• 제목/요약/키워드: n-butyric acid

검색결과 195건 처리시간 0.026초

Production of Auxins and Auxin-like Compounds by Ginseng Growth-promoting Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens KGPP 207

  • Ten, Leonid N.;Lee, Mi Ja;Lee, Mee-Kyoung;Park, Hoon;Yoon, Jong Hyuk
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.264-268
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    • 2000
  • High activity of acidic ethylacetate extract from the culture supernatant of ginseng growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens KGPP 207 and its fractions were demonstrated through wheat coleoptile bioassay. The following auxins and auxin-like compounds were identified in these fractions by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid methyl and ethyl ester, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-lactic acid and its methyl ester, indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid methyl and ethyl ester, phenyl acetic acid and its methyl ester. The bacterium KGPP 207 belongs to the strain of P. fluorescens which produces plant growth regulators and its beneficial effect on the ginseng growth may be due to the formation of the identified compounds.

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나무딸기(복분자(覆盆子)) 과즙색소(果汁色素) Anthocyanin의 안정성(安定性)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Stability of Anthocyanin Pigment from Juice of Raspberries)

  • 박정미;주광지
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 1982
  • 나무딸기 과즙으로부터 추출한 anthocyanin 색소의 안정성에 관하여 pH, 온도, 유기산, 무기염, 금속이온 등에 대한 영향을 검토한 결과 특히 유기산과 무기염에 의하여 농색화 효과를 나타내었고 또한 지속적인 안정성을 가지므로 이를 관찰하여 보고한다. (1) 상온에서 pH 1$\sim$7의 완충용액에 나무딸기 과즙 색소 anthocyanin을 가하였을 때 초기흡광도는 pH가 낮을수록 높았으며 7일간 저장 중 색소의 분해속도는 pH 1과 2가 과즙색소의 pH인 3.7보다 더 빨랐다. 총색소의 잔존량은 pH 7.0 에서 가장 낮았고 pH 3.7에서 가장 많았다. (2) 온도에 대한 영향은 $40^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 후 색소 잔존율은 약 28%, $5^{\circ}C$에서 약 70%로써 온도가 낮을수록 색소잔존율이 높았다. (3) 유기산 첨가시 흡광도 변화는 첨가농도 증가와 함께 색소액의 흡광도가 증대되었으며 그 순위는 formic acid>acetic acid>n-butyric acid>propionic acid로 나타났다. Formic acid의 농색화 효과는 40일 저장후 무첨가구보다 약 10.3배이며 tartaric acid 약 4배, malic acid 약 3.9배, citric acid 약 3.8배 등의 순으로 농색화가 관찰되어졌다. (4) 무기염 첨가농도에 따른 anthocyanin의 농색화 효과의 순위는 sodium perchlorate>sodium sulfate>sodium chloride>sodium phosphate, monobasic로 나타났다. (5) 금속이온에 의하여 색소용액은 저장 5일에 크게 감소되었으며 저장중 $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$의 감소율이 가장 컸으며 $Fe^{2+}$은 비교적 감소율이 작았다.

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Development of a new lactic acid bacterial inoculant for fresh rice straw silage

