• American Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2021

J.D. Salinger's 1951 novel, Catcher in the Rye, has generally been known as a story of a young rebel, Holden Caulfield, who tries to break away from reality in the fifties, a decade prevalent with the strict rule and faultfinding culture of what he is taught at school: to simplify and unify. This novel often refers to a journey of an outsider who commits to playing a catcher in the rye, a fantasy world of innocence, infinity, and youth. As the story unfolds, Holden's ontology is rendered to show how vulnerable his affective ontology is to the ideological reality of containment and conformity. This informs how Holden is a pathological character that reifies the performative crisis of the postwar US Cold War ideology. That said, this paper examines the extent to which this novel can be possibly read as a narrative of illness to expose Holden's pathological conditions of illness, hysteria, and psychosis. Thus, it looks at his medical symptoms whose pathogens I attempt to analyze in terms of his affective potential of being ontologically engaged to the historical context, or the political unconscious, of the postwar US in the early Cold War years.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.237-248
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of urinary incontinence (UI) for elderly Korean women using a narrative approach. Methods: The data were collected using individual in-depth interviews with 15 communitydwelling elderly women who had UI for at least 1 yr. The narratives of the life stories of these women were analyzed from the actor’s perspective, motivation and purpose of actions, and action toward goal achievement. Also the narratives on UI were analyzed according to cognition, behavior, and evaluation of UI. Results: Three major types of the life stories emerged from the analysis. First, the conquest narrative type reflects active characteristics of narrators within the circumstances of the sociocultural context. Second, the patience narrative is characterized as having flexibility between self determination for goal achievement and the boundary of the sociocultural context. Lastly, the compliance narrative reflected characteristics of narrators who easily adapt their way of life to circumstances. In terms of UI, the narrators in all three types lacked awareness of UI as an illness condition. Three different reasons are specifically identified according to the narrative types. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the concept and the illness behaviors related to UI in elderly Korean women with UI were closely related to the way of women's lives within the sociocultural and historical context.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is exploring value of Shanghanlun six diagnostic system as Narrative Medicine by analyzing cases. Methods : In the article, we examined the theory of narrative medicine and current studies. And then key elements of narrative medicine was defined. On the basis of these, two medical cases were analyzed by reordering in accordance with time sequences and causality for confirming narrative factors. Results : The narrative approach to analyzing cases shows us that different diseases could be the result of same pathological patterns based on Shanghanlun. This tells us following four aspects. [1] Shanghanlun is the causes-oriented records and the text includes narrative factors. [2] Shanghanlun six diagnostic system is a process of constructing plot of medical case history through the clinical interpretation of contextual meaning of patient's life. [3] In the process of diagnosis, Schemata and script are engaged in assuming and confirming six patterns diseases. [4] The subjective factors of an individual can be applied universally through the provision of Shanghanlun. Conclusions : Narrative factors of Shanghanlun six diagnostic system suggest the possibility and value of Shanghan Medicine as Narrative Medicine in terms of Medical Humanities, essence of medical diagnosis and therapeutic action.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.40-44
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• 2022

Bipolar disorders are a group of mood disorders characterised by relapsing mood episodes throughout the course of illness. Patients with bipolar disorders commonly present with various sleep problems. Patients in a manic episode generally show decreased need of sleep and those in a depressed episode frequently complain about hypersomnia. Current literature even points to evidence that patients with bipolar disorder in euthymic state may still show signs of sleep disturbances when compared to the general population. Clinicians may also note intricate interactions between changes of circadian rhythm and evolution of mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Also, commonly prescribed medications which plays a crucial role in treatment of bipolar disorders including mood stabilisers and antipsychotic medications often cause significant weight gain over time. Being a risk factor of sleep apnoea, weight gain can predispose the patient to develop sleep apnoea. In this narrative review, we summarised current evidence and literature regarding characteristics of circadian rhythm and comorbid sleep apnoea in patients with bipolar disorder. We also present literature regarding implications of circadian disturbance and comorbid sleep apnoea in managing patients with bipolar disorder.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.5-28
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• 2011

