• 대한간호
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• 제24권1호통권129호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1985

The present study has been undertaken to determine the degree of participation of the M. gastrocnemus, M. tibialis anterior, and M. soleus while barefooted and while wearing high heels. Three muscles were studied electromyographically by surface electrode

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to understand the anatomical basis of the facial muscles and to apply this knowledge on the clinical practice of facial acupuncture. Methods : We searched both contemporary and the latest literatures on the practical application of facial muscle anatomy on Facial Acupuncture. Conclusions : Facial Acupuncture improves skin tone, texture and wrinkling by assisting the circulation of Ki. It stimulates the facial muscles directly to undo the stagnation of the meridians. To practice Facial Acupuncture, thorough understanding of facial anatomy is required. In this study the muscles of the head and neck, appropriate depth and angle of acupuncture needle, etc. were reviewed. The upper facial muscles including frontalis, procerus, corrugator supercilii and orbicularis oculi, the mid facial muscles including auricularis, nasalis, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus and so on, and the lower facial muscles including orbicularis oris, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis and platysma etc. were reviewed in this study. For safer and more effective use of Facial Acupuncture, further study on the objective outcome of the technique should be done.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare premotor time(PMT) and electro-mechanical delay(EMD) between sitting and standing posture. Twenty four healthy young subjects(12 women and 12 men) participated in this study. Subjects were instructed to perform maximal, voluntary, isometric contraction of ankle muscle(tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles) in reaction to auditory stimulus. PMT and EMD, calculated from stimulus, EMG and torque profile were compared between sitting and standing postures. As statistical analysis, paired t-test was performed to assess difference between sitting and standing posture. In both tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, EMD was found to be significantly longer for standing than sitting. However, PMT in standing posture was longer than that in sitting posture only in gastrocnemius muscles. These result indicate that increased reaction time, particularly, increased EMD of ankle muscles in standing posture may be caused by co-contraction of ankle muscles for postural control in standing posture.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.76-88
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• 2001

Back extension exercises have been used for rehabilitation of the injured low back, prevention of injury, and fitness training programs. However, excessive loading on low back can exacerbate existing structural weakness. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity of low back muscles during back extension exercises. Twenty healthy male subject s were evaluated. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of low back muscles at L1 and L5 level were recorded during seven different back extension exercises and two reference tasks by surface EMG and saved for data analysis. Reference tasks of lifting 20% and 40% of their body weight were included for comparison. The result were as follows: 1) Single-arm extension and single-leg extension exercises on quadruped position appeared to constitute a low-risk exercise for initial extensor strengthening. 2) When arm extension was combined with contralateral leg extension on quadruped position, EMG activities of low back muscles were increased. 3) EMG activity of low back muscles was highest during the trunk extension exercises on prone position. 4) EMG activities of low back muscles during arm and leg extension exercises on quadruped position were less than those of reference task of lifting 40% of their body weight. These result s have important implications for progressive back extensor muscle strengthening exercises in patients with back pain.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2013

This study examined differences in the activity of upper limb muscles according to how an ultrasound head is gripped. Twenty-two adult males were participated in the study. Each participant was asked to apply ultrasound treatment on to a lump of pork meat by two different ultrasound head grip patterns: spherical and cylindrical grips. Muscle activity was measured in the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and pronator teres (PT), triceps brachii (TB), middle deltoid (MD), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles. There were no significant differences in the EMG signals of any muscle according to the ultrasound head grip pattern (p>.05). There were significant differences in the EMG signal of each type of muscle (p<.05). The EMG signal of UT was the lowest and that of TB was lower than ECRL and FCU. There were interactions between ECRL and FCU, between ECRL and PT, between FCU and ECRL, and between FCU and MD. The EMG signal of ECRL using the cylindrical head was low and that of FCU with the cylindrical head was high, while the opposite was the case with the spherical head ($p_{adj}$ <.05/15). The results of this study indicate that the wrist muscles worked actively when the participants applied ultrasound therapy using both spherical and cylindrical heads. A spherical head might induce imbalanced muscle activity among the wrist muscles, leading to deviation of the wrist joint. Therefore, the cylindrical head is recommended for ultrasound therapy because it produced a constant, repeated force.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term/extreme temperature abuse (STA) on color characteristics and oxidative stability of aged beef muscles during simulated retail display. Two beef muscles (longissimus lumborum, LL and semitendinosus, ST) were aged for 7 (A7), 14 (A14), 21 (A21), and 28 d (A28), and further displayed at 2℃ for 7 d. The STA was induced by placing steak samples at 20℃ for 1 h on the 4th d of display. Instrumental and visual color evaluations, ferric ion reducing capacity (FRC) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay were performed. Initially, redness, yellowness and hue angle of all beef muscles were similar, regardless of aging time before display (p>0.05). An increase in postmortem aging time increased lipid oxidation and caused a rapid discoloration after STA during display (p<0.05). ST muscle was more sharply discolored and oxidized after STA, when compared to LL muscle (p<0.05). The FRC value of beef muscles was decreased after 7 d of display (p<0.05). The results from the current study indicate adverse impacts of postmortem aging on color and oxidative stabilities of beef muscles, particularly under temperature abusing conditions during retail display. Thus, developing a specific post-harvest strategy to control quality attributes in retail levels for different muscle types and aging conditions would be required.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1972

