• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2009

Needs for underground space development and utilization have been increasing in urban area. The conventional strutting method in excavation is effective to restrain the ground movements and displacements of earth structures but inefficient for workers because of small working space. The conventional earth reinforcement methods such as earth-anchor and soil-nailing also have limitation to apply in urban area due to threats to stability of adjacent buildings around excavation boundaries. Recently, many types of earth retaining structures are being developed to overcome disadvantages of conventional excavation methods in urban area. In this study, a series of numerical analyses were performed with MIDAS GTS, geotechnical analysis program and MIDAS Civil, structural analysis design program to evaluate behavior and stability of the new type of non-supporting earth retaining structure, called Temporary Tower System (TTS), consisting of tower truss structures with much economical and spatial advantage.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2014

In an attempt to make a numerical modeling of the nailed walls with a view to assess the stability has been used. A convenient modeling which can provide answers to nearly situ conditions is of particular significance and can significantly reduce operating costs and avoid the risks arising from inefficient design. In the present study, a nailing system with a excavation depth of 8 meters has been modeled and observed by using the three constitutive behavioral methods; Mohr Coulomb (MC), hardening soil (HS) and hardening soil model with Small-Strain stiffness ensued from small strains (HSS). There is a little difference between factor of safety and the forces predicted by the three models. As extremely small lateral deformations exert effect on stability and the overall deformation of a system, the application of advanced soil model is essential. Likewise, behavioral models such as HS and HSS realize lower amounts of the heave of excavation bed and lateral deformation than MC model.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 사면안정 학술발표회
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• pp.155-180
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• 2000

The pattern of domestic slope construction has been steadily changed from the simpled and small-scale to the large-scale and complicated one, frequently near the existing structures, as the density of population and the traffic increases. In some cases, the slopes become steeper and larger due to the road improvement and construction. For the rock slope, the existence of discontinuity cannot be disregarded and acts as an important factor on the slope stability. Most of the existing methods for stabilizing the slope were focused on reducing the slope angle. Under the specific geographic condition, it is necessary to concentrate more efforts on the research and development of supporting system for the slope stability. As a supporting system, it is often very advantageous to use the FRP pipe grouting method that is similar to the existing soil nailing method or the rock bolting method but uses the high strength FRP pipe as a principal reinforcement in place of steel bar. Through the FRP pipe, the grout material can be injected into the rock mass to improve its shear strength to the required value. .In this study, the characteristics of FRP are investigated by the laboratory tests and the field tests. And, the practical aspects of FRP method are reviewed and analyzed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.393-410
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• 2012

Conventional geotechnical instrumentation techniques available for monitoring of slopes, especially soil-nailed slopes have limitations such as electromagnetic interference, low accuracy, poor longterm reliability and difficulty in mounting a series of strain sensors on a soil nail bar with a small-diameter. This paper presents a slope monitoring system based on fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. This monitoring system is designed to perform long-term monitoring of slope movements, strains along soil nails, and other slope reinforcement elements. All these FBG sensors are fabricated and calibrated in laboratory and a trial of this monitoring system has been successfully conducted on a roadside slope in Hong Kong. As part of the slope stability improvement works, soil nails and a toe support soldier-pile wall were constructed. During the slope works, more than 100 FBG sensors were installed on a soil nail, a soldier pile, and an in- place inclinometer. The paper presents the layout and arrangement of the instruments as well as the installation procedures adopted. Monitoring data have been collected since March 2008. This trial has demonstrated the great potential of the optical fibre monitoring system for long-term monitoring of slope performance. The advantages of the slope monitoring system and experience gained in the field implementation are also discussed in the paper.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 학술발표집 신소재, 신기술에 의한 사면안정이론과 시공사례
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• pp.94-110
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 Wright 등이 제안한 산사태 억지벽체공법에, nailing system을 추가한 새로운 형태의 사면보강공법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해, nail로 보강된 콘크리트판넬에 작용하는 토압산정법의 제시 및 억지말뚝 해석법의 정립 등이 이루어 졌다 또한 제시된 토압산정법을 토대로 nail의 효율적인 배치형태 및 설치각도 등에 대한 분석과, 콘크리트 판넬 및 억지말뚝 등으로 구성된 억지벽체의 최적설치위치에 관한 FLAC 프로그램 분석 등이 수행되었다. 이외에도 본 공법의 시공개요를 제시하였으며, 아울러 설계예를 통한 Wright 등의 제안방법과의 비교, 억지말뚝 상호간섭작용의 영향검토 등이 포함되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.662-669
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• 2006

PEM(Prestressed Earth Method) is a method to minimize lateral movements of the ground generated by progressive excavation and increases shear strength by applying prestresses to the end of earth bolt equipped with a P.C. panel after earth bolt is set up under the in-situ ground. In case of PEM, there are noticeable advantages. First of all, PEM maximizes the utility of the ground because PEM needs less volume of backfill and cutting than other general walls. Second, it's an environmental method possible to garden on the banquette. In this study, the behavioral characteristics of PEM are analyzed and compared with soil nailing system through the measured data of PEM and numerical method using SMAP-2D program and also an increased stability of PEM is evaluated by increasing prestress of earth bolts through the numerical analysis using Slide (ver. 4.0) program.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.41-70
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• 1999