This study, based on the research on the history of life, aimed to recompose and analyze into what life progressive structure the life experience by the mentally ill, after the onslaught of the disease, developed in a bid to understand the risk progress in the mentally ill's life, and to determine what contributed to the current stabilized recovery and adjustment. Five mentally ill persons participated in the study, and Sch$\ddot{u}$tze's narrative interview was used to gather data. The gathered data were analyzed according to Sch$\ddot{u}$tze's process structure of life. The interviewees' life experiences were chronologically organized as understood, and significant stories were recomposed that not only brought about changes but also helped overcome their disabilities in the process of treatment and rehabilitation after the onslaught of the disease. As a result, their experiences were recomposed into the stage of onslaught of the mental illness and confusion, and into the stage of intensive treatment and rehabilitation. The former was categorized into suppression by the disease, repetition and endurance of the painful life, and separation from their family and frustration. The latter was categorized into the rediscovery of self through social role change, others who helped realize the life potential, the expansion of mental health services in the community, obstacle to the integration of communities, re-integration of family relationships, re-analysis of experience of the disease through the examination of the life prior to onslaught of the disease, and expectation for the future. Also, these themes were comparatively examined so as to examine the crisis progress in the mentally ill's life after the onslaught of the disease, as well as the life transfer process through positive rehabilitation. Lastly, on the basis of these results, important areas of mental health services for the mentally ill were discussed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.28
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• pp.17-36
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• 2012

This essay places the South Korean film Thirst (2009) within Park Chan-wook's oeuvre as a filmmaker notorious for graphic depictions of violence and revenge. Park's use of dark humour in his films, which is emphasized in Thirst perhaps more than ever, allows for a more self-aware depiction of violence, where both the viewer and the protagonist are awakened to the futility of revenge. This ultimately paints his characters as fascinatingly crazy - simultaneously heroes, villains, and victims. Film theorist Wes D. Gehring's three themes of dark humour ('man as beast,' 'the absurdity of the world,' and 'the omnipresence of death') become most obvious in Park's most recent film, which pays closer attention to character development through narrative detail. Rather than portraying the characters as sentimental, dark humour depicts their misfortunes in an alternative way, allowing for consideration of such taboo subjects as religion, adultery, and death/suicide. These issues are further tackled through Thirst's portrayal of its vampire protagonist, which ultimately de-mystifies the traditional vampire figure. While this character has more often been associated with romance, exoticism and the mystical powers of the supernatural, Thirst takes relatively little from the demons of Nosferatu (Murnau, 1922) and various other Dracula adaptations, nor the romantic figures of Interview with the Vampire (Jordan, 1994), and Twilight (Hardwicke, 2008). Instead, it is part of a much smaller group of contemporary vampire films, which are rather informed by a postmodern reconfiguration of the monster. Thus, this paper examines Thirst as an important contribution to the global and hybrid nature of those films in which postmodern vampires are sympathetic and de-mystified, exhibiting symptoms stemming from a natural illness or misfortune. Park's undertaking of a vampire film allows for a complex balance between narrative and visuals through his focus on the Western implications of this myth within Korean cinema. This combination of international references and traditional Korean culture marks it as highly conscious of New Korean Cinema's focus on globalization. With Thirst, Park successfully unites familiar images of the vampire hunting and feeding, with more stylistically distinct, grotesque images of violence and revenge. In this sense, dark humour highlights the less charming aspects of the vampire struggling to survive, most effective in scenes depicting the protagonist feeding from his friend's IV in the hospital, and sitting in the sunlight, slowly turning to ash, in the final minutes of the film. The international appeal of Park's style, combining conventions of the horror/thriller genre with his own mixture of dark humour and non-linear narrative, is epitomized in Thirst, which underscores South Korea's growing global interest with its overt international framework. Furthermore, he portrayal of the vampire as a sympathetic figure allows for a shift away from the conventional focus on myth and the exotic, toward a renewed construction of the vampire in terms of its contribution to generic hybridization and cultural adaptation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.297-305
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• 2013

This thesis is a result of a study of the treatment course of post traumatic stress disorder because of the historical incident which is described in the novel, Uncle Suni by Hyun Ki-young. Uncle Suni survived the massacre which happened during the 4.3 Incident in Jeju Island. However, living a buried life, she suffers a historical trauma. To cure her disorder, she had to know the cause of her illness, such as auditory hallucination, mysophobia, etc. The author describes that kinds of patients should be ensured to get help not only in duty of the society but of the country and that historical justice should stand right. Uncle Suni reexperienced the incident when she happened to discover 'the white bones' and 'the lead bullets' while she was working in her 'Ohmpang field'. To cure her illness, she needed to confess her guilt that she had escaped from the massacre, and deep appreciation about the incident, which means she had to testify, and in the course of the testimony, she had to confess her inner feelings. To solve the historical trauma, there should be a recovery of connection between the patient and the society. The course of treatment should go from the patient herself to the realm of the society through which the patient, Uncle Suni can reach the recovery.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.191-215
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• 2011

