• Electronic Materials Letters
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.749-754
• /
• 2018

Previous studies have reported on the mechanical robustness and chemical stability of flexible amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) on plastic substrates both in flat and curved states. In this study, we investigate how the polyimide (PI) substrate affects hydrogen concentration in the a-IGZO layer, which subsequently influences the device performance and stability under bias-temperature-stress. Hydrogen increases the carrier concentration in the active layer, but it also electrically deactivates intrinsic defects depending on its concentration. The influence of hydrogen varies between the TFTs fabricated on a glass substrate to those on a PI substrate. Hydrogen concentration is 5% lower in devices on a PI substrate after annealing, which increases the hysteresis characteristics from 0.22 to 0.55 V and also the threshold voltage shift under positive bias temperature stress by 2 ${\times}$ compared to the devices on a glass substrate. Hence, the analysis and control of hydrogen flux is crucial to maintaining good device performance and stability of a-IGZO TFTs.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.872-876
• /
• 1997

(1-x)CaTi $O_{3}$-xLa(Z $n_{1}$2/ $Ti_{1}$2/) $O_{3}$의 마이크로 유전특성을 조사하였다. x가 증가함에 따라 비유전율과 공진주파수의 온도계수는 감소하였으며, Qㆍ $f_{0}$는 증가하였다. 그 결과 x=0.5인 (C $a_{0.5}$L $a_{0.5}$)( $Ti_{0.75}$Z $n_{0.25}$) $O_{3}$의 조성에서 $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=51, Qㆍ $f_{0}$=38,000 (at 7 GHz), $\tau$$_{f}$=+5ppm/$^{\circ}C$의 유전특성이 나타났다. (C $a_{0.5}$L $a_{0.5}$)( $Ti_{0.75}$Z $n_{0.25}$) $O_{3}$조성의 소결온도를 저하시키기 위하여 B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$를 주조성으로한 소결체를 첨가하여 소결 및 유전특성을 조사하였다. 1wt% 0.76B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$-0.24NiO가 첨가된 경우 소결온도는 15$0^{\circ}C$ 낮아졌으며, 비유전율 ($\varepsilon$$_{r}$), 공진주파수의 온도계수($\tau$$_{f}$), Qㆍ $f_{0}$가 각각 50+5ppm/$^{\circ}C$, 35,000인 마이크로파 유전특성이 얻어졌다. 또한 3wt%의 0.76B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$-0.24NiO가 첨가된 경우 소결온도는 20$0^{\circ}C$ 저하되었고, 비유전율 ($\varepsilon$$_{r}$)과 공진주파수의 온도계수 ($\tau$$_{f}$)는 변하기 않았으나, Qㆍ $f_{0}$값이 38,000에서 25,000으로 저하되었다. 25,000으로 저하되었다.되었다.되었다.되었다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 2005

Five Cu(II) compounds were obtained from different copper salts with btp ligands, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of coordination polymer 2 contains btp-bridged tetranuclear Cu(II) units weakly connected by nitrate ions, and the structure of a discrete Cu(II) molecule 1 contains acetates and btp ligands. With perchlorate anions, two btp ligands bridge Cu(II) ions to form a double zigzag chain 3, while a single zigzag chain 4 is created with sulfate anions. The reaction of $Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$ containing $NH_{4}PF_{6}$ with btp ligands also produced a polymeric compound 5 containing $Cu(H_{2}O)_{2}^{2+}$ and $Cu(NO_{3})_{2}$ units alternatively bridged by btp ligands with H-bonds between copper bonded water and nitrate oxygen atoms. Five Zn(II) compounds were obtained from different zinc salts with btp ligands, and the structures of polymeric compounds (6, 7 and 8) and monomeric compounds (9 and 10) were determined by X-ray crystallography. With nitrate, chloride and bromide anions, btp ligands bridge Zn(II) ions to form polymeric compounds (6, 7 and 8), but btp ligands coordinate to a Zn(II) ion to form monomeric complexes (9 and 10) with $PF_{6}^{-}$ and perchlorate anions. Four silver salts and btp ligands produced two kinds of structures, dinuclear 20-membered rings and one-dimensional zigzag chain depending on different anions. For $ClO_{4}^{-}$ and OTf anions, weak interactions between Ag(I) and anions make dinuclear 20-membered rings construct polymeric compounds (11 and 13). For $PF_{6}^{-}$ anion, there are also weak interactions between Ag(I) and $F(PF_{6}^{-})(12)$, but they do not construct a polymeric compound. For $O_{2}CCF_{3}^{-}$ anion, btp ligands bridge Ag(I) atoms to make one-dimensional zigzag chain (14), and there are also interactions between Ag(I) and anions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.2419-2422
• /
• 2014

