• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1537-1543
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• 2004

본 연구는 아마인유와 채종유내에 들어있는 n-3 지방산의 돈육내 축적효과를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종 수퇘지(체중 50 kg) 12마리를 이용하여서 4가지 실험사료중 한가지를 급여하였으며 실험사료는 우지, 아마인유, 채종유 또는 아마인유와 채종유의 혼합유를 함유하였다. 110 kg 시판 체중 도달시에 희생하였다. 아마인유와 채종유속에 들어있는 n-3 지방산은 돼지의 일당증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료 효율에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈액 포화지방산 함량은 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았고 아마인유 첨가구, 채종유 첨가구 또는 혼합유 첨가구는 우지 첨가구보다 11.84%~16.54% 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액 n-3 지방산 함량은 우지 첨가구에서는 거의 검출되지 않았으나 아마인유 첨가구, 채종유 첨가구 또는 혼합유 첨가구는 우지 첨가구보다 4.68%~12.83% 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). n-3 고도불포화지방산을 함유하는 3가지 지질 급원 모두는 우지 첨가구에 비교하여 돼지고기 삼겹살 내 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(18:3n-3) 함량을 9.43%까지 유의적으로 높였다(p<0.05). 아마인유 또는 채종유 급여는 삼겹살내 n-3:n-6 비율을 0.68로 높였으며 고도불포화지방산 :포화지방산 비율은 0.70으로 증가시켰다. 결론적으로 아마인유와 채종유 급여에 의해 n-3지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 돈육을 생산할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.555-560
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the fees mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of liver and brain tissue, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-Dawley for 4 weeks . In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid, saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were rich in the phopholiipide and cholesteryl ester fraction. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were rich in the triglyceride fraction and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents were rich in the phospholipid fraction. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions, according as the contents of mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased , n -3 PUFA contents tended to decrease and n-6 PUFA contents tended to increase. Fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipd, PUFA contents (40%) were rich and according as the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, the ratio on n-3/n-6 PUFA and eicosapentaenoid acid (EPA) /arachidonic acid (AA) tended to slightly decrease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1994

This study was conducted to evaluate dietary fat intake and its effect on the plasma lipids and fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells(RBC) in 96 healthy Korean female college student. Three-day food intakes were recorded, and fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride. Fatty acid compositions were determined in plasma and RBC membrane. Oleic acid was the most abundant in diet, followed by palmitic and linoleic acids. Mean daily intake of cholesterol was 219$\pm$127mg, mean plasma cholesterol was 160$\pm$24mg/이 and mean plasma triglyceride was 68$\pm$25mg/dl. Plasma fatty acids were mostly composed of linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids, while palmitic, stearic and arachidonic acids were high in RBC membrane. Plasma triglyceride showed positive correlation with BMI. Among dietary fatty acids, arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA showed negative correlation with plasma total cholesterol. Plasma triglyceride levels were negatively correlated with dietary arachidonic acid, plasma n-6 fatty acids and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary EPA and DHA levels were positively correlated with plasma EPA, dietary n-3/n-6 ratio were positively correlated with plasma n-3 fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratio. Highly significant correlations were shown between the levels in plasma and RBC for several fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1248-1255
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid composition in Nellore cows supplemented with either linseed (n-3) or canola grains (n-6 and n-9). Fifteen Nellore cows, aged five years and bodyweight 550 kg${\pm}$48 kg, were randomly distributed to the following treatments: CON (control), LIN (linseed) and CAN (canola grains). The cows were fed for 80 days. The concentrations of C18:0, C18:2 n-6 and C20:3 n-6 fatty acid were higher (p<0.10) in CON blood plasma in comparison to follicular liquid. Likewise, PUFA, n-6 contents, PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios were higher (p<0.10) in blood plasma. On the other hand, C18:1 n-9, C22:5 n-3, MUFA and n-3 contents were lower (p<0.10) in blood plasma. C18:0, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C22:5 n-3, PUFA, n-6, n-3 contents and PUFA:SFA ratio were higher (p<0.10) in LIN blood plasma than in the follicular liquid. Nevertheless, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1 n-7, PUFA, C16:0, C18:1 n-9 and MUFA contents were lower (p<0.10) in LIN blood plasma. On treatment CAN, the C18:0 and SFA contents, and n-6:n-3 ratios were higher (p<0.10) in blood plasma. However, C20:3 n-6, C22:5 n-3, PUFA and n-3 contents were lower (p<0.10) in blood plasma. C16:0, C18:0, PUFA, SFA contents and PUFA:SFA ratio did not differ (p>0.10) among the treatments. C14:0, C16:1 n-7, C18:2 n-6 and n-6 contents were higher (p<0.10) for CON and CAN than LIN. C17:1 n-7, C20:4 n-6 and C 22:0 contents were higher (p<0.10) for CAN than CON and LIN. C18:1 n-9, C18:3 n-3, MUFA and n-3 contents were higher (p<0.10) for LIN and CAN than CON. C20:3 n-6 content and n-6:n-3 ratio were higher (p<0.10) for CON than LIN and CAN. C22:5 n-3 content were higher (p<0.10) for CON and LIN than CAN. The concentrations of fatty acids in blood plasma and follicular liquid were not correlated for any fatty acid, independent of the treatment studied. Canola grain added to the diet of Nellore cows resulted in increased concentrations of fatty acids n-6 and n-3 in follicular liquid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1997