쏘일네일 또는 지반앵커와 같은 보강재는 지하굴착 및 사면의 안정성 확보를 위해 효율적으로 적용될 수 있음이 여러 지반공학자들에게 널리 알려져 있다. 그러나 경우에 따라서는, 쏘일네일과 지반앵커를 굴착면 상하 또는 좌우에 복합적으로 적용하여 지반굴착이 진행되는 시공사례가 종종 있어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한계평형적 접근에 근거하여, 이와같은 상하 또는 좌우 쏘일네일-지반앵커 복합 지지시스템의 전체적인 안정성을 평가할 수 있는 해석법을 제시하였다. 이 과정에서 예상 파괴흙쐐기의 형상은 $FLAC^{2D}\; 및\; FLAC^{3D}$ 프로그램 해석결과를 토대로 결정하였다. 또한 관입전단파괴에 대한 안정성 확보를 위해 요구되는 본 쏘일네일-지반앵커 복합 지지시스템의 전면부 숏크리트 벽체의 두께를 검토하였다. 아울러 쏘일네일 구조체와 지반앵커 구조체가 서로 접하게 되는 경계영역에서는 응력집중, 상대변위 및 이로 인한 전단력 유발 등 전면벽체에 대한 추가 안정성 검토가 요구된다. 이를 위해, 경계영역에서의 상대변위를 예측키 위한 간편 유한요소해석기법을 제시하였으며, 또한 충분한 안정성 확보를 위해 숏크리트 전면벽체의 두께가 과도하게 요구되는 문제점을 적절히 해결하기 위해 수정된 지압판 시스템을 제시하였다. 아울러 관련 설계변수들의 영향에 대한 다양한 분석과 더불어, 예측된 상대변위를 $FLAC^{2D}$프로그램 해석결과와 서로 비교하여 제시된 간편 유한요소해석기법의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

지반보강을 위해 국내에서 널리 사용되고 있는 공법으로 약액주입공법, 앵커공법, 소일네일공법 및 마이크로파일공법 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 지반보강공법은 보강재의 종류, 설치방법, 프리스트레스의 유무 및 그라우팅 방법에 따라 다양한 공법으로 개발되고 있으나, 공통적으로 지반보강재의 강성, 그라우트와 보강재의 마찰력 및 그라우트와 지반의 마찰력이 주요 설계변수이다. 따라서, 최적화된 지반보강재는 보강재 자체의 인장강도가 큰 재료로써 보강재와 그라우트사이의 마찰력이 크며, 그라우트와 지반사이의 마찰력을 향상시킬 수 있는 최적의 그라우팅 방법의 적용이 필요하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 보강재의 형상과 그라우팅 방법에 따른 보강효과를 평가하고자 총 20여개의 실내모형실험을 실시하였으며, 실험결과 타공+날개보강형과 포스트그라우팅 방법이 보강 효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2019

Thinned, small larch logs have small diameters and no value-added final use, except as wood chips, pallets, or fuel wood, which are products with very low economic value; however, their mechanical strength is suitable for structural applications. In this study, small larch logs were sawed, dried, and cut into square timbers (with a $90mm{\times}90mm$ cross section) that were laterally glued to form core panels used to manufacture cross-laminated timber (CLT) wall panels. The surface and back of these core panels were covered with 12-mm-thick structural plywood panels, used as cross bands to obtain three-ply CLT wall panels. This attachment procedure was conducted in two different ways: gluing and pressing (CGCLT) or gluing and nailing (NGCLT). The size of the as-manufactured CLT panels was $1,220mm{\times}2,440mm$, the same as that of the plywood panels. The final wall panels were tested under lateral shear force in accordance with KS F 2154. As the lateral load resistance test required $2,440mm{\times}2,440mm$ specimens, two CLT wall panels had to be attached in parallel. In addition, the final CLT panels had tongued and grooved edges to allow parallel joints between adjacent pieces. For comparison, conventional light-frame timber shear walls and midply wall systems were also tested under the same conditions. Shear walls with edge nail spacing of 150 mm and 100 mm, the midply wall system, and the fabricated CGCLT and NGCLT wall panels exhibited maximum lateral resistances of 6.1 kN/m (100%), 9.7 kN/m (158%), 16.9 kN/m (274%), 29.6 kN/m (482%), and 35.8 kN/m (582%), respectively.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a Polarus humeral nail for treatment of a humeral shaft fracture according to fracture types. Methods: From 43 patients, 13 were excluded and 30 patients were included. The 30 patients were divided into 2 groups: 15 in group I (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Osteosynthesefragen classification type A and B) and 15 in group II (type C). The mean age was 63.1 years (range, 20-87 years), and mean follow-up period was 2.3 years (range, 1.0-6.1 years). The causes of injuries were as follows: 12, traffic accidents; 14, simple slips; 2, simple falls; 2, contusions after lower energy trauma. Radiological and clinical evaluations were performed. Results: Radiological union was confirmed by plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs on average of 5.0 months in group I, and 8.4 months in group II, respectively. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). The clinical union value was 1.6 in group I, and 2.0 months in group II, but these values did not differ significantly (p=0.441). The mean Korean shoulder scoring system scores were 89.7 and 90.6, which did not differ significantly (p=0.352). Conclusions: Intramedullary nailing using the Polarus humeral nail is considered to be a good treatment modality for all types of humeral shaft fractures. Additionally, the Polarus humeral nail can be an optimal choice for the treatment of complex type fractures such as segmental or comminuted humeral shaft fractures.