• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper reviews the changes in the ship export and import structure between Korea and China. It utilizes the comparative advantage trade theory to analyze time-series statistical data from the market share index, revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index(TSI). Research design, data, and methodology - Based on their economic phases, both Korea and China have similar country characteristics. The purpose of this research is to understand the two country's trade structures to fortify the Korea-Sino economic relationship including verifying what is working and what is not. Results - Based on the analysis, bilateral economic activity to achieve a plus trade stimulus environment should be realized in the long run. Both countries should establish guarantee-free trade negotiations and boundaries instead of various non-tariff barriers. Conclusion - Reviewing the research, a sound competitive relationship can be grown for mutual benefit including export market diversification in the near future. The review of the Korea-Sino ship industry is keenly important and investigative research about it is timely because it is a major industry in each country.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.18
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• pp.137-157
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• 2002

The clauses of bill of lading(B/L) consist of the terms of contract for the carriage of goods by sea because of clauses of B/L by the mutual agreement of contracting parties. There are some exempted cause of deviation clause in B/L for specific reasons. Then deviation clauses are influenced by Rules of international carriage of goods by sea, because the international rules become the governing law of contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The problem of deviation clauses in B/L is stipulated as follows. "It shall be prerequisite to the Merchant' claim for damages on account of deviation that the merchant's insurance shall first have been cancelled on account of alleged deviation. No deviation shall oust the right to limit liability or damages, and the Carrier shall always be entitled to the full benefit of all privileges, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading and incorporated tariffs." This stipulation should be adjusted according to the confirmed cases, otherwise it will be invalid according to the Hague Rules and Hamburg rules. The sphere of a reasonable deviation in the deviation clause should be interpreted in the connection with the designed voyage and the commercial object of contract for the carriage of goods by sea and the deviation become valid unless the policy, the general object of international rules or the true intention of contracting parties has violated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2013

Word-of-mouth (WOM) communication (traditionally important in consumption) is expanding its influence into cyber space and is playing an important role in online shopping. Consumers who use online shopping might not readily make purchasing decisions due to information overload, lack of accurate product recognition, and the distrust of commercial information. Subsequently, people use WOM communication for a mutual interchange with others who share common concerns, interests, and purposes. This study examines the consumer characteristics, perceived risk on online shopping and benefits of online shopping according to WOM behavior that may significantly affect consumer actions. Factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, cluster analysis, and Chi-square analysis were used for statistical analysis to identify the differences in consumer characteristics. Online WOM behavior consumers purchased more various items than offline WOM behavior consumers; however, the most influential purchasing factor was price regardless of WOM behavior. Offline WOM behavior consumers have shown higher perceived online shopping risks and benefits.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-12
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• 2011

Superconducting motor has a lot of benefits from high power density for ship propulsions, so a number of research project are in progress worldwide. Despite of all the benefits, there is always a difficulty of cryo-moving part for conventional air-core superconducting synchronous motors. In order to get rid of this moving cryogenic part, we propose a homopolar superconducting synchronous motor, which has high temperature superconducting armature and field coils. The rotor is supposed to be made of iron only and excited by the stationary HTS field coils. The stationary field coils make the cooling system simple and easy to realize because there is no cryo-moving part. A design result of a 10 hp homopolar synchronous motor is presented in this paper. The self and mutual inductance of the motor having the size of air gap as variable parameter are calculated by a 3-dimemsional finite element method. The value of design variables such as the dimension of a motor and the number of turns, etc. is decided by performing the coordinate transformation of the calculated inductance. The operating frequency is supposed to be below 5 Hz for low rotating speed which is needed for a purpose of ship propulsion. Low frequency also has the benefit of low AC losses.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.23-53
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• 2006

The main purpose of this paper is to setup a integrated model and verify the integrated model for a customer loyalty in the internet shopping environments. The results of a structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS and LISREL include: First, hypothesis that Internet environment characteristics in outside factors has a positive effect on satisfaction, trust and commitment is partially supported. However, mutual communication to satisfaction, community to commitment and open-ubiquity to trust did not reveal a positive effect. Second, hypothesis that Internet showing mall environment has a positive effect on satisfaction is partially supported. However, transaction to commitment and transaction to trust did not reveal a positive effect. Third, hypothesis that relational benefits has a positive effect on both satisfaction and commitment is partially supported. However, confident honest to commitment and economic honest to trust did not reveal a positive effect. Forth, satisfaction trust and commitment have a strong effect upon loyalty. Fifth, satisfaction has a positive effect on trust and commitment. However, trust did not show a positive effect on commitment. Outside factors(Internet environment characteristics, showing mall characteristics, and relational benefit) partially revealed a positive effect on satisfaction trust, and commitment. Mediating variables such as satisfaction, trust, and commitment again have positive effect on loyalty. But, the relationship for trust to commitment did not reveal the significant effect in this study while other studies revealed significant effect.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-225
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• 2014

