• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 1997

Many tools have been used to evaluate the voice abnormalities of velopharyngeal insufficiency(VPI). The aim of study was to obtain the objective evaluation method of VPI by comparing the acoustic and nasalance data of experimentally induced VPI group and those of normal control group. Ten healthy young men were included in this study Mild and severe VPI were experimentally induced by retracting velopharyngeal movement. Using the nasometer, we obtained the nasalance score of the sustained oral vowels and those of three types of nasometer passages and the slope scores of nasogram of nasal words. And we analysed the change of formant frequencies for the sustained oral vowels and the changes of various parameters of hyper-tnasality by the computerized speech analysis system. The nasalance score of sustained /a/ was increased significantly in VPI conditions. There was no changes in the slope score of nasogram. On the acoustic speech analysis, the second formant frequencies of vowel /e/ and /i/ were decreased significantly in VPI conditions. This results suggested that the measurement of nasalance score and formant frequency might be useful in the evaluation of VPI.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.49-58
• /
• 2002

This study was designed to examine the effects of vocal loudness on Nasalance scores in Korean vowels. One normal adult without 'hypemasality' produced 3 types of vowels (/i/, /a/, /u/) in 3 levels of loudness (60, 70, 80dB). Nasalance scores (%) and oral & nasal energy intensity (dB) were measured through NasalView system. These data were compared among 3 levels of loudness and among 3 types of vowels. The results were as follow: For all vowels, Nasalance scores significantly reduced when vocal loudness increased. Because the increases of oral energy intensity were larger than that of nasal energy intensity. For all levels of loudness, Nasalance scores significantly differed among vowel types (/i/>/a/>/u/).

• 음성과학
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2007

This study attempted to obtain differences as a function of Korean and Chinese in vowels. The $NasalView^{(R}}$ (Tiger Electronics Inc., Seattle, USA) was used to obtain nasalance values. Ninety eight subjects participated in this study (48 females from Korea and 48 females from China). The stimuli used in this experiment included vowel /i, a, u/. The stimuli were presented in a random order. The entire session was recorded and the average nasalance score was measured via the $NasalView^{(R)}$. The procedure took approximately 10 minutes. The results of this study showed that the difference between Korean and Chinese was significant in vowel /i, a, u/. The average nasalance scores were /i, a, u/ from highest to lowest in order in vowels. The average nasalance was higher in China than Korean in vowels.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2005

Submucosal type cleft palate is a kind of cleft palate. A submucosal cleft may result in shortening of the anteroposterior dimension of the hard or soft palates or both. The increased distance along with the lack of muscle connection in the soft palate usually accounts for the lack of palatopharyngeal function in patients with submucosal cleft. Resonance disorders which is found in cleft patients show hypernasality or hyponasality. Many cases of submucosal type cleft palate patients visit our clinics due to hypernasality. In this study, resonance disorders was evaluated through nasalance test. Experimental group was composed of submucosal type cleft palate patients. The patients were treated by a so-called combined therapy, i.e., operation and speech training. To observe the changing pattern by surgery, nasalance test was carried out one time before surgery and three times after surgery. Nasometer II was used as a examination. The questionaire was filled with single vowels & diphthongs. The mean nasalance score of the child was significantly lower than that of the adult at every vowel. An early age at operation (under 10 years) was that a better functional result was achieved with patients. The mean nasalance score of /i/ was highest and that of /a/ was the lowest. The result of corrective surgery in selected cases has achieved improvement in all cases. Hypernasality has been consistently diminished. he operation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.721-727
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 모음에 따라 발성역치압력과 비성도의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 2012년 5월부터 8월 동안에 대학에 재학 중인 20~30대의 정상성인 여성 28명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 발성역치압력은 객관적인 공기역학적 검사도구인 PAS(Phonatory aerodynamic system, model 6600, KAY electronics, Inc)를 이용하였으며, /p/와 세가지 모음 /a, i, u/를 각 5번씩 측정하여 가운데 3개를 비교하여 분석하였다. 또한 비성도는 Nasometer${\Pi}$(model 6450, KAY electronics, Inc)를 이용하였으며, 세가지 모음 /a, i, u/를 5초 이상 연장발성하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 모음에 따른 발성역치압력은 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 모음에 따른 비성도도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 발성역치압력과 비성도간의 상관관계도 매우 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. 따라서 모음간의 발성역치압력은 연인두 폐쇄정도를 예측할 수 있으며 그에 따른 비성도와 매우 연관성이 깊음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 2001

