• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

There exists a many-to-many mapping relationship between persons and their names. A person may have multiple names, and different persons may share the same name. These synonymous and homonymous names may severely deteriorate the recall and precision of the person search, respectively. This study addresses the characteristics of features for resolving homonymous author names appearing in citation data. As disambiguation features, previous works have employed citation-internal features such as co-authorship, titles of articles, titles of publications as well as citation-external features such as emails, affiliations, Web evidences. To the best of our knowledge, however, there has been no literature to deal with the influences of features on author disambiguation. This study analyzes the effect of individual features on author resolution using a large-scale test set for Korean.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.787-812
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• 2011

This essay aims to explore Herman Melville's recognition and resolution of the vicious link between law and violence in his posthumous Billy Budd, Sailor (1924). In order to investigate the issues, this essay refers to Freud, Benjamin, Derrida, Lacan, and Žižek, all perceptive to the uncanny affinity of law and violence. Especially, Žižek's arguments of "superego" as an embodiment of cruel and destructive violence supplementing the official law and of "love" as an ethical possibility beyond the limit of the problematic law are introduced in this study to make Melville's reflection of the inseparableness between law and violence much clearer. John Claggart and Captain Vere embody the legal (superegoic) violence. Claggart even procurs secret enjoyment, in the name of maintaining positive law. Billy Budd discloses another violence defending his justness according to natural law. However, Melville suggests the possibility of suspending the problematic tie of law/violence through "love," as portrayed at the last part of the story. The two final words from Billy and Vere, as a sort of delayed dialogue between them after the event of their secret interview before Billy's hanging, suggest that they finally distance from the obscene nightly law of superego-respectively from outward punitiveness toward Vere and from inward punishment for Vere's excessive enforcement of Billy's hanging-and identify each other's lack as their own. Their love implicated in the last words is for the real other-in Lacan's sense-who discloses the constitutive lack or incompleteness of beings and aporia of the law. This essay's examination of Melville's representations about the superegoic violence as the (im-)possible condition of law and the possibility of withdrawing from it would help us recognize Billy Budd, Sailor as the author's own last word for the possible vision of love cutting the vicious knot of law/violence.

• Fiber Technology and Industry
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.490-508
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• 1998

One of the latest fields of research in the area of output devices is tactual display devices [13,31]. These tactual or haptic devices allow the user to receive haptic feedback output from a variety of sources. This allows the user to actually feel virtual objects and manipulate them by touch. This is an emerging technology and will be instrumental in enhancing the realism of wearable augmented environments for certain applications. Tactual displays have previously been used for scientific visualization in virtual environments by chemists and engineers to improve perception and understanding of force fields and of world models populated with the impenetrable. In addition to tactual displays, the use of wearable audio displays that allow sound to be spatialized are being developed. With wearable computers, designers will soon be able to pair spatialized sound to virtual representations of objects when appropriate to make the wearable computer experience even more realistic to the user. Furthermore, as the number and complexity of wearable computing applications continues to grow, there will be increasing needs for systems that are faster, lighter, and have higher resolution displays. Better networking technology will also need to be developed to allow all users of wearable computers to have high bandwidth connections for real time information gathering and collaboration. In addition to the technology advances that make users need to wear computers in everyday life, there is also the desire to have users want to wear their computers. In order to do this, wearable computing needs to be unobtrusive and socially acceptable. By making wearables smaller and lighter, or actually embedding them in clothing, users can conceal them easily and wear them comfortably. The military is currently working on the development of the Personal Information Carrier (PIC) or digital dog tag. The PIC is a small electronic storage device containing medical information about the wearer. While old military dog tags contained only 5 lines of information, the digital tags may contain volumes of multi-media information including medical history, X-rays, and cardiograms. Using hand held devices in the field, medics would be able to call this information up in real time for better treatment. A fully functional transmittable device is still years off, but this technology once developed in the military, could be adapted tp civilian users and provide ant information, medical or otherwise, in a portable, not obstructive, and fashionable way. Another future device that could increase safety and well being of its users is the nose on-a-chip developed by the Oak Ridge National Lab in Tennessee. This tiny digital silicon chip about the size of a dime, is capable of 'smelling' natural gas leaks in stoves, heaters, and other appliances. It can also detect dangerous levels of carbon monoxide. This device can also be configured to notify the fire department when a leak is detected. This nose chip should be commercially available within 2 years, and is inexpensive, requires low power, and is very sensitive. Along with gas detection capabilities, this device may someday also be configured to detect smoke and other harmful gases. By embedding this chip into workers uniforms, name tags, etc., this could be a lifesaving computational accessory. In addition to the future safety technology soon to be available as accessories are devices that are for entertainment and security. The LCI computer group is developing a Smartpen, that electronically verifies a user's signature. With the increase in credit card use and the rise in forgeries, is the need for commercial industries to constantly verify signatures. This Smartpen writes like a normal pen but uses sensors to detect the motion of the pen as the user signs their name to authenticate the signature. This computational accessory should be available in 1999, and would bring increased peace of mind to consumers and vendors alike. In the entertainment domain, Panasonic is creating the first portable hand-held DVD player. This device weight less than 3 pounds and has a screen about 6' across. The color LCD has the same 16:9 aspect ratio of a cinema screen and supports a high resolution of 280,000 pixels and stereo sound. The player can play standard DVD movies and has a hour battery life for mobile use. To summarize, in this paper we presented concepts related to the design and use of wearable computers with extensions to smart spaces. For some time, researchers in telerobotics have used computer graphics to enhance remote scenes. Recent advances in augmented reality displays make it possible to enhance the user's local environment with 'information'. As shown in this paper, there are many application areas for this technology such as medicine, manufacturing, training, and recreation. Wearable computers allow a much closer association of information with the user. By embedding sensors in the wearable to allow it to see what the user sees, hear what the user hears, sense the user's physical state, and analyze what the user is typing, an intelligent agent may be able to analyze what the user is doing and try to predict the resources he will need next or in the near future. Using this information, the agent may download files, reserve communications bandwidth, post reminders, or automatically send updates to colleagues to help facilitate the user's daily interactions. This intelligent wearable computer would be able to act as a personal assistant, who is always around, knows the user's personal preferences and tastes, and tries to streamline interactions with the rest of the world.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-107
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• 2005

