• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.260-272
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• 2010

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects' outcomes after a nutrition education (once/week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDLcholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$ and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.282-292
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• 2023

Objectives: Bone health in early adulthood, as individuals approach peak bone mass, plays a critical role in preventing osteoporosis later in life. This study aimed to investigate the associations between lifestyle and dietary factors, anthropometric measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 healthy Korean adults (50 men and 50 women) in their 20s and early 30s. Bone mineral density (BMD), anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (24-hour recall), and urinary bone resorption indicators (deoxypyridinoline and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were analyzed. Variables were compared between the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (OSTEO group: 30% men and 60% women) and the healthy control group. Results: Men in the OSTEO group were significantly taller than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly lower body weight and body composition (muscle and body fat) than those in the normal group (P < 0.01). Men in the OSTEO group had a significantly higher intake of animal calcium (Ca) than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly higher dietary fiber, vitamin A, Ca, plant Ca, and potassium intake than did those in the normal group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in caffeinated beverage consumption, eating habits, or urinary bone resorption indicators between the OSTEO and control groups of either sex. Conclusions: In our study of young South Korean adults, we observed low bone density levels, with particularly low BMD in taller men and underweight women. We found a higher nutrient intake in the OSTEO group, indicating the possibility of reverse causality, a phenomenon often found in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, there is a need to further elucidate dietary factors related to osteoporosis in young adults through prospective cohort studies involving a larger population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2015

Muscle atrophy, known as a sarcopenia, is defined as a loss of muscle mass resulting from a reduction in the muscle fiber area or density due to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and an increase in protein breakdown. Schisandrae fructus (SF) extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baillon has been used as a tonic in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Although a great deal of work has been carried out on the therapeutic potential of SF, its pharmacological mechanisms of action in muscle diseases actions remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SF ethanol extracts on the production of muscle atrophy factors in C2C12 myotubes stimulated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator, and sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. AICAR upregulated atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and stimulated the levels of the forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcription factor in the C2C12 myotubes. SF supplementation effectively and concentration- dependently counteracted AICAR-induced muscle cell atrophy and reversed the increased expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a. Our study demonstrates that SF can reverse the muscle cell atrophy caused by AICAR through regulation of the AMPK and FoxO3a signaling pathways, followed by inhibition of MuRF-1.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2019

Background: Physicians tend to overcorrect when applying the acellular dermal matrix for reconstructive option because of volume decrement problem after absorption comparing with initial volume. However, there are no studies on the exact volume decrement and absorption rate with commercial products in South Korea. To figure out absorption rate of acellular dermal matrix product in South Korea (Megaderm), authors designed this experiment. Methods: Nine mice were used and randomly divided into three groups by the time with sacrificing. The implant (Megaderm) was tailored to fit a cuboid form ($1.0cm{\times}1.0cm$ in length and width and 2.0 mm in thickness). A skin incision was made at anterior chest with blade #15 scalpel with exposing the pectoralis major muscle. As hydrated Megaderm was located upon the pectoralis major muscle, the skin was sutured with Ethilon #5-0. After the surgical procedure, each animal group was sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, for biopsies and histological analysis of the implants. All samples were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining and the thickness were measured. A measurements were analyzed using Friedman test. Statistically, the correlation between thicknesses of Megaderm before and after implantation was analyzed. Results: After sacrificing the animal groups at postoperative 4, 8, 12 weeks, the mean tissue thickness values were $2.10{\pm}1.03mm$, $2.17{\pm}0.21mm$, and $2.40{\pm}0.20mm$ (p= 0.368), respectively. The remaining ratios after absorption comparing with after initial hydrated Megaderm were 82.7%, 85.4%, and 94.5%, respectively. In histopathological findings, neovascularization and density of collagenous fiber was increased with time. Conclusion: Author's hypothesis was absorption rate of implant would be increased over time. But in this experiment, there is no statistical significance between mean absorption thickness of implant and the time (p= 0.368). Also it can be affected by graft site, blood supply, and animals that were used in the experiment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of reduced dietary crude protein (CP) with a synthetic indispensable amino acids (AA) supplement on the growth performance, economics, and breast meat quality. A total of 450 male broilers (Ross 308) were used from the age of 7 to 28 days. On d 7, the birds were individually weighed and randomly assigned to three treatment diets with six replicate pens for each treatment in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets were: (1) a control diet, (2) a diet with a reduction of 1% of the dietary CP with synthetic AA supplements to meet the indispensable AA requirement (OAA) of broiler chickens, and (3) a diet with a reduction of 1% of the dietary CP with synthetic Lys, Met, and Thr supplementation to exceed 5% of the indispensable AA requirement (HAA). There were no differences among the treatments on the final body weight, weight gain, and feed intake. However, the HAA diet impaired the feed conversion ratio at d 21 and during the overall feeding periods (P<0.05). The predicted total feed intake and feed price required to reached 1.5 kg BW was higher than for the birds fed the HAA diet (P<0.05). The breast meat muscle fiber cross sectional area and fiber density varied between the treatments (P<0.05). However, there were no differences in breast meat weight. In conclusion, reducing 1% of dietary CP had no adverse effects on the growth performance or breast meat yields.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1898-1904
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on the growth performance, slaughter traits, myofiber, and adenine nucleotide of meat-type rabbits. Methods: Experimental treatments consisted of control (CON) and GAA addition at 0.04% (T1), 0.08% (T2), and 0.12% (T3) of diet. A total of 240 weaned rabbits (meat-type male Chinese black rabbits) were randomly distributed into four groups with six replicates of ten rabbits each. Results: Results showed that the three doses of GAA increased (p<0.05) final body weight, carcass weight, the density and area of quadriceps femoris fiber; and T3 showed significant effects (p<0.05) on weight gain, feed/gain, and dressing percentage, and the traits of longissimus fiber, compared to CON. Dietary GAA increased (p<0.05) the meat color a^* and b^* in longissimus and quadriceps; and T3 showed the lowest (p<0.05) shear force of longissimus. Furthermore, GAA increased (p<0.05) the contents of adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotide in longissimus and quadriceps. In longissimus adenosine triphosphate, total adenine nucleotide, and adenylate energy charges, T3 treatment was most effective (p<0.05); while T2 and T3 treatment was more effective (p<0.05) than T1 in quadriceps. Additionally, linear or quadratic responses (p<0.05) to the increased doses of GAA were found on body weight gain, meat color, total adenine nucleotide, and adenylate energy charges. Conclusion: It is concluded that GAA can be used in the rabbit diet to improve growth and carcass traits, and these are related to the high levels of muscle adenine nucleotide.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.110-119
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• 2022