Background and Objectives : With the development of computerized systems, an objective evaluation methods of nasal speech and nasal geometry have become readily available by means of a simple, noninvasive technique. In this study, we assessed the nasality, nasal formant, nasal volume and nasal area in patients with hypertrophic rhinitis before and after turbinate surgery. Material and Method : With the nasometer, we measured nasalance, which reflects the ratio of acoustic energy output of nasal sounds from the nasal and oral cavities. With CSL 4300B, we measured nasal formants. We used acoustic rhinometer to measure nasal area and nasal volume. Postoperative changes of above factors were compared with preoperative values. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results : The first nasal formant frequency, nasalance scores of three passages(baby, mamma and rabbit passages), minimal cross sectional area(MCA) of narrow side, nasal volume of narrow side and nasal volume of wide side had increased significantly after turbinate surgery (p <0.05). The MCA and nasal volume of narrow side and MCA of wide side showed significant correlation with nasalance score of rabbit passage and baby passage showed significant correlation with nasal volume of narrow side(p<0.05). Conclusion : There were significant increases in nasalance scores, first nasal formant frequency, MCA and nasal volume after turbinate surgery. Thus, we must consider the possibility of voice changes postoperatively in professional voice users.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 한국어를 사용하는 성인에서 성별에 따른 비음도의 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 후천적 구개부 결손환자의 보철치료를 위한 기초자료로 사용을 위해 정상 비음도를 획득하는 것이다. 음성언어 표본으로 선정된 단순모음, 이중모음, 반복자음, 그리고 비음의 비율이 높은 문장, 비음의 비율이 중간인 문장, 비음의 비율이 낮은 문장에 대해 비음도의 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 남녀간의 차이가 있는지를 t-test와 Mann-Whitney test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 피실험자들은 서울 경기 지역에 거주하는 남자 15명과 여자 15명으로 구성되었고 이들 중 남자 피실험자들의 나이는 24세에서 38세까지 분포하였고 평균나이는 26.3세였다. 여자 피실험자들의 나이는 19세부터 33세까지 분포하였고 평균나이는 24.4세였다. 비음측정기 Nasometer II 가 실험에 사용되었다. 연구의 결과로 /이/ 모음을 포함하는 일부 반복 자음을 제외하고는 모음, 반복자음, 문장을 이용한 음성언어표본에서 남녀 간 비음도의 유의성 있는 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 비음측정기는 음성언어표본이 달라짐에 따라 비음도의 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1998

Tonsillectomy is the one of operation that is performed the most commonly in otolaryngology field. Many changes that include range of voice, tone, voice quality and resonance were made by tonsillectomy. Sometimes, any patients taken tonsillectomy has suffer from these voice problem after tonsillectomy. However there are less study for these problems until now. Then, we studied to find the anatomical findings that affected the voice quality when tonsillectomy was performed. We evaluated the voice in 2 groups, one is the group showed the normal pharyngeal space by using the transnasal fiberscopy, the other is group showed medially bulging tonsil at pharyngeal cavity by using same method, with perceptual evaluation, nasalance score, nasality, oral formant and nasal formant. We used the computerized speech analysis system, the nasometer and the spectrogram in the CSL program. We could not find any differences in perceptual evaluation between two groups. But objective measures were provided. Nasalance score and nasality on the nasometric analysis were increased significantly and oral formant on the spectrogram was changed singnificantly after tonsillectomy in Group 2. Authors thought medially bulging tonsil in the pharynx is able to affect the voice quality after tonsillectomy when we evaluted through the nasal cavity by the using of fiberscopy and this evaluation would be important especially in singers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.414-421
• /
• 2000

The objective evaluation of velopharyngeal closure function is the key to diagnosis and therapy control of velopharyngeal incompetency. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of the velopharyngeal closure function of patients who have developed velopharyngeal incompetency after management with speech aids. The test words were composed of sustained vowels /a/, /i/, /e/, /u/, /ja/, /je/, /wi/ and polysyllabic words /p'ap'i/, /siso/, /mami/ for measuring nasalance, The data was collected before the placement of the speech aids and one to three months after. The results were as follows: The nasalance score of the velopharyngeal incompetency speakers was higher than that of the normal control group, except for nasal sounds, and was decreased after placement of the speech aids, especially in high vowels /i/ (P<.01) and /wi/ (P<.05).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 2010

소음에너지가 시작되는 주파수 즉, 선행 모음이 끝나는 지점을 절삭주파수라 한다. 본 연구는 구개파열아동과 정상 아동을 대상으로 마찰음과 파찰음의 절삭주파수 값, 후행모음에 따른 절삭주파수 값, 절삭주파수와 비음 치의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 서울 및 경기 지역에 거주하고 있는 아동으로 구개파열 진단을 받고, 생활연령이 6세 이상인 아동, 생활연령과 성별을 일치시킨 6세 이상 정상아동 각각 6명씩 총 12명이었다. 실험과제는 마찰음 및 파찰음의 무의미음절 환경과 문장 환경(50환경)으로 구성하였다. 구개파열 아동 집단은 정상 아동 집단에 비해 마찰음, 파찰음의 절삭주파수 값이 무의미음절 환경 및 문장 환경 모두에서 낮게 나타났다. 구개파열 아동과 정상 아동의 절삭주파수와 비음치 간 상관관계 연구 결과 정상 아동 집단에서는 무의미음절 환경과 문장 환경 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나 구개파열 아동 집단에서는 문장 환경에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.