The syntheses and crystal structures of a three-dimensional (3D) coordination network $[Zn_4(2-mBIM)_5-(C_2H_6NCOO)(HCOO)({\mu}-OH)]{\cdot}DMF$ ($1{\cdot}$DMF; 2-mBIM = 2-methylbenzimidazolate) and a two-dimensional (2D) layer $[Zn_2(2-mBIM)_3(HCOO)(H_2O)]{\cdot}DMF$ ($2{\cdot}DMF$) are reported. Different structures were produced depending on the ratio of reactants. Structurally, 1 illustrates the formation of a unique framework based on a 2-mBIM bridge with the side group on an imidazole ring, while 2 possesses a honeycomb layer built up purely from imidazolates. For gas sorption, $CO_2$ is adsorbed on the activated phase of 1 but $N_2$ is not taken up.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.653-656
• /
• 1997

The new unsymmetric $N_6$ ligand 1-amino-13-(2-pyridyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraazatridecane (aptatd) containing one pyridyl group has been synthesized and characterized by EA, IR, and NMR. Its proton association constants $(log K_H^n)$ and stability constants $(log K_{ML})$ for Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Zn(Ⅱ) ions were determined at 298.1 K and ionic strength 0.100 mol $dm^{-3}$ (KNO₃) in aqueous solution by potentiometry: log $K_H^1$=8.80, log $K_H^2$=8.49, log $K_H^3$=6.84, log $K_H^4$=4.17, log $K_H^5$=3.47; log $K_{ML}(Co^{2+})$=18.00, log $K_{ML}(Ni^{2+})$=21.31, log $K_{ML}(Cu^{2+})$=23.62, log $K_{ML}(Zn^{2+})$=15.60. The X-ray structure of its nickel(Ⅱ) complex [Ni(aptatd)]$(ClO_4)_2$ are reported: orthorhombic space group Pbca, a=15.715(1) Å, b=14.280(2) Å, c=19.443(2) Å, V=4363.4 (9) ų with Z=8. The geometry around nickel is a distorted octahedron with the pyridine nitrogen atom being cis to the nitrogen atom of the terminal primary amine.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.309-325
• /
• 2004

The Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, northwest Queensland, Australia developed around the host rocks composing banded and migmatitic gneisses, sillimanite-garnet schist and amphibolite. Three crystal habits of sillimanite, gahnite (Zn-spinel) and garnet porphyroblasts occurred on the host rocks of the Cannington deposit could be used to delineate metamorphism that closely associated with Zn-mineralization in the deposit. Linkages the metamorphism to Zinc-mineralization is determined in four chemical systems, KFMASH (K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-Al$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$), KFMASHTO (K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-Al$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$-TiO$_2$-Fe$_2$O$_3$), NCKFMASH (Na$_2$O-CaO-K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-AlO$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$) and MnNCK-FMASH (MnO-Na$_2$O-CaO-K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-AlO$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$), using THERMOCALC program (version 3.1; Powell and Holland 1988). Partial melting in MnNCKFMASH and NCKFMASH systems occurs at lower temperature than in the KFMASH and KFMASHTO systems. The partial melting temperature decreases with increasing of Na/(Na+Ca+K) of the bulk rock compositions in the MnNCKFMASH system. The host rocks have melted ca 15 vol.% in the MnNCKFMASH system at peak metamorphic conditions (634$\pm$62$^{\circ}C$ and 4.8$\pm$1.3 kbar), but partial melting have not occurred in KFMASHTO system. Based on calculations of sillimanite isograd in different systems and sillimanite modal pro-portion, prismatic and rhombic sillimanite and gahnite porphyroblasts including prismatic sillimanite inclusion probably have resulted from pressure and temperature increasing through partial melting (from 550～$600^{\circ}C$, 2.0～3.0 kbar to 700～75$0^{\circ}C$, 5.0～7.0 kbar), furthermore have experienced N-S then W-E crustal shortening during D$_1$ and D$_2$ deformation. Consequently, Zinc mineralization related to gahnite growth occurred during D$_2$ and was redistributed and upgraded by partial melting and retrograde metamorphism into structural and rheological sites during shearing in D$_3$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.810-814
• /
• 2000

