• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2016

A graphical diagnostic method based on multiple case deletions in a regression context is introduced by using the sampling distribution of the difference between two least squares estimators with and without multiple cases. Principal components analysis plays a key role in deriving this diagnostic method. Multiple case deletions of test statistic are also considered when a new observation is fitted to a given regression model. The result is useful for detecting influential observations in econometric data analysis, for example in checking whether the consumption pattern at a later time is the same as the one found before or not, as well as for investigating the influence of cases in the usual regression model. An illustrative example is given.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2002

We study the influence of observations on testing a linear hypothesis using single and multiple case-deletions. The change in the F-test statistic due to case-deletions is shown to be completely determined by two externally Studentized residuals. These residuals we used for investigating the outlyingness when there are linear constraints or not. An illustrative example is given. It shows the usefulness of case-deletions.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2008

In multivariate regression analysis there exist many influence measures on the regression estimates. However it seems to be few of influence diagnostics on test statistics in hypothesis testing. Case-deletion approach is fundamental for investigating influence of observations on estimates or statistics. Tang and Fung (1997) derived single case-deletion of the Wilks' ratio, Lawley-Hotelling trace, Pillai's trace for testing a general linear hypothesis of the regression coefficients in multivariate regression. In this paper we derived more extended form of those measures to deal with joint influence among observations. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effect of joint influence on the test statistics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.831-835
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• 2003

저자들은 특징적인 안면 기형과 발열이 있는 semilobar type의 holoprosencephaly 환아에서 국내에서는 보고된 바 없는 염색체 검사상 21번 염색체 단체성이 동반된 holoprosencephaly 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2019

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a malformation of cortical development in which normal neurons inappropriately cluster in periventricular areas. Patients with Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) typically present with facial gestalt, complex neurologic problems (e.g., severe developmental delay with marked speech impairment and epilepsy), and multiple anomalies (e.g., Hirschsprung disease, urogenital anomalies, congenital heart defects, eye anomalies, and agenesis of the corpus callosum [CC]). MWS is mostly caused by haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) due to premature stops or large deletions. We present a case report of a 9-year-old girl with PNH, drug-responsive epilepsy, severe intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphisms only in whom we performed whole-exome sequencing and found a de novo heterozygous missense mutation (c.3134A>C; p.His1045Pro) of ZEB2 (NM_014795.3; NP_055610.1). This mild case of MWS caused by a rare novel missense mutation of ZEB2 represents the first report of MWS with isolated PNH.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.789-793
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• 2007

기저세포 모반 증후군은 피부의 기저세포 암종, 악골의 치성 각화낭종, 손, 발바닥의 소와, 이소성 석회화, 기저세포 모반 증후군의 가족력 등을 주요 특징으로 하는 상염색체 우성 유전 질환이다. 저자들은 갑자기 커지는 좌측 안면부 종물을 주소로 내원한 9세 남자 환아에서 외관상 특징적인 소견 관찰되고 분자유전학적 검사에서 PTCH 유전자의 결손 확인되어 기저세포 모반 증후군 확진된 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.355-358
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• 2013

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disease with a distinctive dysmorphic face, intellectual disability, and multiple congenital abnormalities. KS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. As the primary cause of KS, MLL2 mutations have been identified in 56-76% of affected individuals who have been tested, suggesting that there may be additional genes associated with KS. Recently, a few KS individuals have been found to have de novo partial or complete deletions of an X chromosome gene, KDM6A, which encodes a histone demethylase that interacts with MLL2. Nevertheless, mutations in MLL2 are the major cause of KS. Although there are a few reports of KS patients in Korea, none of these had been confirmed by genetic analysis. Here, we report a case of a Korean patient with clinical features of KS. Using direct sequencing, we identified a frameshift heterozygous mutation for MLL2 : (c.5256_5257delGA;p.Lys1753Alafs$^*34$). Clinically, the patient presented with typical facial features, and diagnosis of KS was based on the diagnostic criteria. While KS is a rare disease, other malformations that overlap with those found in individuals with KS are common. Hence, the diagnosis of KS by mutational analysis can be a valuable method for patients with KS-like syndromes. Furthermore, in the near future, other genes could be identified in patients with KS without a detectable MLL2 mutation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a family of DNA sequences originally discovered as a type of acquired immunity in prokaryotes such as bacteria and archaea. In many CRISPR systems, the functional ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are composed of CRISPR protein and guide RNAs. They selectively bind and cleave specific target DNAs or RNAs, based on sequences complementary to the guide RNA. The specific targeted cleavage of the nucleic acids by CRISPR has been broadly utilized in genome editing methods. In the process of genome editing of eukaryotic cells, CRISPR-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) at specific genomic loci activate the endogenous DNA repair systems and induce mutations at the target sites with high efficiencies. Two of the major endogenous DNA repair machineries are non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR). In case of DSB, the two repair pathways operate in competition, resulting in several possible outcomes including deletions, insertions, and substitutions. Due to the inherent stochasticity of DSB-based genome editing methods, it was difficult to achieve defined single-base changes without unanticipated random mutation patterns. In order to overcome the heterogeneity in DSB-mediated genome editing, novel methods have been developed to incorporate precise single-base level changes without inducing DSB. The approaches utilized catalytically compromised CRISPR in conjunction with base-modifying enzymes and DNA polymerases, to accomplish highly efficient and precise genome editing of single and multiple bases. In this review, we introduce some of the advances in single-base level CRISPR genome editing methods and their applications.