• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2012

Myostatin (MSTN)은 TGF (transforming growth factor)-beta family에 속하며, 골격근 성장의 억제 조절인자로서 여러 포유류에서 MSTN 유전자 돌연변이는 골격근 증가를 유도한다. MSTN prodomain은 MSTN의 생물학적 활성을 저해하는데, MSTN prodomain이 과 발현된 쥐에서 과도한 근육축적이 확인되었다. 로티퍼(rotifer; Brachionus rotundiformis)는 치어기 어류의 양식산업에 있어 주요한 일차적 먹이생물이다. 그러나 로티퍼에서 MSTN 및 MSTN prodomain의 기능과 발현 유무는 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 재조합 MSTN prodomains이로티퍼에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하고자 하였다. 로티퍼 개체배양 실험을 통하여 재조합 MSTN prodomains(pMALc2x-poMSTNpro, pAMLc2x-sMSTNpro)에 의한 로티퍼의 생식 전 단계, 순 생식단계, 생식 후 단계, 산란, 수명, 포란, 수컷 발생률을 확인하였으며, 또한 pMALc2x-poMSTNpro와 pAMLc2x-sMSTNpro이 밀집배양에서 로티퍼의 개체성장에 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 확인하였다. 그 결과 농도가 1, 2, 4 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 pMALc2x-poMSTNpro를 처리한 실험군과 0.25 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 4 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도까지 pMALc2x-sMSTNpro를 처리한 실험군에서 로티퍼의 생식 전 단계가 아무처리하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 짧아졌다. 밀집배양 실험에 있어 pMALc2x-poMSTNpro와 pMALc2x-sMSTNpro 모두 로티퍼의 개체 수를 증가를 유도하여, 재조합 MSTN prodomains에 의해서 로티퍼의 reprodution에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 재조합 MSTN prodomains이 어떠한 수용체를 이용하여 신호를 전달하는지에 대한 연구는 앞으로 더 진행되어야 하며, 본 연구의 결과는 재조합 MSTN prodomains이 미세조류에서의 기능 및 메커니즘연구에 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of ginseng administration on T lymphocyte induced local xenogenic graft-versus-host(GVM) reactions which were induced with thymocyte, spleen cell and lymph node cell of ICR mice. Mice received daily 10mg of 70% alcohol ginseng extract oral1y for 100days and control mice remained untreated for the same period of time. The cells from donor mice were injected intradermally into the closely shaven abdominal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats for GVH tests. The thymocyte from control(ginseng-untreated) mice showed a negative local GVH reaction, whereas thymocyte from experimental(ginseng-treated) mice showed a positive reaction with the rate of 17.4%. When spleen cells were injected, the incidence of positive local GVH reaction was 66.7% among ginseng-treated mice, as opposed to incidence of 45.5% of positive local GVH reaction among control mice. The incidence of positive local GVH reaction of the lymph node cells when injected into a recipient was 71.4% among ginseng-treated mice as compared with that of 18.9% among control mice. The relationship between spleen cell inoculum and intensity of the local GVH reaction was assessed in ginseng-untreated mice. The intensity of GVH reaction clearly appears to be dose related. In ginseng-treated mice, a minimum of $1{\times}10^7$ spleen cell was required for production of positive local GVH reaction with almost linear relationship up to an inoculum of $5{\times}10^8$ cells. In control mice, however, a minimum of $1{\times}10^8$ spleen cells was required for positive GVH reaction. These results strongly suggest that the ginseng administration augments significantly the local xenogenic GVH reaction which was used to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence of mice and in addition to this, these results appear to support previous suggestions that the local GVH reaction consitutes a qualitative test of the functional activity of T lymphocytes. These results may be the first to induce local GVH reaction, employing rats as recipient and mice as donor. This study was also desingned to investigate some of the effects of ginseng extract on lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. This was accomplished by in vitro quantification of 1) migratory inhibitory factor(MIF) synthetic capacity of splenic lymphocytes in mice previously primed with ginseng 2) MIF responsiveness of mouse peritoneal macrophages or chicken peripheral leucocytes under the presence of ginseng extract 3) migration ability of chicken peripheral leucocytes by direct stimulation of ginseng extract or ginseng saponin and 4) immunosuppressive effects of immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A or dexamethasone. Mice divided equally into the ginseng and the saline groups, which received intraperitoneally daily 0.2ml of ginseng absolute alcohol-extract(5mg/ml) and same amount of saline for 15 days, respectively. The cellular immune responsiveness of these mice was assayed 15 days after ginseng pretreatment. Splenic lymphocytes of mice treated with ginseng, when stimulated with sensitized specific-antigen such as sheep red blood cells or toxoplasmin, or with polyclonal activator concanavalin A, produced significantly more MIF than those of control saline group. MIF responsiveness of normal mouse macrophages was significantly augmented when assayed under the presence of ginseng extract (1mg/ml). The migratory ability of normal chicken leucocytes in the absence of MIF was significantly decreased by the stimulation of ginseng extract alone. MIF response was significantly decreased by immunosuppressants and this impaired response was not restored by ginseng pretreatment. This study was additionally performed to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis in mice. ICR mice were infected experimentally by esophageal incubation of 300 T. spiralis infective muscle larvae prepared by acid-pepsin digestion of infected mice. and received oral administration of 70% alcohol ginseng extract(10mg/mouse/day) for the indicated days plus 4 days before infection. At various times after infection, the number of adult T. spiralis worms in small intestines was determined. Interestingly, ginseng-treatment was accompanied by accelerated expulson of T. spiralis. These results led to the conclusion that Panax ginseng caused some enhancing effect on GVH reaction, macrophage migration inhibition reaction and expulsion of T. spiralis. In addition these results suggested that the mechanisms responsible for this enhancement of ginseng may be chiefly or partially due to nonspecific stimulation of cell-mediated immune response.