• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 2010

Objectives: The basic cause of developmental disability is congenital weakness, which is a disorder of the kidney according to the Oriental medicine definition. I suggest the oriental medicine music therapy, which can improve congenital weakness and recover the kidney dysfunction. Methods: This study focused autism and Asperger syndrome in terms of Oriental medicine, and also considered view points from the Western medicine. Conclusions 1. The kidney monitors vital elements which were produced from the bone marrow. Therefore, the growth and the development of a skeletal structure are related to the strength and weakness of kidney, which is measured in Qi score. 2. In a case of the deficiency of kidney, an essence due to congenital defect, it shows the symptoms of the developmental disability such as sluggish reaction and physical movements, falling of memory, hearing, and eyesight. 3. For the kidney disorder, "Eum music therapy", one of the oriental medicine music therapies, can promote development of the kidney and kidney-Qi score for the children with developmental disability.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

To make ones life meaningful is one of human's most valuable goal. Nevertheless, for cancer patients who are in the last phase of their lives obtaining this goal may be threatened by physical, psychological, and social difficulties. Music therapy ran be utilized to effectively fill in these physical, psychological, and social needs. In the form of a creative art, music therapy can be effective in easing the pain and tension as well as assisting the patient to discover meanings of life through psychological comfort. Further, music is itself a verbal/non-verbal communication tool and thus connects the patients with their families with understanding and sympathy. This study aims to examine the need and role of music therapy in hospice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2853-2856
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• 2016