Globalization in the 21st century and development in the field of IT have caused rapid change in the practical site of fashion industry. Therefore, as colleges aim to produce professional technicians and experts in the applicable fields, they are strengthening professionalism and practicality more than ever before that can respond to the practical situation. In addition, owing to the reduction of population of academic students, colleges would search for specialty and structural innovation with the serious desire to establish new structural system to produce talented persons. Purpose of this study is to strengthen competition of colleges voluntarily, specialize themselves and maximize mutual benefit through cooperative relation with industrial businesses. Thus, this study would compare, analyze and investigate the curriculums of fashion designs in colleges for the plan of curriculum applicable for the industrial changes and corresponding business demand. Considering the result of questionnaires of industrial businesses, most of them would prefer the curriculum for 3 years to that for 2 years. Nowadays industrial businesses will require computerization ability much more than ever before besides the professional knowledge and technology in the field of fashion and it is also showed that education of personality in colleges would be considered to be important for the performance of the vocational duty. Especially, specialty and progressive participation in the curriculum would be strengthened during the education process of colleges. This study will be used for the establishment of specialty of colleges and development of curriculum of them.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2019

This paper understands small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) with the lenses of 'labors' and 'technology' and analyzes possible alternatives for creating jobs in Korea. Interviews with eighty CEOs, directors, managers are conducted during the summer in 2017. In terms of 'labors,' critical issues were 'low income' and 'income gap from conglomerates.' When it comes to 'technology,' support for R&D was critically presented. This study proposes three policies for creating jobs: 1) National Management for Good Technicians, 2) Technical Bidding System, and 3) Mutual benefit disclosure System. Implications for the employment policy are followed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2021

This research aims to expose the Islamic perspective on the concept of justice on the Mudarabah contract's profit-sharing ratio. In certain verses in Al-Qur'an, Islamic values in Muamalah, the rules dictated by the Qur'an and its practices, and explanations rendered (more commonly known as Sunnah) by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and Sahabah (the companions of the Prophet Muhammad), and Fiqh Axiom (rules) in Muamalah (Islamic jurisprudence), are used as the instruments of sharia to achieve the study objective. Islamic monetary establishments in Indonesia are still not in full consistency with the Shariah principles, significantly as far as satisfying equity and justice by Islamic banks in mudarabah contract (with clients). The ignominy is the nisbah (ratio) between the capital proprietor and the capital director. There are models or propositions to decide the benefit (profit)-sharing proportion. Nevertheless, none of them explains or specifies the possibility of equity/justice in the profit-sharing ratio. This research utilizes an explorative and subjective methodology that contributes to the philosophical premise of deciding the profit-sharing fairness. The elements of a just ratio for the Mudharabah contract are mutual willingness, the existence of negotiation, and the level of advantages and risks of the labor.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-118
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• 2021

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is China's contribution to the need for the world to collectively address deficits of peace, development, governance, and problems relating to climate, the environment and human health. The rise of China and the BRI do challenge the current 'rules-based global order' and the economic dominance and moral, political, economic, and cultural leadership of the United States and its allies. However, China's goal is not hegemony but a multipolar world in which common values coexist with principles of peaceful coexistence (including non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states). The evolution of the BRI is outlined, and the ways in which it reflects Chinese interests are summarized, including its roles in addressing natural resource dependence and excess capacity, a transition from investment promotion and factor-intensive growth to going out and industrial upgrading, going West, and the effective deployment of China's foreign exchange assets. Although China does therefore potentially gain, the BRI is designed so that partners also gain in a quest for win-win co-operation and mutual benefit. The values that underlie this approach and the call for a community with a shared future are compared with competing western values, whose roots lie in Enlightenment thought and are associated with a record of colonialism and imperialism. In this light, the article concludes with a consideration of the global implications of the BRI, the challenges it confronts and the likelihood that the unipolar moment will give way to a multipolar global development path.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.29
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• pp.37-68
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• 2017

This paper critically examines the role and function of religion prior to the full-out advent of the 4th industrial revolution. We can understand 'The vision of Daesoon Jinrihoe (大巡眞理會)' as a mission to foresee and create a prospective figure for a future society in the person of the Lord on High, Jeungsan (甑山) as a religious dimension. However, the existence ground of religion relies on giving positive meaning to the present time after reinterpreting religious doctrine to reflect changing realities. Jeungsan (甑山) said that the age to come is 'the age of the human majesty (人尊)'. This means that humans will take the lead and control the revolution of scientific technology to progress and benefit humanity. Problems such as 'human alienatio', 'increased polarization', and 'destruction of the environment' still arise and deepen because the motive of 'the Industrial Revolution' was built upon 'knowledge' within the context of a Knowledge-Based Society. Therefore, we can say that the role of religion will newly rise to the forefront in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Consequently, religion should face matters squarely and suggest viable alternatives. This paper deals with reinterpreting the concept of 'the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence (解冤相生)', one of the four teachings of Daesoon Jinrihoe, within the context of the coming era of the 4th industrial revolution. My research is divided into the following three parts: First, I determined the teachings of Daesoon Jinrihoe and the original meaning of 'the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence', and then I disclosed the way we can reinterpret the general meaning of this concept for application in the ear of the 4th industrial revolution. Second, from the perspective of the religious dimension, I inquired into factors regarding alienation and conflict in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. I focused on human alienation from labor, identity confusion, potential conflicts between humans and post-humans, and the characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution. Third, I examined potential cures for alienation and conflict through the principle of the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence. I tried to enlarge the interpretive prospects of Daesoon's main teaching in light of the era of the 4th industrial revolution through a new interpretation and application that employs the concept of 'the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence (解冤相生)' in order to cure the alienation and conflict.