• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.730-738
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between muscle strength of extremities and falls among community-dwelling elderly. Methods: Two hundred forty-seven participants were recruited from a public health center, a hall for the aged and a school for the aged in B city. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using questionnaires from May to September of 2007. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results: There was a significantly negative relationship between muscle strength of lower extremities and falls, muscle strength of left upper extremity and falls, and muscle strength of right upper extremity and falls. Depression positively correlated with falls. Depression showed mediating effects between muscle strength of extremities and falls. Weakness of muscle strength of extremities increased depression and the increased depression increased the frequencies of falls. Conclusion: For the effective management and prevention of community-dwelling older adults' falls, exercise programs including depression-decreasing strategies should be established. These exercise programs can decrease depression which is the mediator role between the degrees of muscle strength of extremities and falls.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.255-298
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to evaluate effects of a trunk muscle strength training on sitting balance of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Five individuals with spastic cerebral palsy(three females. two males; mean aged 6.6) participated three times a week over 6 weeks. Five individuals with spastic cerebral palsy(three females. two males; mean aged 7.0) who did not receive strength training served as control. BPM(Balance Performance Moniter) was used to measured sitting balance and EMG(electromyograph, NORAXON, USA) was used to measured activities of abdominal and erector spine muscle. The obtain result are as follows. 1. The result of this study were following that maximum perturbation area and perturbation velocity were significantly reduced strength training group compared with control group(p<.05). 2. The result of this study were following that maximum perturbation area and perturbation velocity were significantly reduced after strength training compared with pre strength training in strength training group(p<.05). 3. The result of this study were following that maximum perturbation area and perturbation velocity were not significantly reduced at interval of six week in control group(p<.05). 4. The result of this study were following that abdominal muscle activity was significantly increased strength training group compared with control group(p<.05). 5. The result of this study were following that erector spine muscle activity was significantly increased strength training group compared with control group(p<.05). 6. The result of this study were following that abdominal muscle activity and erector spine muscle were significantly increased after strength training compared with pre strength training in strength training group(p<.05). 7. The result of this study were following that abdominal muscle activity and erector spine muscle were not significantly increased at interval of six week in control group(p<.05). In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that improved sitting balance and increased activities of trunk muscle by trunk strength training in spastic cerebral palsy. The result was proposed that therapeutic approach of spastic cerebral palsy with impaired sitting balance should use trunk strength training.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Background: The purpose of our experimental study, we want to know a correlation study using the sonogram between the muscle strength and the diameter of Biceps brachii muscle by gender. So we set to hypothesis that Biceps brachii contracted maximally would be a diameter of the muscles increased according to the muscle strength will be increased. Methods: In this study, we measured the muscle strength of biceps brachii on contracting its maximum using the Biodex and the diameter of the muscles using Myo-Lab (25Gold). We experimented 30 subjects of twenty-aged men and women. The subjects is comprised of a persons who has not external injuries and pain of elbow joint, no mobility limitation of ROM, no experiences of surgery in past history. Result: We found that the men have a highly correlation between maximum strength and the diameter of the muscles more than women (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of our experimental study between the muscle diameter and the muscle strength to biceps brachii on relaxation and contraction is a statistically significant relation (r=.394), especially in rather men then women (p<.05). So this results would be based data for further clinical muscle efficiency application in physical therapy field.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.166-174
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• 2014

Background: Our study was to determine the effect on shoulder isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance in isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear and combined other rotator cuff tear. Methods: Total of 81 male patients (mean age $57.8{\pm}7.4$ years) who were diagnosed as a full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear were included. They were classified into isolated or combined tear. The isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance were measured using the Biodex multi-joint system $PRO^{(R)}$ (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA) in following movements: shoulder abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, external rotation, and internal rotation. Then, the difference in muscle function according to the type of tears were assessed. Fifty-seven patients had isolated supraspinatus tendon (mean age $56.9{\pm}7.3$ years). They were classified into either anteroposterior tear or modified mediolateral tear. The size were measured using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in sagittal plane. Results: Between subjects categorized into the type of tear, we found significant inter-categorical differences in isokinetic muscle strength during abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and internal rotation, and in muscle endurance during flexion, extension, and internal rotation. Anteroposterior diameter tear, we did not show significant differences in either isokinetic muscle strength or muscle endurance during any movements. However, with modified mediolateral diameter, we found significant differences with isokinetic muscle strength during adduction, and in muscle endurance the external rotation and internal rotation. Conclusions: We found that a supraspinatus tendon tear associated with more numbers of rotator cuff tears has lower isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance than a tear found alone.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2012