This paper aims at investigating Dorothy Wordsworth's later conversation poetry, which has not been the focus of critical discussions on her literary works. While many critics have been emphasizing Dorothy Wordsworth's journals and the tendency of self-effacement in her prose, this paper argues that her later poetry often reveals acute self-consciousness about the circumstances that condition this self-annihilation and searches for a creative way to endorse her own identity. In "Lines Intended for My Niece's Album," she expresses anxiety and uncertainty about the inclusion of her poetic piece in Dora Wordsworth's album, which contains poems by prominent male writers of the contemporary period. "Irregular Verses" presents Dorothy Wordsworth's self-conscious narrative of her girlhood and shows how her own ambition to become a "Poet" has been stifled by external circumstances, including the ideology that instills the idea of proper womanhood into aspiring girls. While these poems examine contemporary gender discourse and the frustrated poethood resulting from it, other poems activate conversations with William Wordsworth's poems and thereby provide a revisionary re-writing of her brother's texts. For example, in "Lines Addressed to Joanna H." Dorothy Wordsworth becomes "a woman addressed who herself addresses others." Her scrupulous approach to her own addressee refuses to subordinate the other to the self's will, and through this revision of "Tintern Abbey," Dorothy Wordsworth vicariously liberates her own self confined in her brother's poems. "Thoughts on My Sick-Bed," which echoes "Tintern Abbey" through borrowed phrases and direct address to William Wordsworth, foregrounds her own poetic identity in the form of the first-person pronoun "I." Dorothy Wordsworth's continual illness during this period of her life paradoxically allows her the time for personal reflection formerly denied to her in her busy life constantly occupied by physical and spiritual labor for others. Instead of earning satisfaction from the subsumption of her creative energy under William Wordsworth's poetical endeavor, Dorothy Wordsworth finally starts to affirm her own poetic identity that can properly express her inner vision and artistic talent. Although this final affirmation remains largely incomplete due to her later mental collapse bordering on madness, it powerfully conveys the hidden literary aspiration of the formerly frustrated female poet.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to analyze narrative structure and spoken contents of two TV documentaries televised in KBS 1TV 'Current Topics Ssam' to examine how child sexual abuse was represented on TV. As a result, the study could see that child sexual abuse attackers were stressed by a system to monitor and punish them and TV documentary took a neutral attitude between their human rights and pain of the victims. And it emphasizes 'abnormal' sides such as attackers' drinking or history of mental illness, and men's social authority individualizes a woman's damage into private pain by imposing a light punishment on child sexual abuse attackers and letting them not punished. Child sexual abuse victims treated to be a sexual object as a 'small, easy and weak' woman are represented as a lethargic human who is afraid of revenge and lives in pain. The representation of child sexual abuse through 'Current Topics Ssam' has its limit in the fact that it neglected understanding social context of child sexual abuse by forming an event-centered immediate and fragmentary narration and didn't play a right role in making an efficient and long-term plan considering actual conditions of Korean society and leading the people's participation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

Objectives : Considering the impact of depressive illness on physical and mental health of both mother and fetus, specification of a treatment algorithm for depressive disorder during pregnancy is legitimated. This article provides a systemic review of treatments for depressive disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Methods : According to the search strategy of the Clinical Research Center for Depression of Korean Health 21 R & D Project, PubMed and EMBASE were searched using terms with regard to the treatment of depressive disorders during pregnancy and lactation. Reference lists of related reviews and studies were searched. In addition, relevant practice guidelines were searched using the PubMed. All identified clinical literatures were reviewed and summarized in a narrative manner. Results : Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy and lactation requires a comprehensive assessment of the risks and benefits of treatment for both mother and fetus or neonate. Recently, there is growing evidence that the use of tricyclic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation does not result in increased risks of teratogenicity. Treatment strategies are described according to the point of time of pregnancy or lactation. FDA categories for antidepressants during pregnancy and lactation are described. In addition, issues regarding to the electroconvulsive therapy and psychosocial treatment are discussed. Conclusion : The treatment option for depressive disorders during pregnancy and lactation depends on the severity of depressive illnesses of the individual patient. For mild to moderate depression, the non-pharmacological treatment should be considered first. For moderate to severe depression, pharmacotherapy should be administered in addition to the psychosocial treatment. ECT is recommended for depressive disorder of severe intensity. As the research knowledge is limited, the recommendations should based on the best judgement of psychiatrists.