• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

Recently there is increasing interest in the use of structure activity relationships for predicting the biological activity of chemicals. The reasons for the interest include the decrease cost and time per chemical as compared with animal or cell system for identifying toxicological effects of chemicals and the reduction in the use of animals for toxicological testing. This study is to test the validity of the mutagenicity data generated from QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) program. Thirty chemicals, which had been evaluated by Ames test during 1997-1999, were assessed with TOPKAT QSAR mutagenicity prediction module. Among 30chemicals experimented, 28 were negative and 2 were positive for Ames test. On the contrary, 23 chemicals showed the high confidence level indicating high prediction rate in mutagenicity evaluation, and 7 chemicals showed the lsow to moderate confidence level indicating low prediction in mutagenicity evaluation. Overall mutagenicity prediction rate was 77% (23/30). The prediction rates for non-mutagenic chemicals were 79% (22/28) and mutagenic chemicals were 50% (1/2). QSAR could be a useful tool in providing toxicological data for newly introduced chemicals or in furnishing data for MSDS or in determining the dose in toxicity testing for chemicals with no known toxicological data.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1997

Kyoaesamultang(KAT) has been used as an important prescription for various diseases including threatened abortion, associated with pregnancy in traditional medicine. In oder to identify the safety of KAT, this study was designed to determine mutagenicity and hepato-toxicity. In Rec-assay, Bacillus subtills H-17($Rec{^+}$) and M-45($Rec{^-}$) strains were used to clarify the DNA damage property. In Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used for mutagenicity testing. In SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a tester strain, and the levels of umu operon expression were monitored by measuring the $\beta$-galactosidase activity. From tested results, KAT did not show DNA damage and mutagenicity. On the other hand, hepato-toxicity of KAT to female ICR mice was monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15days. KAT showed 34% increase of s-GOT and s-GPT activities, also exhibited 35% increase of LDH activity in mice sera.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2015

Chemical mutagenicity is a major hazard that is important to workers' health. Despite the use of large amounts of allyl chloride, the available mutagenicity data for this chemical remains controversial. To clarify the mutagenicity of allyl chloride and because a micronucleus (MN) test had not yet been conducted, we screened for MN induction by using male ICR mice bone marrow cells. The test results indicated that this chemical is not mutagenic under the test conditions. In this paper, the regulatory test battery and several assay combinations used to determine the genotoxic potential of chemicals in the workplace have been described. Further application of these assays may prove useful in future development strategies of hazard evaluations of industrial chemicals. This study also should help to improve the testing of this chemical by commonly used mutagenicity testing methods and investigations on the underlying mechanisms and could be applicable for workers' health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2015

Urinary mutagenicity is widely recognized as a useful biomarker for the assessment of mutagen exposure level in human. In this study, we optimized the several parameters affecting the activity of Urinary mutagenicity using highly sensitive mutation test(microsuspension assay) instead of the conventional Ames test. First of all, we chose YG1024 as a highly sensitive strain from three str ains of Salmonella typhimurium(TA98, TA100, YG1024) using r epr esentative mutation substances, such as Benzo[a]pyrene, 2-Aminonaphthalene, 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole($MeA{\alpha}C$) and cigarette total particulate matter(TPM). And we established the several kinds of test conditions such as number of bacter ia, concentr ation of metabolic activation system and incubation time for the most sensitive reaction. Also, we optimized efficient pre-treatment method using commercial C18 column. As a r esults, this method was shown a aver age of 94 % recovery value and 13 % relative standard deviation. When we compared the Urinary mutagenicity between several participants, we confirmed that compar ative measurements were possible for different levels of urine mutagenicity. In conclusion, the optimized highly sensitive mutation test to measure the Urinary mutagenicity may be useful in biological monitoring of mutagen exposure level.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.329-333
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• 1998

Cell wall (lactic acid bacteria-sonicated precipitate ; LAB-SP) and cytosoll(lactic acid bacteria-sonicated supernatant ; LAB-SS) fractions were prepared from kimchi fermenting lactic acid bacteria such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, with Lactobacillus acidophillus isolated from yogurt. Using the Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chormotest system, the antimutagenic acitivity of those cell fractions was studied . One hundered eighty $\mu$l of LAB-SP from lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, excepting Pediococcus acidilactici, supressed the mutagenicity of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotes system , by above 90% and 60% , respectively. LAB-SP from lactic acid bacteria also inhibited the mutagenicity mediated by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2). Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidphillus had higher antimutagenicity against Trp-P-2). Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Lactobacillus acidphillus had higher antimutagenicity against Trp-P-2 than the other lactic acid bacteria. However, LAB-SS of lactic acid bacteria did not show any mutagenic activity against 4-NQO in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotest systems. On the mutagenicity of MEIQ and Trp-P-2 , LAB-SS of lactic acid bacteria from kimchi or dairy products exhibited a weaker inhibitory effect than LAB-SP of those bacteria. These results represent that, whether the lactic acid bacteria from kimchi are viable or nonviable, antimutagenic acitivity was still effective. We suggest that the strong, antimutaganic activity of lactic acid bacteria might be found in the cell wall fraction , rather than in the cytosol fraction.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 1998

