• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.182-194
• /
• 2001

The main purpose is to study lines on different body types and to disguise any imperfections by using diverse princess lines. We separated festers body shapes into specific body types, A, H by applying both the direct and the indirect measurements. Following are the results of the study: 1. nose are the resulting illusion effects when the shoulder width of the princess line was fixed. In case of the armhole princess line, the illusion that the waist intervals were narrow or wide in A-line silhouette. In case the shoulder princess line, when the waist interval was narrow, it appeared to show narrow shoulder in A-line silhouette. While the wide waist interval shows the wide shoulder width in H-line silhouette. It regards body type H in the same light as H-line silhouette when the waist interval is narrow, it appeared to show narrow shoulder width in A-line silhouette. When the waist interval was wide, it appeared to give the narrow shoulder width. 2. When the princess lines waist width was fixed in order to study illusion effects of waist widths. Generally, for body type A, Whether the waist interval princess line is narrow or wide, the princess line is located comparatively wide, in A-line silhouette appeared to show relatively slender waist. For body type H, whether the waist interval is narrow or wide, the princess line us situated comparatively narrow interval, H-line silhouette appeared to show sum waist but the differences are not significant 3. The illusion of the hip were studied by fixating the width of the skirt and varying the locations of princess line and waist widths. For the location of both armhole and shoulder princess line in H and A-line silhouette, the narrow shoulder width and the waist appeared to show narrow hips. mile they are wide appeared to show wide hips. 4. With both waist and skirt width fuel, all two body types showed taller and slender postures when the princess line originated from the shoulder compare to the armhole.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2016

Adoption of narrow gap welding shall be increased for the butt joint of thick plate, because the deformation and welding cost is reduced by decrease of cross-sectional area. However, sometimes narrow gap causes defects such as lack of fusion since it has small groove angle and narrow groove width. Therefore, GMAW, GTAW and SAW process shall be adopted to narrow gap welding with small bead hight and low deposition rate. In this study, Super-TIG welding using C-type strip was applied to semi-narrow gap butt joint in order to increase the welding productivity. High deposition rate 10kg/hr was obtained by high current 600A without undercut, humping bead and other welding defects. Measuring the mean and standard deviation of the melting depth to evaluate the developed processes, the fusion line type was determined by measuring the difference between maximum and minium melting depth. Furthermore, a model on arch fusion line and linear fusion line was suggested in order to prevent LF on groove wall in narrow gap butt welding.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.3371-3380
• /
• 1996

Low resolution spectral modeling of water vapor is carried out by applying the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model (WSGGM) to a narrow band. For a given narrow band, focus is placed on proper modeling of gray gas absorption coefficients vs. temeprature relation used for any solution methods for the Radiative Transfer Equation(RTE). Comparison between the modeled emissivity and the "true" emissivity obtained from a high temperatue statistical narrow band parameters is made ofr the total spectrum as well as for a few typical narrow bands. Application of the model to nonuniform gas layers is also made. Low resolution spectral intensities at the boundary are obtained for uniform, parabolic and boundary layer type temeprature profiles using the obtained for uniform, parabolic and boundary layer type temperature profiles using the obtained WSGGM's with 9 gray gases. The results are compared with the narrow band spectral intensities as obtained by a narrow band model-based code with the Curtis-Godson approximation. Good agreement is found between them. Local heat source strength and total wall heat flux are also compared for the cases of Kim et al, which again gives promising agreement.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.893-907
• /
• 2001

The main purpose is to study the effects of princess lines on different body types and to disguise any imperfection by using diverse princess lines. We separated testers body shapes into specific body types, H, Y by applying both the direct and the indirect measurements. These designs were evaluated by using the point ranking system method, and then average scores were obtained from these evaluations. Following are the results of the study: 1 These are the resulting illusion effects when the shoulder width of the Princess line was fixed. When the Princess line originated from 1/3 point of the armhole, body types Y appeared to show narrow waist width. A-line silhouette appeared to display the narrowest shoulder width. When the Princess line originated from 2/3 point of the armhole, body types H and Y appeared to exhibit narrowest waist widths, and the A-line silhouette once again displayed the narrowest shoulder width. When the Princess line originated from 1/2 point of the armhole, body type H appeared to exhibit narrow width; and H-line silhouette displayed the narrowest shoulder width 2. When the Princess lines waist w'4th was fixed in order to study illusion effects of waist widths. In this experiment, locations of Princess lines and widths of the skirt were varied. When the waist width was fixed at 6.5 cm, For the H body type, the Princess line location of 1/3 point of the armhole in H-line silhouette design exhibited the narrowest waist width. For the Y body type in A-line silhouette design, the Princess line locations of 1/3 and 1/2 points of the armhole exhibited the narrowest waist width because it displayed the hourglass effect. When the waist width was fixed at 10 cm, H body type did not exhibit any significant differences between designs. For Y body type, A-line silhouette design with the Princess line origination point at 1/3 down the armhole exhibited the narrowest waist width. 3. The illusion effects of the hip were studied by fixating the width of the skirt and varying the locations of Princess line and waist widths. In H-line skirt silhouette designs, all two body types exhibited narrow hips when the Princess line origination points were at 1/3 and 1/2 way down the armhole. For A-line skirt silhouette, H body type exhibited narrow hips when narrow waist design with the Princess line originating from 1/2 point in the shoulder was shown. Y body type exhibited narrow hips when narrow waist design with the Princess line originating from 1/3 point of the armhole and 2/3 point of the shoulder. 4. With both waist and skirt widths fixed, all two body types exhibited taller and slender postures when the Princess line originated from the shoulder compare to the armhole.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of body type(thin, standard, fat), necktie width(narrow, medium, wide), gender(man, woman) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 9 color pictures manipulated with the combination of necktie-width and body type using computer simulation. The subjects were 116 male undergraduates and 99 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness, stability, and boldness. In the young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness and stability, body type and necktie-width showed independent effect. In the boldness, body type showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of body type and necktie-width on young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness and stability were found. For young-activity image, necktie of narrow width were effective. For attractiveness-gracefulness image, body type of standard were effective. For stability image, body type of standard and body type of thin on necktie of narrow and medium width were effective. The male fashion image can be perceived differently according to combination of the clues used in body type and necktie-width. Therefore, when the male fashion to create images that will have to consider the body type and necktie width.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.181-196
• /
• 2016

