• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1972

Over 90 of lysine producing auxotrophs were obtained from Corynebacterium sp. S-27-12, Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 15168 and Micrococcus glutamicus ATCC 13032 by UV light, $Co^{60}$ irradiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. One of the mutant, Brev. flavum U46-N59, was identified as a leucine auxotroph and accumulated lysine during flask (500 ml) cultivation (180 strokes/min.) up to 21.6 mg per ml of broth at pH 7.5 and $28^{\circ}C$ after 4 days. The medium consisted of glucose, 100; urea, 10; corn steep liquor, 40; $KH_2PO_4,\;2;\;K_2HPO_4,\;0.5;\; MgSO_4.\;7H_2O,\;0.4;\;antifoam\;S-57,\;1g;\;Fe_2(SO_4)_3.XH-2O,\;10;\; MnCl_2,\;4H_2O,\;10mg;\;biotin,\;30;\;thiamine-HCl,\;100{\mu}g$in 1l of distilled water, and 40 U/ml of penicillin was added after 36 hrs fermentation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

In the present study, effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a differentiator and proliferator of T-cells, on nuclear maturation and sperm penetration of bovine oocytes was examined in a serum-free or serum-containing medium. Basic medium was used TCM-199 supplemented with 2.2g / ι sodium bicarbonate, 100 i.u. /rnl penicillin. 100$\mu$g /ml streptomycin, 0.25$\mu$g/ml Fungizone, this medium treated with FCS and IL-2. In experiment 1, we examined the effect of the addition of 0, 1, 5, 10 or 15nM /ml IL-2 to tissue culture medium (TCM-199) on nuclear maturation of oocytes Development of oocytes to the Metaphase II (M II) stage (%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher at 1, 5,10 and 15 nM /ml IL-2(54.2, 73.5, 80.0 and 69.6%, respectively) than at 0 nM /ml IL-2(35.7%). In experiment 2, we examined the effect of the addition of l0nM /ml IL-2 or 5% FCS in oocyte maturation. Nuclear maturation rates were significantly(P<0.05) higher l0nM /ml IL-2(80%) than non-treatment(35.7%) and 5% FCS(63.6%) treatment. On the other hand, there were no significant difference in the proportion of oocytes developed to the 2-cell stage after addition of IL-2 and/or FCS. These results suggest that IL-2 supports nuclear maturation of bovine immature oocytes in vitro. Serum-free maturation system using IL-2 might be useful for evaluation of various factors on oocyte maturation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.824-829
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• 2002

New di-N-cyanomethylated tetraaza macrocycle 2.13-bis(cyanomethyl)-5.16-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[$16.4.0.0^7.12$]docosane $(L^2)$ has been prepared by the reaction of 3, 14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo $(L^1)$ with bromoacetonitrile. The square-planar complexes $[ML^2](ClO_4)_2(M=Ni(II)$ or Cu(II) can be prepared by the reaction of $L^2$ with the corresponding metal ion in acetonitrile. The cyanomethyl groups of $[ML^2](ClO_4)_2readily$ react with water to $yield[ML^3](ClO_4)_2$ containing pendant amide groups. The trans-octahedral complexes $[ML^4](ClO_4)_2$, in which two imidate ester groups are coordinated to the metal ion, can be also prepared by the reaction of $[ML^2](ClO_4)_2with$ methanol under mild conditions. The hydrolysis and alcoholysis reactions of $[ML^2](ClO_4)_2are$ promoted by the central metal ion, in spite of the fact that the cyanomethyl group is not involved in intramolecular coordination. The reactions are also promoted by a base such as triethylamine but are retarded by an $acid(HClO_4).Interestingly$, the imidate ester groups of $[ML^4]^2$ are unusually resistant to hydrolysis even in 0.1 M $HCIO_4$ or 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution. Crystal structure of $[NiL^4](ClO_4)_2shows$ that the Ni-N (pendant imidate ester group) bond is rlatively strong; the Ni-N bond distance is shorter then the Ni-N(tertiary) distance and is similar to the Ni-N (secondary) distance.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 1992