  • Kim, Jong Geun;Ham, Jun Sang;Li, Yu Wei;Park, Hyung Soo;Huh, Chul-Sung;Park, Byung-Chul
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제30권7호
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    • pp.950-956
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    • 2017
  • Objective: Effects of newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation and chemical composition of fresh rice straw silage was evaluated in this study. Methods: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from good crop silage were screened by growing them in MRS broth and a minimal medium with low carbohydrate content. Selected LAB (LAB 1821) were Gram-positive, rods, catalase negative, and were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum based on their biochemical characteristics and a 16S rRNA analysis. Fresh rice straw was ensiled with two isolated LAB (1821 and 1841), two commercial inoculants (HM/F and P1132) and no additive as a control. Results: After 2 months of storage at ambient temperature, rice straw silages treated with additives were well-preserved, the pH values and butyric and acetic acid contents were lower, and the lactic acid content and lactic/acetic acid ratio were higher than those in the control (p<0.05). Acidity (pH) was lowest, and lactic acid highest, in 1821-treated silage (p<0.05). The $NH_3-N$ content decreased significantly in inoculant-treated silage (p<0.05) and the $NH_3-N$ content in 1821-treated silage was lowest among the treatments. The dry matter (DM) content of the control silage was lower than that of fresh rice straw (p<0.05), while that of the 1841- and p1174-inoculant-treated silages was significantly higher than that of HM/F-treated silage. Microbial additives did not have any significant (p>0.05) effect on acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber contents. Crude protein (CP) content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) increased after inoculation of LAB 1821 (p<0.05). Conclusion: LAB 1821 increased the CP, IVDMD, lactic acid content and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in rice straw silage and decreased the pH, acetic acid, $NH_3-N$, and butyric acid contents. Therefore, adding LAB 1821 improved the fermentation quality and feed value of rice straw silage.

곶감주 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on Wine-Making with Dried Persimmon Produced in Korea)

  • 우강융;이수학
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.204-212
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    • 1994
  • 곶감중 당은 주로 glucose, fructose, mannose였다. 당도 조절을 위하여 가한 sucrose는 즉시 단당류로 분해되었다. Glucose는 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효의 경우 발효 8일째 거의 발효가 완료되었으나 $15^{\circ}C$ 경우 75% 정도 발효되었다. 발효속도는 발효온도에 관계없이 glucose>fructose>mannose 순이었다. 곶감에서 검출된 유기산은 acetic acid, levulinic acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, oxalic acid, N-butyric acid, succinic acid 등이었고 발효온도에 관계없이 발효초기에 감소하다 4일, 6일째 증가후 다시 감소하는 경향이었다. Levulinic acid는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 가장 급격히 감소하였다. Acetic acid와 4-methylvaleric acid는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 증가하였다. 유리 아미노산은 Ala, Gly, Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Ser, Pro, Phe, Asp, Hyp, Glu, Asn, Lys, Gln, Arg, His, Trp, Tyr 등 19가지가 검출되었다. 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 발효온도에 관계없이 발효 2일까지는 감소하다가 다시 증가하여 2주에서 원료용액과 같은 수준이었다. Ethanol함량은 발효 8일째까지는 $25^{\circ}C$우 9.4%(v/v), $15^{\circ}C$ 발효의 경우는 5.3%(v/v)였으나 12주째에는 $25^{\circ}C$ 경우 9.4%(v/v), $15^{\circ}C$ 경우 14.5%(v/v)로 $15^{\circ}C$ 경우가 알코올함량이 높았다. 고급 알코올은 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol 등이 0.001%(v/v)에서 0.06%(v/v) 범위에서 검출되었고 발효기간의 경과에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다.

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An Efficient In vitro Propagation of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.

  • Hwang, Sung-Jin;Hwang, Baik
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.316-320
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    • 2003
  • A protocol is described for rapid multiplication of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (Rutaceae), an important aromatic and medicinal plant, through shoot-tip explant cultures. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of N-6-benzyladenine (BA), N-6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ), in single or in combination with ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA), was used to determine the rate of shoot proliferation. N-6-benzyladenine (BA) used at 0.5mg/l, was the most effective in initiating multiple shoot proliferation at the rate of 23 microshoots per shoot-tip explants after 40 days of culture. Shoot multiplication increased 1.2-fold in each successive subculture. Induction of rooting (98%) was achieved by transferring the shoots to the same basal medium containing 2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets went through a hardening phase in a controlled growth chamber, prior to in vivo transfer. These results represented that possible application for the mass production of plantlets through in vitro culture system of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC.

야생 돌복숭아 씨와 과육의 아미노산 및 지방산 조성에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions in the Seed and Pulpy Substance of Feral Peach (Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max.))