This study intended to suggest criteria for selection of subjects by lower body shape types necessary for evaluating slacks. For this, the characteristics were examined by lower body parts which would influence the fit of slacks on 3D human body shape data of the front and sides of the lower body for lower body shaping. The frequency of subjects by lower body shape types and the boundary points for discrimination of each type were suggested so that they could be available in selecting subjects. Using the data from Size Korea(2004), indirect measurement values measured on the front and sides of the lower body among 3D human body shape data of 175 subjects were analyzed. Their height, waist, and hip circumference fell under the range of standard deviation based on the mean of women aged 18~24 years, and then lower body shaping was conducted by combining the front and side shapes of the lower body. The front of the lower body was classified into four sections: average waist/average hip type(F1), average waist/narrow hip tyle(F2), narrow waist/narrow hip type(F3) and narrow waist/wide hip type(F4) and the sides of the lower body were divided into four sections: average abdomen/average hip type(S1), flat abdomen/average hip type(S2), average abdomen/protrude hip type(S3)and round abdomen/flat hip type(S4), and thus total 16 lower body types were created by cross analysis. Besides, discriminant analysis suggested the boundary points for each shape type of the front and sides of the lower body as a criterion for deciding lower body shape type of each subject

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that have effects on the neurological deficit in the patients with thoracolumbar fracture. Methods : Forty-eight patients were included. Cause of injury, type of injury, time interval, combined injury, kyphotic angle, spinal canal compromise, sagittal diameter, the most narrow sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, the most narrow transverse diameter, and remained height of vertebra body were concerned as the factors. The patients with American Spinal Injury Association[ASIA] impairment scale grade A to D were considered as having neurology while others with ASIA grade E were considered to be without neurology. The patients with ASIA grade A were classified to paraplegia group and the patients with ASIA grade B to E were not thought to be paraplegia. Statistical analysis for these groups were performed. Results : Spinal canal compromise [P<0.001] have correlation with neurological deficit. The most narrow sagittal diameter was smaller in the group with deficit than that in the group without deficit [P<0.004]. Also, combined injury have correlation with neurology [P=0.028]. Spinal canal compromise [P<0.001], sagittal diameter [P=0.032], the most narrow sagittal diameter [P=0.025], and Denis type [P<0.001] also have correlation with paraplegia. Conclusion : The factors of percentage of spinal canal compromise, the most narrow sagittal diameter, and combined injury are predictive of neurological deficit. The patients with paraplegia may be predicted by the factors such as type of injury, spinal canal compromise, sagittal diameter, the most narrow sagittal diameter, and Denis type.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.906-920
• /
• 2001

This paper presents three-dimensional mean velocities, turbulent intensities and Reynolds shear stresses measured in the Y-Z plane of the gas swirl burner with a cone type baffle plate by using an X-type hot-wire probe. This experiments is carried out at the flow rate of 450ℓ/min which is equivalent to the combustion air flow rate necessary to heat release 15,000 kcal/hr in a gas furnace. Mean velocities and turbulent intensities etc. show that their maximum values exist around the narrow slits situated radially on the edge of and in front of a burner. According to downstream regions, they have a peculiar shape like a starfish because the flows going out of the narrow slits and the swirl vanes of an inclined baffle plate diffuse and develop into inward and outward of a burner. The rotational flow due to the inclined flow velocity going out of swirl vanes of a cone type baffle plate seems to decrease the magnitudes of mean velocities V and W respectively by about 30% smaller than those of mean velocity U. The turbulent intensities have large values of 50%∼210% within the range of 0.5

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1993

Sidescan sonar uses the fan type beam which has horizontally narrow and vertically somewhat wide beam pattern. To construct such a beam we will use an array of transducers. In case of using single transducer it must have a high frequency to have the fan type beam, but in case of using an array it must have to be high frequency. We are planning to use 30 kHz transducers for our sidescan sonar under development. This paper shows ways of designing a narrow beam for the sidescan sonar system by illustrating various shapes of the beam patterns.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.763-769
• /
• 2007

A narrow loop noise bandwidth method is desirable to reduce the error of raw measurements due to the thermal noise. However, it degrades the performance of GPS initial synchronization such as mean acquisition time. And it restricts the loop noise bandwidth to a fixed value determined by the lower bound of the allowable range of carrier-to-noise power ratio, so that it is difficult to optimally track GPS signal. In order to make up for the weak points of the fixed-type narrow loop noise bandwidth method and simultaneously minimize the error of code and carrier measurements, this paper proposes a stepwise-type adaptive bandwidth algorithm for DGPS reference receivers. In this paper, it is shown that the proposed adaptive bandwidth algorithm can provide more accurate measurements than those of the fixed-type narrow loop noise bandwidth method, in view of analyzing the simulation results between two signal tracking algorithms. This paper also carries out sensitivity analysis of the proposed adaptive bandwidth algorithm due to the estimation uncertainty of carrier-to-noise power ratio. Finally the analysis results are verified by the experiment using GPS simulator.