• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

Recently there is increasing interest in the use of structure activity relationships for predicting the biological activity of chemicals. The reasons for the interest include the decrease cost and time per chemical as compared with animal or cell system for identifying toxicological effects of chemicals and the reduction in the use of animals for toxicological testing. This study is to test the validity of the mutagenicity data generated from QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) program. Thirty chemicals, which had been evaluated by Ames test during 1997-1999, were assessed with TOPKAT QSAR mutagenicity prediction module. Among 30chemicals experimented, 28 were negative and 2 were positive for Ames test. On the contrary, 23 chemicals showed the high confidence level indicating high prediction rate in mutagenicity evaluation, and 7 chemicals showed the lsow to moderate confidence level indicating low prediction in mutagenicity evaluation. Overall mutagenicity prediction rate was 77% (23/30). The prediction rates for non-mutagenic chemicals were 79% (22/28) and mutagenic chemicals were 50% (1/2). QSAR could be a useful tool in providing toxicological data for newly introduced chemicals or in furnishing data for MSDS or in determining the dose in toxicity testing for chemicals with no known toxicological data.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1997

Kyoaesamultang(KAT) has been used as an important prescription for various diseases including threatened abortion, associated with pregnancy in traditional medicine. In oder to identify the safety of KAT, this study was designed to determine mutagenicity and hepato-toxicity. In Rec-assay, Bacillus subtills H-17($Rec{^+}$) and M-45($Rec{^-}$) strains were used to clarify the DNA damage property. In Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used for mutagenicity testing. In SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a tester strain, and the levels of umu operon expression were monitored by measuring the $\beta$-galactosidase activity. From tested results, KAT did not show DNA damage and mutagenicity. On the other hand, hepato-toxicity of KAT to female ICR mice was monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15days. KAT showed 34% increase of s-GOT and s-GPT activities, also exhibited 35% increase of LDH activity in mice sera.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2015

Chemical mutagenicity is a major hazard that is important to workers' health. Despite the use of large amounts of allyl chloride, the available mutagenicity data for this chemical remains controversial. To clarify the mutagenicity of allyl chloride and because a micronucleus (MN) test had not yet been conducted, we screened for MN induction by using male ICR mice bone marrow cells. The test results indicated that this chemical is not mutagenic under the test conditions. In this paper, the regulatory test battery and several assay combinations used to determine the genotoxic potential of chemicals in the workplace have been described. Further application of these assays may prove useful in future development strategies of hazard evaluations of industrial chemicals. This study also should help to improve the testing of this chemical by commonly used mutagenicity testing methods and investigations on the underlying mechanisms and could be applicable for workers' health.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2015

Urinary mutagenicity is widely recognized as a useful biomarker for the assessment of mutagen exposure level in human. In this study, we optimized the several parameters affecting the activity of Urinary mutagenicity using highly sensitive mutation test(microsuspension assay) instead of the conventional Ames test. First of all, we chose YG1024 as a highly sensitive strain from three str ains of Salmonella typhimurium(TA98, TA100, YG1024) using r epr esentative mutation substances, such as Benzo[a]pyrene, 2-Aminonaphthalene, 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole($MeA{\alpha}C$) and cigarette total particulate matter(TPM). And we established the several kinds of test conditions such as number of bacter ia, concentr ation of metabolic activation system and incubation time for the most sensitive reaction. Also, we optimized efficient pre-treatment method using commercial C18 column. As a r esults, this method was shown a aver age of 94 % recovery value and 13 % relative standard deviation. When we compared the Urinary mutagenicity between several participants, we confirmed that compar ative measurements were possible for different levels of urine mutagenicity. In conclusion, the optimized highly sensitive mutation test to measure the Urinary mutagenicity may be useful in biological monitoring of mutagen exposure level.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.329-333
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• 1998

Cell wall (lactic acid bacteria-sonicated precipitate ; LAB-SP) and cytosoll(lactic acid bacteria-sonicated supernatant ; LAB-SS) fractions were prepared from kimchi fermenting lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, with Lactobacillus acidophillus isolated from yogurt. Using the Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chormotest system, the antimutagenic acitivity of those cell fractions was studied . One hundered eighty $\mu$l of LAB-SP from lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, excepting Pediococcus acidilactici, supressed the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotes system , by above 90% and 60% , respectively. LAB-SP from lactic acid bacteria also inhibited the mutagenicity mediated by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2). Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidphillus had higher antimutagenicity against Trp-P-2). Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Lactobacillus acidphillus had higher antimutagenicity against Trp-P-2 than the other lactic acid bacteria. However, LAB-SS of lactic acid bacteria did not show any mutagenic activity against 4-NQO in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotest systems. On the mutagenicity of MEIQ and Trp-P-2 , LAB-SS of lactic acid bacteria from kimchi or dairy products exhibited a weaker inhibitory effect than LAB-SP of those bacteria. These results represent that, whether the lactic acid bacteria from kimchi are viable or nonviable, antimutagenic acitivity was still effective. We suggest that the strong, antimutaganic activity of lactic acid bacteria might be found in the cell wall fraction , rather than in the cytosol fraction.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1998

This is a study on the risk assessment of drinking water using mutagenicity testing. The tests have been carried with the raw water, treated water, and drinking water (tap water) in Kwangju and Mokpo areas. The Ames preincubation test was carried concentrating samples using by Sep-Pak PLUS cartriges in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. The samples were tested with several chemical water quality analysis. The THMs have not been measured in raw water, but measured treated water and tap water at a value of 7.135-12.473 $\mu$g/l. It was observed that the number of revertants colonies increased in treated water and tap water on TA100 without S9 and showed weak mutagenicity on TA98 without S9. Indirect mutation was not seen in TA100 and TA98 with S9. The results indicated that formed substances of treatment process's of water that increased mutagenicity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1997