  • 김한수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 2007
  • 우리나라 전역에서 자생하는 야생 돌복숭아(Prunus persica Batsch var, davidiana Max.)의 씨와 과육 중의 각종 생리활성 물질을 규명하여 바이오헬스 기능성 소재 등의 자원으로서 이용 가능성을 검토하기 위한 자료로, 돌복숭아 씨와 과육 중의 일반성분, 구성 총 아미노산, 유리 아미노산 및 지질 구성 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돌복숭아 씨 및 과육 중의 일반성분 함량은 탄수화물이 63.92% 와 75.11%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 조단백질 27.85%, 12.77%, 수분 3.61%, 4.69%, 조지 방이 1.21%, 4.80% 그리고 조회분이 3.41%와 2.63% 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 돌복숭아 씨 중의 구성 총 아미노산의 함량은 3,444.35 mg%로 이 중 aspartic acid가 681.10 mg%, glutamic acid 495.48 mg%, alanine 283.66 mg%, serine 251.36 mg%, proline 229.80 mg%, lysine 192.31 mg% 및 leucine이 191.34 mg%의 순으로 조성되어 있었으며, 특히 aspartic acid 및 glutamic acid가 대부분을 차지하였다. 돌복숭아 과육의 단백질 구성 아미노산 조성의 총 함량은 1,064.02 mg%로, aspartic acid 250.15 mg%, glutamic acid는 129.63 mg%로 과육의 주요 총 아미노산이었고 lysine, proline, leucine, alanine, serine 등의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 돌복숭아 씨 중 유리 아미노산 조성의 총 함량은 6,215.34 mg%로, 이 중 glutamic acid가 827.25 mg%로 가장 많았으며, threonine, valine, $\beta-aminobutyric$ acid 등의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 과육 중의 유리 아미노산 조성의 총 함량은 683.82 mg%로, glutamic acid(339.49 mg%)가 대부분 이었으며, serine, proline, alanine, $\gamma-amino-n-butyric$ acid의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 지질 구성 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 12.49%, 단불포화지방산 13.11% 및 다불포화지방산이 74.36%의 함유비율을 보였으며, 필수지방산인 n-6계 linoleic acid$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 대부분을 차지하였다. 야생 돌복숭아 과육 중의 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 16.74%, 단불포화지방산 17.51% 및 다불포화지방산이 65.73%의 함유 비율을 보였는데, 이 중 다불포화지방산인 n-6계 linoleic acid$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 지질 구성 총 지방산의 대부분을 차지하는 함유 비율을 나타내었다.

P3HT:PCBM-based on Polymer Photovoltaic Cells with PEDOT:PSS-pentacene as a Hole Conducting Layer

  • Kim, Hyun-Soo;Hwang, Jong-Won;Park, Su-Jin;Chae, Hyun-Hee;Choe, Young-Son
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.313-313
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    • 2010
  • The performance of polymer photovoltaic cells based on blends of poly(3-hexylyhiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is strongly influenced by blend composition and thickness. Polymer photovoltaic cells based on bulk-heterojunction have been fabricated with a structure of ITO/poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-pentacene/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Al. We have prepared PEDOT:PSS by dissolving pentacene in N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) and mixing with PEDOT:PSS. Pentacene was added a maximum concentration of approximately 5.5mg to the PEDOT:PSS solution and sonicated for 10 min. Active layer (P3HT:PCBM) (1:1) was strongly influenced by PEDOT:PSS-pentacene. We have investigated the performance of photovoltaic device with different concentration of P3HT:PCBM (1:1) 2.0wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt% and 2.6wt%, respectively. The photocurrent and power conversion efficiency (PCE) showed a maximum between 2.0wt% and 2.2wt% concentration of P3HT:PCBM. This implied that both morphology and electron transport properties of the layer influenced the performance of the present photovoltaic cells. As the concentration of P3HT:PCBM blends as an active layer was increased, the power conversion efficiency was decreased. P3HT:PCBM layer and PEDOT:PSS-pentacene layer were characterized by work function, UV-visible absorption, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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하이브리드 태양전지 제작에 있어서 유기물의 후열처리 온도에 따른 단락전류밀도의 변화 (The Changes of Short Circuit Current Density according to the Post-annealing Temperature of Organic Materials in the Hybrid Photovoltaics)