The juvenile hormone(JH) titers and juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activities were mea¬sured in larval homogenates of the chestnut gall waL,J, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, parasiting a susceptible and two resistant chestnut ( Cheuk-Pa, and Dan- Tak) varieties by GLC, Galleria wax test and Liquid scintilation counter. JH of the chestnut gall wasp was identified as JH- I. Their juvenile hormone titers were 35,800 GU/g(Cheuk-Pa), 30,900 GU/g (Dan-Tak), and 28,600 GU/g(susceptible variety). The juvenile hormone esterase activities were 1.48 n mole/min/ml(Cheuk-Pa), 1.63 n mole/min/ml(Dan- Tak), and 1.89 n mole/mini ml(susceptible variety). JH titer activity of the chestnut gall wasp parasiting resistant varie¬ties were higher than that from susceptible, whereas their JHE activity was higher in those from susceptible variety than those from resitant varieties. JH titer and JH specific esterase activity was inversely proportional.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1995

To elucidate the effects of flow rate on the hydraulic fracturing property of andesite, the hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted under three flow rates. As the tests are conducted with 1ml/min, 2ml/min and 3 ml/min under the constant axial load of 40 kN, the breakdown pressures of andesite seem to be constant as 163kg/cm$^2$. The hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out under the temperatures of five stages to elucidate the effects of temperature variation on hydraulic fracturing property of granite. As the tests are carried out under the constant flow rate of 1.7ml/min, with the axial load of 40kN, the breakdown pressures of granite are 168kg/cm$^2$ at room temperature, and 124kg/cm$^2$ at 20$0^{\circ}C$. The breakdown pressure decreases about 25% than that of room temperature with increasing the temperature. Under the controlled flow rates, the initiation pressures of the microcracks of granite are well coincided with the breakdown pressures and these results are also confirmed by the levels of acoustic emission.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 1997

The insecticidal and antibacterial activity of new synthesized carbamate derivatives(5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinolinyl-N-methylcarbamate(I), 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinolinyl-N-ethylcarbamate(II)) was examined using 0.2w/v% acetone solutions and 50 $\mu$g/ml-1000 $\mu$g/ml N,N'-dimethylformamide H$_2$O(2:3) solutions of each compounds, respectively. 1. Two carbamates exerted insectiddal effects on Sogata furcifera HORVATH, Delphacodes Striatella FAUEN and Nilaparvate lugens STAL, Whereas no significant effects were observed on the Inazuma dorasalis MOISCHIULSKY Nephateffix apicalis Cincticeps UHLER. 2. These compounds exhibited growth-inhibitory activity against Staphyloccus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella dysenteriae 1a, Escherichia coli NL 1401, at the concentration range of 100-500 $\mu$g/ml in general.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

Objectives: In order to investigate the relationship of Radix Trichosanthis components and the melanin synthesis, the author has analyzed the cell viability and tyrosinase activity, melanin content and morphologic changes in n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fraction. Methods: At first, in order to determine the concentration of the Radix Trichosanthis component, the author investigated the viability of B16 melanoma cell. To measure the effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii extracts (n-BuOH, n-Hexane, EtOAc, H2O fractions) on the viability of A549 cells, A549 cells were treated with various concentrations (from 0.5 to $25{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) of components of Trichosanthes kirilowii. After 24hrs, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The EtOAc components of Trichosanthes kirilowii decreased the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. H2O and n-BuOH components had no cell toxicity till $25{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, the n-hexane component showed minor cell toxicity at $25{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ and the EtOAc component cell toxicity was revealed at $5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. Results: 1. The results of tyrosinase activity and the Radix Trichosanthis component; n-hexane and EtOAc components controlled it effectively; the n-BuOH components were less effective. 2. The results of melanin content analysis showed that the n-hexane and EtOAc components effectively inhibited, the n-BuOH fraction inhibited less, and H2O component didn't inhibit the terminal melanin formation. 3. In the n-BuOH and H2O component there were no changes, but in the n-hexane component the melanin content was effectively inhibited. 4. In the EtOAc fraction, although the melanin content was inhibited, the cell count was evidently suppressed, Of all of the Radix Trichosanthis components, the n-Hexane and EtOAc fractions inhibited the melanin synthesis best, but owing to its toxicity, the EtOAc components inhibited the cell count. Conclusion: The above results demonstrated that Radix Trichosanthis n-hexane fraction efficiently inhibited the tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1998

