• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2012

Peripheral nerve injuries in the oral and maxillofacial regions require nerve repairs for the recovery of sensory and/or motor functions. Primary indications for the peripheral nerve grafts are injuries or continuity defects due to trauma, pathologic conditions, ablation surgery, or other diseases, that cannot regain normal functions without surgical interventions, including microneurosurgery. For the autogenous nerve graft, sural nerve and greater auricular nerve are the most common donor nerves in the oral and maxillofacial regions. The sural nerve has been widely used for this purpose, due to the ease of harvest, available nerve graft up to 30 to 40 cm in length, high fascicular density, a width of 1.5 to 3.0 mm, which is similar to that of the trigeminal nerve, and minimal branching and donor sity morbidity. Many different surgical techniques have been designed for the sural nerve harvesting, such as a single longitudinal incision, multiple stair-step incisions, use of nerve extractor or tendon stripper, and endoscopic approach. For a better understanding of the sural nerve graft and in avoiding of uneventful complications during these procedures as an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, the related surgical anatomies with their harvesting tips are summarized in this review article.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2016

Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a common problem in children and adolescent. The prevalence of dental trauma among children with disability as compared to healthy children. The TDI of an immature permanent tooth can lead to the loss of pulp vitality and arrested root development. Traditionally, the treatment of choice for necrotic immature tooth is apexification, which is induction of hard tissue barrier at the apex to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. This case report describes the treatment of a necrotic immature permanent central incisor with complicated crown fracture. The patient had multiple disabilities (cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease, developmental delay, and gait disturbance) and suffered from She was suffered from repetitive traumatic injury. Apexification and resin restoration was performed under general anesthesia, and favorable clinical results were achieved.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.18.3-19
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• 1983

Choanal atresia, described first by Johann Roedere (1755) is an obstruction between the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal vault, and the diagnosis and treatment were developed because of severity of the disease. Embryologically, incomplete development of olfactory pit, or failure of nasobuccal membrane to rupture, or persistent remaining of buccopharyngeal membrane, etc, all forms the congenital choanal atresia. And the acquired type was the result from syphilis or diphtheria with a resultant stenosing cicatrix and after the inexpert surgery and the trauma. Multiple abnormalities may be present particularly affecting the head, the heart and the alimentary system in the congenital type. The operative technique employed would depend upon the type of obstruction(whether membranous or bony), the age of the patient, and the presence or absence of any associated pathologic condition. Since Emmert (1853) first tried blind puncture of the atretic plate with the trocar, other surgical techniques have been introduced over the years for the correction of choanal atresia, which were the transnasal, transpalatal, transantral and the transseptal approach. Among them, transpalatal approach was proved to be a popular technique, that it provides a direct route, thus permitting an exact reconstruction and low restenosis rate. Recently, we have experienced two cases of choanal atresia and treated successfully with transpalatal approach, so authors report these cases with a review of the literature.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2018

Background: The facial bone has a complex structure compared to other bones, and various types of fractures can occur due to its characteristics. Among them, in comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall, multiple depressed and impacted bony segments cannot be reduced easily when performing internal fixation using plates and screws or wires, and inadequate restoration leads to a range of complications. This paper introduces an alternative technique using a resorbable mesh with fibrin glue to restore comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall. Methods: Thirteen patients were diagnosed with comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall between March 2017 and February 2018 in the authors' hospital. All patients with comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall underwent restoration using resorbable mesh with fibrin glue. The patients' demographics, causes of facial trauma, mean operation time, length of hospital stay, follow-up period, and complications were recorded. Results: No major complications and only one hypoesthesia of the skin area was noted. Three months after surgery, the hypoesthesia recovered completely. After surgery (mean, 3.9 months; range, 2-12 months), computed tomography showed that the bone fragments in all patients were fixed successfully in their anatomical places. Conclusion: In comminuted fractures of anterior maxillary wall, the use of a resorbable mesh with fibrin glue can be an advantageous and effective method for a successful restoration without complications.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objective: Chronic otitis media is an inflammation and infection of the middle ear which is persistent. Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly, multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids. A chronic ear may be the result of an acute ear infection that does not clear completely, or the result of recurrent ear infections. A chronic ear infection may be more destructive than an acute ear infection because its effects are prolonged, and it may cause permanent damage to the ear. Methods : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am until 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled within $22{\pm}0.5{\circ}$ and water and food were not limited. The extracts which were extracted from Hwangginaetak-san devided low dose group( 1.0g/kg-HN) and high dose group(3.0g/kg-HN), they were intragastrically administered to the mouse of sample A and sample B prior to LPS I.P injection. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by LPS, we measured the WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma. Results: 1. Hwangginaetak-san decreased WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS 2. Hwangginaetak-san decreased IL-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. Hwangginaetak-san didn't decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS Conclusion: According to above results, Hwangginaetak-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So Hwangginaetak-san is considered to be used for treatment of chronic otitis media by controlling the WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.430-435
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was a virtual reality-based balance training program effective for improvement in physical function, examined the balance ability and fall efficacy of elderly women with experienced falls, intending to examine the program's usefulness as an exercise program to prevent the recurrence of a fall. Methods: The participants were 30 elderly women aged 65 or older who met the conditions. The participants were randomly assigned to either a balance training group (BT) or a virtual reality-based balance training group (VT) and received the training three times per week, 30 minutes per day, for six weeks. To measure static balance, the Tetrax Portable Multiple System (Tetrax Ltd, Israel) were used. To measure dynamic balance, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and functional reach test (FRT) was used, and regarding fall efficacy, the Korean Fall Efficacy Scale (K-FES) was used. Results: Tetrax significantly improved after the intervention in both the BT group and the VT group (p<0.05). The comparison between the two groups was not significantly. BBS and FRT result significantly improved after the intervention in both the BT and VT groups (p<0.001), while K-FES was significantly ameliorated in the VT group only (p<.05). Comparing the groups, there were more significant changes in the BBS (p<0.05) and FRT (p<0.01) result of the VT group than the BT group. Conclusion: A virtual reality-based balance training program is considered to be usable as an exercise program to prevent recurrence of falls in elderly women.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2008