This study was aimed at examining the pattern of dietary fat intake of 120 university female students living in Kongju city in order to provide baseic data for establishing the dietary grideline of desirable fat intake. The subjects were divided into three groups according to living arrangenment ; family home(FH), or dormitory(DM), or self-boarding house(SB). Fat consumption of subjects was surveyed by two-day food records, and profiles of fatty acid and cholesterol taken were calculated based upon the data reported their contents of foods. The result was that mean daily fat intake was 42$\pm$2g for FH, 48$\pm$4g for DM and 41$\pm$3g for SB. The calorie intake by fat was 20.8, 21.5, and 20.4% respectively. The ratio of P/M/S was 1.3/1.7/1 for FH, 1.3/1.6/1 for DM and 1, .5/1.5/1 for SB. And the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acid was 5.2/1 for FH, 8.3/1 for DM and 7.2/1 for SB. Daily cholesterol intake was 208$\pm$20mg for FH, 223$\pm$29mg for DM and 251$\pm$27mg for SB. In addition, intake of n-3 fatty acid was 1.2$\pm$0.2g for FH, 0.9$\pm$0.1g for DM and 1.2$\pm$0.2g for DB. Considering the food source of fatty acids, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid were taken primarily from animal foods, especially milk and milk products, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid was taken from vegetable oils and fats. As a major source of n-3 fatty acid, linolenic acid was obtained through vegetable oils and fats, and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were provided by fishes and their products. There patterns of fatty acid intakes did not differ according to living arrangement. The above results showed that intakes of fat and cholesterol, and ratios of P/M/S and n-6/n-3 fatty acid were overall desirable in all groups. However, intake of n-3 fatty acid was low in all groups. Therefore, consumption of perilla oil, legumes and fishes as a source of n-3 fatty acid should be increased by substituting other food source which provide fats and oils because calorie intake by fat was enough in these subject.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.647-653
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of dietary fiber (DF), compositions of fatty acids in lipid fraction and amino acids in salt-soluble protein from the functional food source such as Platycodi radix, perilla seed, evening primrose seed and aloe vera. The contents of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber (N.D.F) , acid detergent fiber( A.D.F) . kignin, hemicellulose an dcellulose in evening primorse seed were higher than those of other samples, except the content of cellulose .The ration of polyunsaturated /saturated (P/S) fatty acid in total lipids was 6.31 in perilla seed, which was higher than those of other samples. The content of linolenic acid (n-3) in perilla seed was 55.47%. The content of linoleic acid (n-6) in evening primrose seed was 71.88% , which was higher than those of other samples. The fatty acid composition in neutral lipids were the same as those of total lipids. The PUFA contents of fatty acid in glycolipids were 61.76% in perilla seed. And also, the ratio of n-6/n-3 in evening primrose seed was 15.19. The fatty acid compositions in phospholipids were the sameas those of glycolipids. The contents of PUFA in Platycodi radix were 62.96% . The essential amino acid contents of salt-soluble protein were 47 mole % in Platycodi radix , which was slightly higher than those other samples. The ration of essential amino acid /nonessential amino acid (E/N) was 0.9 and 0.66 in Platycodi radix and aloe vera, respectively.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2004