Background: Tramadol administered epidurally is known to have one-thirtieth the potency of morphine for treatment of pain following abdominal surgery. We designed a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of combined epidural infusion of bupivacaine and tramadol with 2-day infusor as ompared to bupivacaine and morphine combined epidural infusion. Methods: Sixty healthy women scheduled for Cesarean delivery were assigned randomly in double- blind fashion: Group 1 (n=20) were given a mixture of morphine 10 mg(1 ml), 0.5% bupivacaine 40 ml and normal saline(NS) 40 ml; Group 2(n=20) a mixture of tramadol 300 mg(6 ml), 0.5% bupivacaine 40 ml and NS 54 ml; Group 3(n=20) or a mixture of tramadol 500 mg(10 ml), 0.5% bupivacaine 50 ml and NS 50 ml, of continuous dose via epidural route following 1% lidocaine 6 ml as bolus dose for 48 hours postoperatively. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy and side effects of these three groups using visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) and verbal rating scale (VRS). Results: VAPS of group 1 and 3 were lower than group 2, and VAPS of group 1 was lower than group 3(12, 24, 36, 48 hours). VRS of group 1 and 3 were lower than group 2 (12, 24, 36 hours). There were incidences of pruritus was 16 patients in group 1. Conclusions: Tramadol does possess the analgesia effect of morphine, but has the added analgesia following increment. Further research to determine the most effective administration method and reguired dosage of tramadol is further needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Bohyulanshin-tang on brain-derived neurotophic factor(BDNF) expression in SK-N-SH (immortalized human neuroblastoma) cell line. MTT-based cytotoxicity assay revealed that cells of 0.1 mg/ml group and 1 mg/ml group significantly increased compared with Control group. Westren blotting and RT-PCR analysis showed that Bohyulanshin-tang significantly increased BDNF mRNA expression of 0.1 mg/ml group and 1 mg/ml group compared with Control group. Another analysis revealed that Bohyulanshin-tang significantly increased BDNF expression of 0.1 mg/ml group and 1 mg/ml group compared with Control group. These results showed that cell-protective abilities and cell-proliferating effects of Bohyulanshin-tang approached that of Fluoxetine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to determine antioxidation effect and neuroblastoma cell protection effect of donkey's bone and skin extracts (DBSE). DBSE was extracted by a pressure-cooker for 48 h and lyophilized. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was significantly increased with increased doses of DBSE and 40 mg/ml of DBSE showed 95.43% of the DPPH scavenging effect, which was equivalent to 1 mg/ml of vitamin C. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner, and 20 mg/ml of DBSE showed 88.73% of the ABTS scavenging effect. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (${\mu}M$ Trolox equivalent) of DBSE was significantly increased at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, which showed $132.53{\mu}M$ TE. The viability of oxidatively stressed brain cells induced by $500{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$ was protected by DBSE at concentrations greater than $50{\mu}M$. Cell viability after DBSE treatment at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 53.78 and $54.34{\mu}M$ TE, respectively. There was no significant difference between both doses; however, 200 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of DBSE showed 59.74 and 66.08% of cell viability, respectively indicating that DBSE protected SK-N-SH from oxidation stress. These results suggest that DBSE may have potential to be used as natural antioxidants in food industry, while in vivo evidence is necessary to support DBSE's in vitro-based antioxidative efficiency.