Objectives: To investigate the link between cigarette smoking and muscle strength in Japanese men. Methods: We used data on 4249 Japanese men, aged $43.3{\pm}13.9$ years, in this cross-sectional investigation study. Grip strength and leg strength were measured as indicators of overall muscle strength. Meanwhile, subjects' cigarette smoking habits were recorded by trained medical staff. The effect of cigarette smoking on muscle strength was evaluated. Results: A total of 1618 men (38.1%) were smokers and 1481 men (34.9%) exercised regularly. Significant differences in muscle strength were noted between men with and without a Brinkman index of 400 or greater, after adjusting for age. After adjusting for age, height, body weight and exercise habits, associations between the Brinkman index and leg strength and the ratio of leg strength to body weight were attenuated. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking might be negatively associated with muscle strength, especially grip strength in Japanese men.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of load and speed of treadmill exercise impact on muscle activity and muscle strength. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was conducted for 12 female student from G University. Treadmill exercise was divided into four groups (ULS, LLS, UHS, LHS). Results: 1) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in ULS, UHS (p<0.05). 2) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in LLS, LHS (p<0.05). 3) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in ULS, LLS (p<0.05). 4) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in UHS, LHS (p<0.05). 5 There was significant difference in muscle strength in LHS (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exercising with high speed and load has more influence on the muscle activity and muscle strength of the lower extremities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine correlations between grip and lower limb muscle strength and pulmonary function and respiratory muscle in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Subjects were 17 children with cerebral palsy. Inclusion criteria for participation were having GMFCS from I to III grade and ability to independently blow into a spirometer. Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle were measured with a spirometer. All subjects performed maximal expiratory flow maneuvers using a spirometer in order to determine their forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV1/FVC, and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Muscle strength was measured in terms of grip strength and lower limb muscle strength in terms of knee extension strength with a dynamometer and manual digital muscle tester respectively. Data were analyzed using Person product correlation. RESULTS: Grip strength significantly positively correlated with FVC (r=0.95, p<0.01), FEV1 (r=0.95, p<0.01), PEF (r=0.84, p<0.01), MIP (r=0.65, p<0.01) MEP (r=0.71, p<0.01) and lower limb strength with FVC (r=0.72, p<0.01), FEV1 (r=0.69, p<0.01), PEF (r=0.54, p<0.05), and MEP (r=0.69, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Grip and lower limb muscle strengths of children with cerebral palsy were positively correlated pulmonary function and respiratory muscle.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2020

Background: Prolonged standing during work causes a lower extremity pain and disorders. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the common diagnoses of the knee pain. Although the etiology of PFPS is not completely understood, it is considered to be multifactorial. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate difference in strength of knee muscles, quadriceps:hamstring muscles strength ratio (Q:H ratio), asymmetry ratio of knee muscles strength and dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) between standing workers with and without PFPS. Methods: Twenty-eight standing workers with PFPS and 26 age-, height-, and weight-matched standing workers without PFPS participated in this study. A tension sensor measured knee muscle strength, and motion sensor measured dorsiflexion ROM. The asymmetry ratio of knee muscles was calculated by a specific formula using the knee muscles strength of the dominant side and the sound side. An independent t-test was used to identify significant differences in the strength, ROM, Q:H ratio, and asymmetry ratio between the PFPS and normal groups. Results: The standing worker with PFPS have significantly lower dorsiflexion ROM (p < 0.000) and higher asymmetry ratio of the hamstring muscles strength (p < 0.000) compare to the standing worker without PFPS. No significant differences were seen in the strength of quadriceps muscle and hamstring muscles, Q:H ratio, and asymmetry ratio of quadriceps muscle strength. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the asymmetry ratio of the isometric hamstring muscle strength. This finding suggests that the asymmetry ratio of isometric hamstring muscle strength may be more important than measuring only the hamstring muscle strength of the PFPS side. Furthermore, the results of this study showed a significant difference in dorsiflexion ROM between the standing industrial workers with and without PFPS. Dorsiflexion ROM and isometric hamstring muscle strength should be considered when evaluating the subjects with PFPS.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.2336-2344
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• 2008

In this paper, muscular activity and muscle fatigue of FDI(first dorsal interosseous muscle) and thenar muscle of hand was analyzed with surface EMG signal based on four kinds of attitudes(grip, tip, key and palmar) to measure grip strength and pinch strength after hand operation and rehabilitation treatment. The normative data are needed to interpret evaluation data to assess a patient's ability to return to labor environment. The preceding researchers proposed the standard data only by studying on maximum grip strength and the maximum pinch strength followed by each attitude of subjects' hands. But in this study, the muscle activity and muscle fatigue were considered under the various attitude to propose normative data. As a results, the muscle fatigue may be used only for presentation of normative data in labor environment.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2023

Background: This study was to investigate the effects of coordinative locomotor training(CLT) using elastic bands on pain, dynamic balance, muscle strength, and muscle activity of female college students with patellofemoral pain syndrome(PFPS). Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Twenty-six female college students with PFPS were assigned randomly to an experimental(n=13) or control(n=13) group. The experimental group performed CLT using an elastic band. The control group performed squat exercises to strengthen muscle strength. The 30-minute inter- vention was applied a total of twelve times, three times a week for four weeks. All subjects measured the pain, the muscle strength, the dynamic balance, and the muscle activity(VL/VM ratio) before and after intervention. A paired t-test was used for the determination of differences before and after treatment, and an independent t-test was used for the determination of differences between treatment groups. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant differences in pain, muscle strength, dynamic balance, and VL/VM ratio after the experiment(p<0.05), and the control group showed significant differences in pain, muscle strength, and dynamic balance after the experiment(p<0.05). In comparison between the two groups, the experimental group showed more significant differences in pain, dynamic balance, and VL/VM ratio than the control group(p<0.05), and the control group showed more significant differences in muscle strength than the experimental group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, CLT using elastic bands effectively improved the pain, muscle strength, dynamic balance, and VL/VM ratio of female college students with PFPS.