Response surface analysis was used to study dietary ratios of n-3/n-6 fatty acid and P/S to minimize plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL ${\cdot}$ VLDL-C levels and maximize plasma HDL ${\cdot}$ C levels of rats. Because the dietary components were not statistically independent, they were studied in combinations of two variables. The two-variable combinations were the most useful in locating the desired maximum or minimum plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL ${\cdot}$ VLDL-C response in terms of the proportions of the dietary components. Response surface contours and three dimensional plots were developed for each plasma lipid response. The contours and three dimensional plots were used to help determine those combinations of the dietary fatty acid ratios that would produce the desired minimum or maximum lpid responses. The statistical analyses indicated that the minimized plasma cholesterol response levels could be attained with a diet consisting of 2.26 n-3/n-6 fatty acid and 2.15 P/S ratios.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 연구는 오메가-3 다가불포화지방산의 함량을 높인 육계의 생산을 위하여 n-3 지방산과 올리브유를 혼합한 사료[CON(5% 일반지방), FXO(2.5% 아마씨유+ 2.5% 올리브유), FEO(2.45% 아마씨유+ 0.05% EPA + 2.5% 올리브유), FDO(2.45% 아마씨유+ 0.05% DHA + 2.5% 올리브유) 그리고 FHO(2.5% 어유+ 2.5% 올리브유)]를 육계에게 4주 간 급이하였다. 4주간의 사양 후 도계를 통하여 닭의 간, 가슴살 그리고 다리살을 채취하였다. 채취한 간은 간 무게/생체중의 비율, 육색 그리고 지방산의 조성 분석을 위하여 사용되었으며, 닭 가슴살과 다리살은 지방산 함량 분석을 위하여 사용되었다. FHO 사료를 급이한 육계의 간은 EPA가 유의적으로 낮았으나 DPA와 DHA는 높았다(p<0.05). 가슴 근육은 n-6 지방산인 AA와 DPA 그리고 n-3 지방산에서 FDO 처리구가 이외의 처리구 대비 유의적으로 높았으며(p>0.05), 더욱이 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 수치적으로 EPA와 DHA 함량 역시 높았다. LNA 함량은 FEO와 FDO 사료를 급이한 닭의 다리 근육에서 유의적으로 높았으며, AA 함량 또한 FHO와 유사하였다. FHO 사료를 급이한 닭의 다리 근육은 EPA, DHA 그리고 n-3 지방산에서 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면에 AA의 함량과 n-6/n-3 지방산의 비율은 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 실험은, n-3의 다가불포화지방산의 함량을 증가시킴과 동시에 n-6/n-3 비율의 향상을 위해서는 근섬유 조성에 따라 그 접근법이 달라야 된다는 사실이 조사되었으며, 가슴과 다리 근육 내 n-3 지방산의 함량을 증가시키기 위해서는 각각 FDO와 FHO 사료의 급이가 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1995

The effects of various n-6/n-3 ratios(about 2, 4, 6, 8) of dietary fatty acids on various lipid levels and prostaglandin production were studied at the constant P/S ratio (1.5-1.6) in young (5 weeks old) and adult(8 months old) Sprague-Dawley rats using palm oil, safflower oil and sardine oil. The concentration of serum cholesterol tended to increase with the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio. The tendency of HDL-cholesterol levels was similar to serum cholesterol levels. These were not apparent differences between young and adults rats. Serum triglyceride levels increased according to increasing n-6/n-3 ratio in young rats. These were generally high in the adult rats compared with the young rats. Though liver cholesterol level tended to increase according to the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio in the young rats. The liver triglyceride level did not change according to the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, these levels were apparently higher in the adult than in the young rats. The fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine(PC) were similar in serum and liver. The arachidonate/linoleate ratios in tissue PC were influenced by the n-6/n-3 ratio. They tended to be lower in the adult rats compared with the young rats. It was suggested that the activity of $\Delta$6-desturase was decreased by aging. Production of platelet thromboxane A2(TXA2)and aortic prostacyclin(PGI2) was not apparently influenced with n-6/n-3 ratio. Whereas the ratio of TXA2/PGI2 was the lowest value at 3.8 of n-6/n-3 ratio, expecially in the young rats. Thus this ratio seemed to be a desirable level to protect atherosclerosis. These results indicate that the lipid level and prostaglandin production were influenced not only by n-6/n-3 ratio(under constant P/S ratio) but by aging, particulary triglycerde level and arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2005

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) continues to rise in industrialized countries related to Western lifestyle, including dietary habits, especially imbalance of intake of dietary fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary fatty acids and the assess the blood fatty acid composition and immune parameters in AD patients. AD (n = 50) patients and gender ${\cdot}$ age matched healthy controls (HC) were studied in case-control clinical trail. Current fatty acids intake status was determined by 3-day food record method. Blood sample were collected from 30 subjects in each group and blood fatty acid composition and immune parameters were analysed. AD patients consumed less PUFA and their n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was higher than that of HC. Both the ratios of PUFA and MUFA were positively correlated with SCORAD in AD patients (p < 0.05). In the AD patients, there were abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of the RBC and WBC, SFA being significantly high and most n-3 PUFA being significantly low. Moreover, both the ratios of EPA and DHA in WBC were negatively correlated with dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in AD patients (p < 0.05). Serum total IgE and IL-4 levels of AD patients increased significantly compared with the levels of HC (p < 0.01). Ratios of monocyte and eosinophil in WBC of AD patients increased significantly compared with the levels of HC including total WBC count (p < 0.01), and ratios of Iymphocyte and basophil in WBC of AD patients decreased significantly compared with the levels of HC (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ratios of eosinophil in WBC were positively correlated with dietary P/M ratio (p < 0.05), and the ratios of monocyte in WBC were positively correlated with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.05) in AD patients. This results indicated that AD patients had significantly high intake of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA compared with HC. Imbalance of intake of dietary fatty acids affected fatty acid compositions in the RBC and WBC, and these lead to immune imbalance and grow worse of AD.