Background: Many studies have pointed to strategies to cope with patient anxiety in colposcopy. Evidence shows that patients experienced considerable distress with the large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ) procedure and suitable interventions should be introduced to reduce anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy in patients undergoing LLETZ. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients undergoing LLETZ performed under local anesthesia in an out patient setting at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from February 2015 to January 2016. After informed consent and demographic data were obtained, we assessed the anxiety level using State Anxiety Inventory pre and post procedures. Music group patients listened to classical songs through headphones, while the control group received the standard care. Pain score was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson Chi-square, Fisher's Exact test and T-Test and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 73 patients were enrolled and randomized, resulting in 36 women in the music group and 37 women in the non-music control group. The preoperative mean anxiety score was higher in the music group (46.8 VS 45.8 points). The postoperative mean anxiety scores in the music and the non-music groups were 38.7 and 41.3 points, respectively. VAS was lower in music group (2.55 VS 3.33). The percent change of anxiety was greater in the music group, although there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: Music therapy did not significantly reduce anxiety in patients undergoing the LLETZ procedure. However, different interventions should be developed to ease the patients' apprehension during this procedure.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-49
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of song-based group music therapy on the exercise stress and positive psychological capital of youth soccer players. Eighty youth soccer players were assigned to either a song-based music therapy group or a control group. For the analysis of the effects of song-based group music therapy, the Exercise Stress scale and the Athlete Positive Psychological Capital scale were administered before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using an independent sample t test and paired t test. The results were as follows. First, the experimental group showed a significantly lower posttest score on the exercise stress measure than the control group (p < .01). The control group showed a significant increase from pretest to posttest on the exercise stress measure (p < .05). Second, the experimental group scored significantly higher at posttest than the control group on the positive psychological capital measure (p < .01). The control group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from pretest to posttest on the positive psychological capital scale (p < .05). The results suggest that song-based group music therapy is an effective treatment method that lowers exercise stress and raises positive psychological capital of youth soccer players.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.222-238
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of music therapy as a nursing intervention on changes in recovery of consciousness and vital signs for postoperative patients in the recovery room. The subject for this study were fifty three of postoperative patients who were transferred from the OR to the RR at Kwangju Christian Hospital in Kwangju City. Thirty of them were assigned to the experimental group, and twenty three, to the control group. The age of the subject was between twenty and sixty years of age. The subject had a general anesthesia without any special complications, and they were not completely awake. The data were collected for six months from July 1999 to February 2000. The method used was to compare the condition of the subjects in each group at the beginning and at certain times repeatedly. The features observed were the level of consciousness, the frequency of complaints of pain, and vital signs of the subject before and 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after hearing their favorite music for 30 minutes. The results are as follows 1. The recovery of consciousness was revealed through significant changes in facial expression, facial color, and grip strength in the experimental group more strongly than in the control group. No significant changes were shown in verbal order. The differences in recovery of consciousness in the pre-post music therapy between the two groups was not significant in verbal order, facial expression, or grip strength. However, significant changes were seen in facial color. 2. There were no significant differences between the two groups in changes in the frequency of pain complaints after music therapy. However, a significant difference was shown in the pre-post music therapy scres. 3. Vital signs did not show a significant difference between the two groups. However, the $SPO_2$ of the experimental group was significantly elevated after 60 minutes. The difference pre-post to the music therapy in the vital signs between two groups was significant only in body temperature. This study showed that the effect of music therapy given to postoperative patients is that it promotes changes in facial expression, facial color, and grip strength helping recovery of consciousness, stabilizing vital signs, elevating levels of $SPO_2$. and reducing complaints of pain. It is recommended that if the patient wants it music therapy be given right after surgery in the recovery room as a nursing intervention.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Background : The purpose of this study is to identify how the relaxation music listening during exercise influences body flexibility and stress. Methods : Twenty healthy adults 20s and 30s who lack of body flexibility were recruited and each subjects performed exercise during the relaxation music listening or no listening. Bach, aria of linear G was used as the relaxation music. The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. In this study, PASW ver 18.0 was utilized to perform non-parametric tests for comparisons. Result : The result with respect to the dependent variables are as follows: When non-parametric tests were conducted to compare body flexibility at the test of the right ear touch behind head by left hand and the stretching hands test between the two groups after exercise, they showed significant differences in statistical terms (p<.05). Conclusion : From the above results of the study it was found that the application of the relaxation music during the exercise is effective, it improved the body flexibility of the right ear touch behind head by left hand and the stretching hands more than the exercise without the relaxation music did. The outcome of the experiment may provide basic data for developing an effective way to increase body flexibility.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of music therapy on state anxiety, perception of pain of dental patients. The subjects consisted of forty patients undergoing dental treatment at one dental clinic. Twenty eight of them were assigned to the experimental group, while twelve subjects to the control group. The data were collected from June 29 to August 1, 1998 by means of a state anxiety scale (by Spielberger) questionnaire and visual analog scale for pain measurement. The data were analysed with $X^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. The results are as follows 1) There were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group on the post treatment the state anxiety score. However, in the experimental group, the state anxiety score decreased significantly after music therapy(t=3.19, p=0.003). In the control group, the state anxiety score did not decrease significantly(t=1.65, p=0.126). Especially, high score group on the state anxiety was found to be of significant differences in the experimental group (t=3.09, p=0.007). 2) There were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group on the post treatment perception of pain. However, after music therapy, the experimental group had a lower post treatment perception of pain than the control group. 3) After music therapy, subjective response of the experimental group was one of relative contentment. From these results, it is concluded that music therapy as a nursing intervention can be effective in decreasing anxiety in dental patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of music therapy as intervention on peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety of gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing paclitaxel chemotherapy. Methods: Hospitalized 62 patients were assigned to an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=33) in this quasi-experimental study. The experimental group participated in music therapy that includes listening, singing and song writing during 1 hour. The peripheral neuropathic pain, anxiety and depression were examined as pre-intervention evaluation by using pain scale, anxiety scale (20 questions) and depression scale (20 questions) in both groups. There were no further treatments for the control group while the experimental group involved in music therapy. The peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety were evaluated in both groups as post-intervention evaluation. Results: Outcomes were verified through hypothesis testing. The level of peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety in the experimental group was decreased, compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to the study, music therapy is a beneficial intervention that reduces peripheral neuropathic pain and anxiety in gynecologic cancer patients. These findings are encouraging and suggest that music therapy can be applied as an effective intervention for minimizing chemotherapy related symptoms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.222-232
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of music therapy using Korean traditional rhythmic modes on the upper extremity function of elderly people with dementia. The subjects of this study were 13 patients at the age of 65 or more with dementia receiving long-term care in a nursing home in B City. It was analyzed that the effects of music therapy through the evaluation of manual function test (MFT), Activities of daily living (ADL), Korea dementia rating scale-2 test before and after the experiment. As a result, both of the scores of MFT and ADL were higher than after music therapy(p <.05) as well as Korea dementia rating scale-2 test score(management part). This indicates that the music therapy using Korean traditional rhythmic modes could improve function of the upper extremity with dementia as well as activities of daily living and management of dementia care. In conclusion, music therapy would be helpful to the improvement of not only the physical but also the cognitive function of elderly people with dementia, and it could be effectively employed in clinical settings.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-33
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to systematically review the latest clinical trials in music medicine and medical music therapy for pediatric patients. Thirteen databases were searched to obtain randomized controlled/crossover design studies published between the year 2000 and 2012 in English language. Out of 1012 articles retrieved in the initial search, fifteen studies were identified based on an exclusion criteria. Overall, selected articles involved children 1 month to 18 years, sample size of 11 to 150, and total participants of 987. Studies were classified and compared as music medicine or music therapy studies through a systematic synthesis assessing general characteristics, methodological quality, measured outcomes, types of interventions and the study results. Seven music medicine and eight music therapy studies measured seven dependent variables using thirty-six different measurement tools with a large heterogeneity in the selection, type, and method of music interventions. Evaluation of the methodological quality revealed that many studies did not provide a full report of the research method, and did not meet some or most methodological standards, such as randomization, allocation concealment, double or partial blinding, and intention to treat analysis. Although overall research results were positive if not significant, poor methodological quality and heterogeneity in design and intervention strategies raise the question of research bias and trustworthiness issues. The systematic review concluded that music may have a valuable clinical effect in addressing the physical and psychosocial needs of hospitalized children, although more rigorous, homogeneous and replicable studies are greatly needed.