This is a study on the risk assessment of drinking water using mutagenicity testing. The tests have been carried with the raw water, treated water, and drinking water (tap water) in Kwangju and Mokpo areas. The Ames preincubation test was carried concentrating samples using by Sep-Pak PLUS cartriges in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. The samples were tested with several chemical water quality analysis. The THMs have not been measured in raw water, but measured treated water and tap water at a value of 7.135-12.473 $\mu$g/l. It was observed that the number of revertants colonies increased in treated water and tap water on TA100 without S9 and showed weak mutagenicity on TA98 without S9. Indirect mutation was not seen in TA100 and TA98 with S9. The results indicated that formed substances of treatment process's of water that increased mutagenicity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 1997

Antaeum(ATE) has been used as a prescription for threatened abortion, associated with pregnancy in traditional medicine. Because gravida could be administered ATE for a long period, its administration might cause a harmful effect on fetus and gravida during the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to ATE caused mutagenicity or hepatotoxicity during the pregnant period. For mutagenicity test of ATE, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis were used as indications for DNA damage. In the Ames test, Samonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used for mutagenicity testing, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In Rec-assay, Bacillus subtilis H $17(Rec^+)$ and $M-45(Rec^-)$ strains were used to clarify the DNA damage property. In the SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA15335 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a tester strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. From the tested results, ATE did not show DNA damage and mutagenicity. On the other hand, hepatotoxicity of ATE to female ICR mice was monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. ATE did not show significant change of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.716-722
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• 2002

Meat(beef, pork, chicken, duck) were cooked by three kinds of instruments (gas grill. electric grill, microwave oven) and extracted with 80% methanol. These methanol extracts were performed the Ames test, employing S. typhimurium tester strain TA100 (in vitro) and micronucleus test (in vivo). The methanol extract of cooked pork showed high mutagenicity in 5.0mg/plate without S9 mix and induced a higher mutagenicity with S9 mix than without S9 mix at 5 mg/plate. In all kinds of cookery methods, pork extracts showed high mutagenicity according to increase of cookery temperature (200$\^{C}$, 260$\^{C}$ and 320$\^{C}$). The methanol extract of cooked pork by electric grill (at 260$\^{C}$, for 5 min) showed high mutagenicity in all kinds of cookery instruments on the Ames test and micronucleus test. In all kinds of meat, the methanol extract of cooked pork showed a higher mutagenicity than the others and chicken showed a lower. The extract after pork soaked in ginger juice showed lower mutagenicity and micronucleus formation than the other vegetable juice.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the mutagenicity of pork and ham pot-stew and the anti-mutagenicity of various additive materials on pot-stew by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Boiled kimchi didn't show mutagenicity and effectively inhibited the mutagenicity induced by 4-NQO and Trp-p-1. But boiled pork and ham showed mutagenicity dose-responsively and pork's mutagenicity was higher than that of ham. On the mutagenicity of boiled pork and ham, the inhibition of kimchi was most effective and when scallion and galic was added with mushroom showed synergic effect. Boiled ham made in USA did not show mutagenicity different from ham made in Korea because of the addtion of ascorbic acid and when mutagen was added it's mutagenicity was lower than that of ham made in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 1991

The mutagenic, comutagenic and antimutagenic effects of red pepper powder were studied by using Ames mutagenicity test. extracts(3 fractions) of the red pepper powder did not show any mutagenicity with or without S9 mix in Salmonella typhimurium strains of TA100 and TA98. These extracts did not show any comutagenicity on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). Capsaicin also did not exhibit any mutagenicity in the absence or presence of S9 mix prepared from rat or hamster livers. However, the red pepper powder showed antimutagenicity aganist aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ mediatdd mutagenicity. Especially first fraction of the pepper powder inhibited strongly the mutagenicity of $AFB_1$. There was no difference of these activities between hotter tasted pepper powder and plain hot tasted pepper powder.