Land Remote Sensing' is defined as the science (and to some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. Narrowly speaking, this is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information. Remote sensing technology was initially developed with certain purposes in mind ie. military and environmental observation. However, after 1970s, as these high-technologies were taught to private industries, remote sensing began to be more commercialized. Recently, we are witnessing a 0.61-meter high-resolution satellite image on a free market. While privatization of land remote sensing has enabled one to use this information for disaster prevention, map creation, resource exploration and more, it can also create serious threat to a sensed nation's national security, if such high resolution images fall into a hostile group ie. terrorists. The United States, a leading nation for land remote sensing technology, has been preparing and developing legislative control measures against the remote sensing industry, and has successfully created various policies to do so. Through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's authority under the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, the US can restrict sensing and recording of resolution of 0.5 meter or better, and prohibit distributing/circulating any images for the first 24 hours. In 1994, Presidential Decision Directive 23 ordered a 'Shutter Control' policy that details heightened level of restriction from sensing to commercializing such sensitive data. The Directive 23 was even more strengthened in 2003 when the Congress passed US Commercial Remote Sensing Policy. These policies allow Secretary of Defense and Secretary of State to set up guidelines in authorizing land remote sensing, and to limit sensing and distributing satellite images in the name of the national security - US government can use the civilian remote sensing systems when needed for the national security purpose. The fact that the world's leading aerospace technology country acknowledged the magnitude of land remote sensing in the context of national security, and it has made and is making much effort to create necessary legislative measures to control the powerful technology gives much suggestions to our divided Korean peninsula. We, too, must continue working on the Korea National Space Development Act and laws to develop the necessary policies to ensure not only the development of space industry, but also to ensure the national security.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

A great number of geological research data have been produced by individually conducted researchers and then personally stored in domestic universities and research institutes. However, it is difficult to share data with other researchers owing to low and limited accessibility. The purpose of this study is to systematically establish metadata for inaccessible data, to manage them collectively and to provide opportunities for utilizing the data to those who require efficient research methods. Approximately 1,000 geological specimens (900 rocks and fossils, 100 thin sections) were gathered, along with their metadata such as high-resolution photographs, classification, name, owner, address, and geographical coordinates of the sample site, to establish their features. Additionally, 3D modeling data for 100 rocks and fossils were generated. On the basis of this study, it is possible for researchers to access and share crucial geological data that have a high potential to be lost and have been neglected in restricted spaces; by avoiding the wasted time, energy, and costs caused by repetitive collection of data, researchers may perform effective research and achieve qualified and competitive research results. Moreover, vulnerable and important geological data in the field can be protected from damage caused by indiscriminate, repetitive collection of specimens that have previously been secured. Through the establishment of additional metadata concerning the diversity of rocks, fossils, and thin sections kept at other universities and research institutes, much more data can be recognized, leading to advanced research results. Furthermore, specialized comparison and analysis of basic mineralogy and petrology knowledge are anticipated, based on the use of the metadata.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.207-227
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• 2000