Antaeum(ATE) has been used as a prescription for threatened abortion, associated with pregnancy in traditional medicine. Because gravida could be administered ATE for a long period, its administration might cause a harmful effect on fetus and gravida during the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to ATE caused mutagenicity or hepatotoxicity during the pregnant period. For mutagenicity test of ATE, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis were used as indications for DNA damage. In the Ames test, Samonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used for mutagenicity testing, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In Rec-assay, Bacillus subtilis H $17(Rec^+)$ and $M-45(Rec^-)$ strains were used to clarify the DNA damage property. In the SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA15335 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a tester strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. From the tested results, ATE did not show DNA damage and mutagenicity. On the other hand, hepatotoxicity of ATE to female ICR mice was monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. ATE did not show significant change of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.716-722
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• 2002

조리조건을 달리하여 가열조리된 육류에서 형성된 단백질의 열분해 산물의 발암성을 검색하고 이의 제어방법을 검토하여 보다 안전한 조리법을 확립하고자 육류 중 돼지고기를 가스그릴(GG)과 전기그릴(EG) 및 전자렌지(MW)를 이용하여 온도별로 조리 한 후 이의 80% 메탄올 추출물에 대해 변이원성을 Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay(in vitro), micronucleus test(in vivo)를 실행하여 검색하였다. 또한 가열조리 중 생성되는 변이원성을 제어하고자 항암 성분을 함유하고 있다고 알려진 채소즙과 녹차 추출물을 시료로 침지후 조리하여 이의 변이원성을 검토하였다. 가열 조리한 시료의 농도별(0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/plate) 변이원성은 농도의존성을 나타내었고, 시료농도 5 mg/$m\ell$/plate에서 유의적으로 높은 변이원성을 나타냈다(p＜0.05). 또한 시료의 조리온도가 상승할수록 변이원성이 증가하여 조리온도 의존성을 알 수 있었고 S-9 mixture 첨가시 변이원성이 2-4배 정도 증가하여 간접 돌연변이원이 더 많이 포함되어 있음을 확인하였다. 육류의 종류별 변이원성은 돼지고기가 유의적으로 가장 높은 변이원성을 보였고 닭고기가 가장 낮은 변이원성을 나타냈다(p＜0.05). 돼지고기를 채소즙 및 녹차즙에 침지후 GG, EG로 조리하였을 때 생강＞양배추＞무즙의 순으로 생강즙에 침지한 시료에서 변이원성이 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다(P＜0.05). 돌연변이원 생성 억제 효과가 높았던 시료를 이용하여 Micronucleus test를 한 결과 생강즙 처리군이 유의적으로 낮은 소핵 형성률을 나타내어 생강이 소핵 형성 억제 효과가 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있었다(p＜0.05). 실용적인 면에서는 생강즙은 물과 동량인 경우 냄새가 너무 강하여 맛에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 양배추나 무즙을 이용한다면 고온 가열 조리시보다 안전성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.475-481
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• 1998

돼지고기와 챔을 이용한 찌개에서 생성되는 돌연변 이원성과 김치 , 표고버섯, 파, 마늘이 부재료로 첨가되었을 때의 억제효과를 검토하고 국산햄과 외국산챌의 차이를 알아보고자 변이원으로 4-NQO, Trp-p-1을 사용하여 염기치환형 변이균주인 Salmonella typhimurium TA100을 이용한 Ames test를 실시하였다. 1. 0.025-0.02 g/Plate 농도에서, 김치는 가열했을때 변이원성이 나타나지 않았고 4-NQO, Trp-p-1의 변미원성을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 햄과 돼지고기는 가열시 변이원이 자체적으로 생성되었고 돼지고기 0.02 g/plate 농도에서 가장 큰 값을 나타내어 육가공품에 첨가된 아질산염에 대한 안전성을 확보할 수 있었다. 2.가열된 돼지고기와 햄의 변이원성에 대하여 대체로 김치 첨가시 억제효과가 가장 컸고, 표고버섯 한가지보다는 표고버섯에 파 ,마늘을 함께 첨가했을때 억제효과가 더 컸다. 3. 외국산햄은 국산햄과 달리 항산화제인 ascorbic acid가 더 많이 첨가되어 있어 0.02g/plate 농도에서 가열에 의해 변이원이 생성되지 않았고 변이원 존재 시 국산햄보다 낮은 변이원성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1991

고추가루의 돌연변이유발, 보돌연변이 및 항돌연변이 효과를 검토하기 위해 매운맛의 재래종과 덜 매운맛의 교배종을 극성이 다른 용매로 3분획한 것과 고추의 주요한 매운 성분으로 알려진 capsaicin을 Ames mutagenicity test를 이용하여 연구하였다. 고추가루 추출획분들을 모두 direct한 돌연변이유발성이 없는 것으로 나타났고 MNNG가 존재할 때의 보돌연변이 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 또한 이들은 rat S9이 존재할 때의 indirect한 mutagenicity도 일으키지 않는 결과를 보였다. 고추가루의 주요 매운 성분인 capsaicin도 Aroclor 1254, phenobarbital로 induce시킨 rat S9과 Aroclor 1254로 induce시킨 hamster S9 등의 activation system을 이용하여도 돌연변이유발의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 고추가루 추출획분들은 TA100 strain에서 모두 aflatoxin $B_1$의 mutagencity를 오히려 억제시키는 결과를 나타내었는데 이 효과는 고추가루의 첫번째 획분(1st fraction)이 가장 컸었다.