Experimental studies on the water content of muscles and the histological changes of muscles, digestive tract and kidney, influenced by forced oral administration of excessive tap water, were performed by using 10 Korean bulls. Experimental animals were divided into two groups, five heads for test group and five for control group. All of the bulls used in this experiment were weighing between 250 kg and 300 kg and 3 and 4 years of age. In each test animal, a total of 140 litters of tap water was passed in the forestomach by means of catheterization within 12 to 18 hours. And each of them was slaughtered immediately after the animals showing symptoms of respiratory distress. In control group, the animals were allowed to drink tap water normally. From test and control animals after slaughter, each 10 gm of M. biceps femoris, M. satorius, M. adductor, M. gluteous supercialis, M. iliocostalis lumborum, and M. transversus costarum were taken from definite parts in order to measure water content. In the histopathological studies tissues of rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, colon and kidney were taken as wall as the above mentioned muscles. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Increase of water content in the muscles of test group were 4.6% in M. satorius, 4.24% in M. transversus costarum, 4.14% in M. gluteous supercialis, 4.02% in M. adductor, 3.88% in M. biceps femoris, and 2.46% in M. iliocostalis lumborum respectively. The highest increase was found in M. satorius and the lowest in M. iliocostalis lumborum. 2. In test animal, average increasing value of water content in muscles was 3.9% and shown highly significant (p<0.01). 3. On the microscopical findings of carcass, marked watery edema was observed all of the subcutaneous tissues and intermuscular connective tissues. 4. Microscopically, the epimysium, perimysium and endomysium were widened, and the muscle fibers were lacerated. The cells of stratum lucidum in the epithelium of rumen and reticulum were shown marked vacuolization. In the kidney, dilatation of Bowman's spaces and proximal tubles was observed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1232-1241
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cerebral ischemia on Type I(soleus) and Type II(plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles, and to determine the effects of isometric contraction training by electro- stimulation on Type I and II muscles in cerebral ischemia model rats. Method: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ST(stroke), STES(stroke+electrostimulation), SH(sham) and SHES (sham+electrostimulation). The ST and STES groups received a transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation. The SH and SHES groups received a sham operation. The STES and SHES groups had daily isometric contraction training by electrostimulation(100Hz, 45mA, 7.5V) on hindlimb muscles for 7days. Result: Plantaris and gastrocenmius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the ST group significantly decreased compared with the SH group. Soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and the Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the STES group significantly increased compared with the 57 group. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs after acute stroke and isometric contraction training by electrostimulation during early stages of a stroke attenuates muscle atrophy of Type I and Type II muscles.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

옷 입은 상태에서도 협소한 회음부 공간에 제품을 위치시켜 외부로 들어나지 않고, 부담 없이 저주파자극치료를 할 수 있도록 저주파모듈의 컴팩트한 배변배뇨장애 치료용 스마트 헬스케어 시스템을 개발한다. 이 시스템은 사용자 골반저근의 수축력을 감지하여 스마트폰 엔터테인먼트 앱과 연동되도록 함으로써, 사용자가 거부감 없이 능동적 운동치료를 병행할 수 있는 배변배뇨장애 치료를 위한 스마트 헬스케어장치이다. 바이오피드백을 통한 운동 과정은 모니터링 할 수 있고, 측정된 데이터를 메모리에 저장함으로써 근육강화 훈련의 향상을 비교평가할 수 있다. 마지막으로 시제품의 전자파 방사 및 성능에 관한 시험을 통해 안전성을 확보한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2018

Background: The deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles have a crucial role in the management of neck pain. For preventing neck pain by activation of the DCF, craniocervical flexion (CCF) is an effective exercise. However, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is considered to affect negatively the activation of the DCF. SCM muscle which is an accessory muscle for respiration is activated differently depending on types of breathing patterns. It's not certain that breathing patterns affect the SCM and DCF muscles thickness during CCF exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of breathing patterns on the SCM and DCF muscles thickness during CCF exercise. Methods: Forty-five subjects participated in this study, and they were classified according to their breathing pattern, as follows: costodiaphragmatic breathing (CDB) and upper costal breathing (UCB) groups. Ultrasonographic imaging of the SCM and DCF muscles was performed during five incremental levels of CCF during tidal breathing and expiration. Results: There was a significant interaction between the breathing pattern and the phase of CCF for percentage of SCM muscle thickness changes (p<.05). In phase 1 CCF, a percentage of SCM muscle thickness changes was increased in the UCB group than in the CDB group (p<.05). There was an increase in DCF muscles thickness with each additional CCF phase (p<.05). Conclusion: Recruitment of SCM muscle was increased in the UCB group while performing CCF with a low intensity. There were no significant differences on DCF recruitment between the breathing pattern groups. Higher CCF exercise intensities elicited a higher DCF recruitment.