The open-chain hexadentate $N_4$, $O_2$ ligands 1, 15-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 6, 10, 14-tetraazapentadecane (BSATPD. 4HCl) has been synthesized as its tetrahydro-chloride salt and characterized by EA, IR, NMR, and Mass spectrum. Its protonation constants ($logK_n{^H}$) and stability constants ($logK_{ML}$) for $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ ions were determined in aqueous solution by potentiometry and compared with those of analogous $N_4$, $O_2$ ligands contain ethtylenic spacers or propylenic spacers, which make six-membered chelate rings between the aliphatic nitrogen atoms.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.421-435
• /
• 2012

Novel $N_2O_2$ tetradentate ligands, H-3BPD and H-2BPD were synthesized. Hydrochloric acid salts of Br-3BPD, Cl-3BPD, Br-2BPD and Cl-2BPD having Br and Cl substituents at the $para$ position of the phenol hydroxyl group, were synthesized. The ligands were characterized by C. H. N atomic analysis, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, UV-visible, and mass spectra. The proton dissociation constants ($logK_n{^H}$) of the phenol hydroxyl group and secondary amine of the synthesized $N_2O_2$ ligands were shown by four step wise values. The orders of the calculated overall proton dissociation constants ($log{\beta}_p$) were Br-3BPD < Cl-3BPD < H-3BPD in case of 3BPD and Br-2BPD < Cl-2BPD < H-2BPD in case of 2BPD respectively. The order agreed well with that of $para$ Hammett substituent constants(${\delta}_p$). The stability constants($logK_{ML}$) of the complexes between the synthesized ligands and transition metal(II) ions agreed with the order of $log{\beta}_p$ of the ligands. The order of the $logK_{ML}$ value of the each transition metal (II) ion was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II), which agreed well with that of Iriving-Williams series.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 1999

$Ni_{0.65}Zn_{0.35}Cu_{0.3}Fe_{1.7}O_4$ has been studied with x-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The crystal structure is found to be a cubic spinel with the lattice constant $a_0=8.403{\AA}$. Mossbauer spectra of have been taken at various temperatures ranging from 12 K to 665 K. as the temperature increases toward $T_N$ a systematic line broadening effect in the Mossbauer spectrum is observed and interpreted to originate from different temperature dependencies of the magenetic hyperfine fields at various iron sites. Also, by using binomial distribution equation we obtained the hyperfine fields of tetrahedral[A] and octahedral sites[B], $H_{hf}(A)=470\;kOe,\; H_{hf}(B0)=495 \;kOe,\; H_{hf}(B1)=485\;kOe, \;H_{hf}(B2)=453\;kOe,\; H_{hf}(B3)=424\;kOe,\; H_{hf}(B4)=390\;kOe,\; H_{hf}(Bavr)=451\;kOe$ respectively at room temperature. The isomer shift indicates that the iron ions are ferric at tetrahedral[A] and octahedral sites[B], respectively. The Neel temperature is determined to be $T_N=665\;K$. The results of the VSM data gave the magnetic moment and coercivity values of $M_S=66\; emu/g\;and\;H_C=36\;Oe$.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.455-459
• /
• 2002

The transport and optical properties of $In_2O_3$:Zn(IZO) thin films grown by DC magnetron sputtering deposition have been studied. The deposition temperatures ($T_s$) were varied from room temperature to $400^{\circ}C$ in $50^{\circ}C$ steps. The IZO films are an amorphous phase for $T_s$<$300^{\circ}C$ and polycrystalline phase for $350^{\circ}C$＜$T_s$. In contrast to ordinary films, amorphous IZO films have lower resistivity and higher optical transmittance than polycrystalline IZO films. The resistivity of amorphous IZO was in the range of 0.29~0.4 m$\Omega$cm and that of polycrystalline IZO was in the range of 1~4 m$\Omega$cm. The carrier type for IZO film was found to be n-type, and the carrier density, was $3~5{\times}10^{20}/cm^3$. The Hall mobility, $({\mu}_H)$, was 20~$50\textrm{cm}^2$/V.sec. The predominant scattering mechanisms in both amorphous and polycrystalline IZO films were believed to be ionized impurity scattering and lattice scattering. The visible transmittance of the IZO films, which decreases with an increase of TS, was above 80%.