  • 권동오;신민정;안형수;이삼녕
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.81-85
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 Poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)과 GaN를 이용하여 유무기 하이브리드 광전변환소자를 제작함에 있어서, P3HT:PCBM 활성층의 열처리가 소자의 단락전류밀도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았으며 이때 유기물의 농도와 혼합비율을 달리 하였다. 유기물 각각의 층을 코팅하여 층을 만들 때마다 열처리 한 경우, 즉 pre-annealing샘플과 pre-annealing 과정을 거쳐 제작된 소자 전체를 한 번 더 열처리하여 즉 post-annealing까지 행한 샘플을 비교하였다. 그 결과 post-annealing한 샘플이 더 높은 단락전류밀도의 값을 가졌고 이때 P3HT와 PCBM은 1wt%와 1:1 혼합비율에서 좋은 열처리 효과를 나타내었다.

A Test of Relative Removal Properties of Various Offensive Odors by Zeolite

  • Adelodun, Adedeji A.;Vellingiri, Kowsalya;Jeon, Byong-Hun;Oh, Jong-Min;Kumar, Sandeep;Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.15-28
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    • 2017
  • The adsorptive removal properties of synthetic A4 zeolite were investigated against a total of 16 offensive odors consisting of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), nitrogenous compounds (NCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and phenols/indoles (PnI). Removal of these odors was measured using a laboratory-scale impinger-based adsorption setup containing 25 g of the zeolite bed (flow rate of $100mL\;min^{-1}$). The high est and lowest breakthrough (%) values were shown for PnIs and RSCs, respectively, and the maximum and minimum adsorption capacity (${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) of the zeolite was observed for the RSCs (range of 0.77-3.4) and PnIs (0.06-0.104), respectively. As a result of sorptive removal by zeolite, a reduction in odor strength, measured as odor intensity (OI), was recorded from the minimum of approximately 0.7 OI units (indole [from 2.4 to 1.6]), skatole [2.2 to 1.4], and p-cresol [5.1 to 4.4]) to the maximum of approximately 4 OI units (methanethiol [11.4 to 7.5], n-valeric acid [10.4 to 6.5], i-butyric acid [7.9 to 4.4], and propionic acid [7.2 to 3.7]). Likewise, when removal was examined in terms of odor activity value (OAV), the extent of reduction was significant (i.e., 1000-fold) in the increasing order of amy acetate, i-butyric acid, phenol, propionic acid, and ammonia.

버섯첨가된장의 맛성분 조성 (The Taste Components Composition in Various Mushrooms-Added Korean Soybean Paste (Doenjang))

  • 이경임;권선진;문란주
    • 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensory characteristics and the taste components of Korean soybean paste (doenjang) with mushrooms such as Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus Lentinus. edodes doenjang turned out to have a good taste, odor and color, but Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus liteus doenjang were worse than control doenjang in the taste, odor and color as well as in sensory evaluation. The contents of amino type nitrogen were higher in Lentinus edodes and Phellinus liteus doenjang than in control doenjang. Of organic acids, succinic acid was the most abundant and Ganoderma lucidum doenjang had a little higher acetic, butyric and propionic acid. Fructose and glucose were detected as free sugar of mushroom doenjang, of which glucose was considerably contained in Ganoderma lucidum doenjang, Total contents of free amino acid were 2.247 ∼ 2.833mg/100g in doenjangs added mushrooms. Glutamic acid and alanine were dominant in mushroom doenjangs.