Recenily, major internalional STM(Science, Trchnical, and Mcdivine) Publichers have been developing prototype systems that can provide the refeence linking of jouinal articles within the scholarly literature on a cross-publisher basis using the URN(Universal Resouree Name). In Korea, it is hard to find the efforts to link the scattered digitalized documents to an individual user through a unified web. In this study, a linking model for an inergrated gatewny fro, bibliographic information to full tcxt has been desugned and 'Electronic Research Resourced Linking system (E3R/LS)' has been developed as a prototype for centralized static reference linking system. There are three major components for constructing refrernce linking systems. The firsl componcnt the Digital Object Identifiet(DO1). is introduced as the public identifier inrended to be applied wherever thr item needs to be identified. For denl~iymg Korean journal articles, llie extended SICI(Serlal Ilem and Conlribut~on Idealifier) has becn newly dehed in 1111s study and is used as a suiiia on DOI. The reierence datubasc conlams the second com~onenl, metadiltil, linkcd to implemenied by all information providers. The CnRI resolution system is used for resolving a DOI into a URL as the third component.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.161-187
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• 2009

Disability Discrimination Act(DDA) is generally recognized as the institutional frame to realize social model of disability. However social model is not automatically realized via the enactment of DDA. The realization of social model is influenced by various factors among which the definition of disability in DDA is very important factor. Paradoxically definitions of disability based on social model may push DDA into contradictory situation. This is caused by the fact that on the one hand definitions of based on social model exclude impairment and on the other hand they mixes characteristics and treatment. Because of these, when definitions of disability based on social model is reflected into definitions of disability in DDA, they may not be helpful to realize social model against original intention of advocates of the model. We can consider two approaches to resolve this paradox; one is to partially reform current definition of disability in DDA, the other is to totally amend current definition of disability. The former may pragmatic and worth to pursue but it cannot solve fundamental problems and may cause some new problems. The most consistent resolution with social model is to amend current definitions of disability into radically new one which excludes substantial limits and definition of disabled person from definition of disability. This new definition may called characteristics based definition or impairment based definition. Some people may think this new definition as one based on medical model but it is not. What we need is not to carve definition of disability based on social model into DDA but to make institutional frame for DDA to operate without contradictions and to develop social model of both impairment and disability. This model which does not exclude impairment could takes part in realization of the social model disability.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.34
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• pp.107-139
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• 2020

This paper primarily focuses on the highest deity, the Upper Thearch of the Nine Heavens (officially translated as 'The Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven'), in the Korean new religious movement (NRM) Daesoon Jinrihoe and the true minister of the myriad spirits in the Taiwanese NRM, Yiguan Dao, the Upper Thearch of Manifest Luminosity. As the two both serve as highly representative "Upper Thearch" beliefs in emerging NRMs, I attempt a comparative analysis of the source of these beliefs, their characteristics, and the links that exist between them. On the basis of ancient Chinese classics and Daoist texts, along with Daesoon Jinrihoe's scriptures and works from Yiguan Dao's Canon, I try to understand the distinguishing features of cosmological ideas from both religious movements. For example, because the Upper Thearch of the Nine Heavens could not bear to see the human realm growing ever more disordered and in order to improve worldly conditions, he traveled to the harmonized realm of deities, and therefore descended into the world to make a great itineration and enlighten the people through his teachings. In the end, he came to Korea and was reborn as Kang Jeungsan (secular name: Kang Il-Sun) in Gaekmang Village. In the Human Realm, he spread his transformative teachings to the people which were later became the doctrines of the Virtuous Concordance of Yin and Yang, Harmonious Union between Divine Beings and Human Beings, the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence, and Perfected Unification (jingyeong 真境) with the Dao. Yiguan Dao; however, explains that the source of humanity is the "Heaven of Principle" (Litian 理天), and people are "Buddha's Children of the Original Embryo" (Yuantai Fozi 原胎佛子), created by the Upper Thearch of Manifest Luminosity, who came to world to govern and impart spiritual refinement, before returning to his native place in the Heaven of Principle. Yet, because he became infatuated with the world of mortals, he forgot the path of his return. Therefore, the Eternal Mother sent Maitreya Buddha, the Living Buddha Jigong 濟公, and the Bodhisattva of Moon Wisdom (Yuehui pusa 月慧菩薩) to descend to the human world and teach the people, so that they may acknowledge the Eternal Mother as the root of return, achieve their return to the origin, and go back to the home of the Eternal Mother in the Heaven of Principle. Both Daesoon Jinrihoe and Yiguan Dao refer to their highest deity, the true ministers of the myriad spirits, with the simple title "Upper Thearch." This phenomenon also has some ties to God in the western Biblical tradition but also has some key differences. In investigating the sources of these two deities, we find that they likely took shape during the Yinshang (殷商) period and have some relationship to the Upper Thearch of Chinese antiquity. The questions raised in this research are quite interesting and deserving of deeper comparative study.