Musculoskeletal pains (MPs), defined as persistent or recurrent pain, is a complex health problem. High overall calorie and fat intake have been related to obesity and MPs. Dietary energy density (DED), defined as energy content of food and beverages (in kcal) per unit total weight, has been associated with chronic muscle, cartilage, bone damage and pain. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between DED and MPs in adult men and women. A total of 175 men and women (> 18 years) with MP participated in the study. A validated short form physical activity (PA) questionnaire, demographic, and McGill Pain Questionnaire were used. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated via standard protocols. Furthermore, a seven-day 24-hour recall of diet was used to determine the dietary intake. Total DED was calculated and divided into quartiles. Linear regression was used to discern the association between DED and MPs in adults. Participants assigned in the highest category of DED were characterized by lower intake of potassium, magnesium, vitamin C, folate, and fiber. However, results showed displayed higher intake of sodium, vitamin E, vitamin B3, fat, protein, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001). Finally, after adjustment for confounders such as age, gender, PA, body mass index, waist circumference, education, job, marital status, history of some chronic diseases and vitamin C supplementation, a significant positive association was detected between DED and pain intensity. There was no significant association between DED and pain frequency in all models.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1259-1259
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• 2001

Meat becomes brown and rancid during storage in the refrigerator and display in the case. Color changes, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation are the important problems in the transportation / distribution of meat and retail display. The freshness of meat is determined by the sense of vision and smell. Since conventional method determining lipid oxidation is time consuming and destructive (it needs to homogenize meat with reagents, filtrate, time for reaction and read optical density using spectroscopy), more rapid and nondestructive technical tools are desired. The objective of this work was to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining meat color, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation. in beef, pork and chicken. Semitendinosus and longissimus thoracis muscles from six beef steers, biceps femoris and longissimus thoracis muscles from twelve LWD crossbred pigs, and superficial pectoral muscles from twenty-four broilers were used. About a 5-cm diameter and 1-cm thick sample (20.0g) was cut from the muscle and placed on plastic foam, over-wrapped with PVC film, and displayed under flourescent lights at 4 degrees C. during 10 days for beef and pork or 4 days for chicken. The spectra was measured by NIR systems Model 5500 Spectrophotometer using fiber optic scan at range of 400 - 1100 nm. Data were recorded at 2 nm intervals and 10 scans / 10 sec were averaged for every sample. Data obtained were saved as log 1/Re, where Re is the reflectance energy, and then mathematically transformed to second derivatives to reduce effects of differences in particle size. $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$, and metmyoglobin formation were determined by conventional spectrophotometer using the integrating sphere unit. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured for lipid oxidation. A multiple linear regression was used to find the equation which would best fit the data. The number of wavelengths used in the equation was selected based on the fewer number compared to the increasing multiple correlation and Decreasing standard error. (omitted)

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to understand histochemical and ultrastructural changes by acupuncture stimulation at the acupoint of the Zusanli (St. 36) in the rat. A lot of mast cells are observed in the peripheral of the hole with a sparrow-pecking and twistin -needle manipulation to the acupoint Zusanli for induction of 'Qi'. These cells contained a lot of granules with varied electron density and exocytosis granules were observed near the mast cell. H-bands of the muscle fiber that situated near the hole were shortened. It is assumed that these muscles are contracted by acupuncture stimulation. These results imply that functional relationship between mast cells in the dermis and Qi-sensation induced by acupuncture plays an important role on the specific receptor response to the mechanical stimulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2010

Comparisons of properties between skeletal ryanodine receptor 1 (sRyR1)-heterozygous-mutated and normal types of meat were carried out in pigs using PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat found during the butchering process. All samples considered to be PSE meat showed irregular running and disorder of the muscle fibers and a wider inter-fiber space upon light microscopic observation. Electron microscopy revealed disintegration, twisting, and disorder of the myofibril arrangement and elimination of the Z line in PSE meat, compared with normal meat. Meat property tests demonstrated greater decreases in water holding capacity, moisture and sarcoplasmic protein, and higher $L^*$ values for the meat color index in PSE meat than in normal meat, but there were no differences in these factors between genetically normal and sRyR1-heterozygous PSE meat. On the other hand, higher $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were observed in sRyR1-heterozygous than in normal PSE meat, and similar alterations to the a* value were observed in terms of the amount of myoglobin and density of the 17-kDa protein band, corresponding to the molecular mass of myoglobin, on SDS-PAGE gels. These results suggest that sRyR1-heterozygous PSE pork contains much more myoglobin than genetically normal PSE meat.