Purpose: Supraventricular arrhythmia is a well-known complication of cardiothoracic surgery, and is common in patients wirth underlying cardiovascular disease. Also, it's treatment and prognosis are well known. However the incidence, the contributing factors, and the prognosis for supraventricular arrhythmias in noncardiothoracic surgical patients are less well known. This study was undertaken to investigate the incidence, the clinical presentation, the prognosis, and the factors comtributing to the prognosis for supraventricular arrhythmia in the surgical intensive care unit. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 34 patients with newly developed or aggravated supraventricular arrhythmias in the surgical intensive care unit between March 2004 and February 2005. The incidence, the risk factors, and the prognosis of supraventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. Results: During a 12month period, the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmia was 1.79% (34/1896). Most patients had pre-existing cardiovascular disease and sepsis. The mortality rate was 29.4%, and the most common cause of death was multiple organ failure due to septic shock. The mean value of the APACHE II score was 20.9, and the surgical intensive care unit and the hospital lengths of stay were 9.9 days and 25.8 days, respectively. The APACHE II score measured when the arrhythmia developed was a significant factor in predicting mortality, Conclusion: Supraventricular arrhythmias result in increased mortality and increased length of stay in both the surgical intensive care unit and the hospital. The arrhythmia itself did not cause death, but a high APACHE II score incicated a poor prognosis. This may reflect the severity of the illness rather than an independent contributor to mortality.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the perceived nursing work environment (NWE) on person-centered critical care nursing (PCCN) practices among nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods : A cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study; participants were 126 ICU nurses working in five hospitals in B city. From December 2018 to February 2019, a survey questionnaire on NWE and PCCN were conducted. The collected data were analyzed with a multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Results : The mean score for NWE was $2.98{\pm}0.39$. Among the factors, basic work system was the highest ($3.39{\pm}0.41$), followed by leadership of the head nurse ($3.31{\pm}0.55$), interpersonal relationships ($2.77{\pm}0.62$), and institutional support ($2.58{\pm}0.52$). The mean score for PCCN was $3.52{\pm}0.46$. Among the factors, comfort was the highest ($3.77{\pm}0.62$), followed by respect ($3.55{\pm}0.56$), compassion ($3.43{\pm}0.60$), and individuality ($3.38{\pm}0.56$). The interpersonal relationship (${\beta}=.31$, p=.001) and the number of patients per shift (${\beta}=-.23$, p=.005) had a significant effect on PCCN, accounting for 25.9% of the total variance. Conclusion : These results suggest that it is necessary to enhance the relationship-oriented culture and reduce the workload of nurses in order to improve the quality of nursing care in ICUs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

Purpose: The detection and exact localization of penetrating foreign bodies are crucial for the appropriate management of patients with dentoalveolar trauma. This study compared the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and spiral computed tomography (CT) scans for the detection of different foreign bodies composed of 5 frequently encountered materials in 2 sizes. The effect of the location of the foreign bodies on their visibility was also analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, metal, tooth, stone, glass, and plastic particles measuring 1×1×1 mm and 2×2×2 mm were prepared. They were implanted in a sheep's head in the tongue muscle, nasal cavity, and at the interface of the mandibular cortex and soft tissue. CBCT and spiral CT scans were taken and the visibility of foreign bodies was scored by 4 skilled maxillofacial radiologists who were blinded to the location and number of foreign bodies. Results: CT and CBCT were equally accurate in visualizing metal, stone, and tooth particles of both sizes. However, CBCT was better for detecting glass particles in the periosteum. Although both imaging modalities visualized plastic particles poorly, CT was slightly better for detecting plastic particles, especially the smaller ones. Conclusion: Considering the lower patient radiation dose and cost, CBCT can be used with almost equal accuracy as CT for detecting foreign bodies of different compositions and sizes in multiple maxillofacial regions. However, CT performed better for detecting plastic particles.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.403-408
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• 2020

Objectives: Appropriate and accurate local anesthetic (LA) techniques are indispensable in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery to obtain a satisfactory outcome for both the operating surgeon and the patient. When used alone, the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique requires supplemental injections like long buccal nerve block for extraction of mandibular molars leading to multiple traumatic experiences for the patient. The aim of this study was to anesthetize the inferior alveolar, lingual, and long buccal nerves with single-needle penetration requiring a minimal skillset such as administering a conventional IANB through introduction of the Benny Joseph technique for extraction of mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Dental College, Calicut, India. The duration of the study was 6 months, from June to November 2017, with a maximum sample size of 616 cases. The LA solution was 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline. The patients were selected from a population in the range of 20 to 40 years of age who reported to the outpatient department for routine dental extraction of normally positioned mandibular right or left first or second molars. Results: Of the 616 patients, 42 patients (6.8%) required re-anesthetization, a success rate of 93.2%. There were no complications such as hematoma formation, trismus, positive aspiration, and nerve injuries. None of the cases required re-anesthetization in the perioperative period. Conclusion: The Benny Joseph technique can be employed and is effective compared with conventional IANB techniques by reducing trauma to the patient and also requires less technique sensitivity.