• Journal of architectural history
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.50-72
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• 1996

The typical Japanese house has the characteristics of open dwellings to make them cool in the hot and humid summer. And then the traditional town house 'Machiya', being built very closely to each other and walled up both sides, it has taken the open-oriented characteristics in itself. The purpose of this study is to clarify that the open-oriented of traditional 'Machiya' has been succeeded to the new 'Machiya' in the latest. The new 'Machiya' shows the open-oriented, taking the ventilative 'Huki-nuke' space of traditional 'Machiya' as the new spatial formal elements, in the changes such as scale material space organization. The characteristics of 'Huki-nuke' space are represented as follows ; 1. The facade of the traditional 'Machiya', which has taken on a semitransparent qualty, has been generally changed to the closing qualty except for the open parts of shop and garage. This facade of the new 'Machiya' has been taken to be in keeping with the existing town as much as possible. 2. A series of three rooms, composed of shop/living dining kitchen/room from the road, have been dispersed to every floors in a building with a very extensive scale. But this serial and linear type remains as the loosefit space, and the long dwellings of the upper stories are divided by type each dwelling unit. 3. 'Tori-niwa', which is a consecutive and penetrating space, connects the road with the rooms of dwelling and functions as the circulation of man thing energy, The new 'Machiya' changed to the multi-story, the corridor and the stair have been fumed up as the elements in the place of 'Tori-niwa' The 'Huki-nuke' space was locted in the hall, stairwell, living dining kitchen room, and so on. 4. The small court yard 'Tsubo-niwa' and back yard 'Ura-niwa' at the both ends of living spaces would be made a hole in a series of rooms and enclosed by the neighboring 'Machiya'. On the contrary the new 'Machiya' at present takes in the private and closing organization enclosing the innercourt. 5. The open-oriented ${\ulcorner}$In${\lrcorner}$ or ${\ulcorner}$Out${\lrcorner}$ is not brought out because of the delicate spatial formal configuration in the traditional 'Machiya'. But the open-oriented ${\ulcorner}$In${\lrcorner}$, all sides being closed by walls, is well brought out in the new 'Machiya'.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

This study on condominium complex will adopt the quantitative assessment of the influence on the environment throughout the entire life cycle of buildings. This paper applies input-out analysis in order to analyse embodied energy regarding input of materials at material production phase. Also, it calculates environment load at use and demolition and destruction Phases of buildings as analysing energy consumption. The study categorises environment load as six impact categories and undertakes environmental impact evaluation. The consequence shows that the environment load of multi-unit dwelling takes up 88.2% out of the entire environment load of condominium complex. Also, as a result of analyzing the environmental impact of the life cycle of condominium buildings, it was found that such environmental impact comprised of about 11.96% of all industries in Korea that had an environmental impact.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2014

The demand for the lightweight wall has increased as the structure of the multi-unit dwelling has shift to the rahmen structure. The lightweight wall is required to secure certain degree of shock resistance for the structural safety. The study performed the load analysis test for 7 small hard bodies with different masses and shapes and 5 hard materials which applied the impact load on the wall. It was found out from the experiment that different pendulum weight doubled the load maximum even though the shock energy was the same. In addition, the study compared and analyzed the weight of materials and the load of small hard bodies to propose fundamental data for the material design of the lightweight wall.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2020

This study used a real-scale model experiment to reproduce internal fires in residential buildings such as a multi-dwelling unit, in order to prevent damage caused by tens of thousands of fires witnessed each year and to take measures to cope with them. For experimental conditions, different opening sizes were applied to measure and analyze the heating temperature of the exterior wall. Results drawn are as following: when the experiment was conducted with opening sizes(horizontal length) each at 2,000mm, 1,600mm, and 1,400mm, the flashover occurred at 630 seconds, 505 seconds and 510 seconds, respectively. Also, the total heating time, in proportion to this, came to 815 seconds, 713 seconds and 721 seconds. The maximum heating temperature of the exterior wall by the opening size reached 282.4℃ at 2,000mm, 382.9℃ at 1,600mm, and 423.8℃ at 1,400mm. This represented that as the opening size gets smaller, the heating temperature of the exterior wall by fire spread becomes higher.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

This thesis is based on the study of necessity of an addressable emergency broadcasting system to improve evacuation performance in order to minimize human casualty by avoiding the initial evacuation after fires such as the multi-unit dwelling fire in Euijeongbu in 2015. To minimize the damage from fire generated in a complex internal structure such as modern buildings, introduction of adaptable emergency broadcasting system, could increase the efficiency of evacuation by preventing of initial mistaken evacuation directions by alerting the accurate location of fire to the occupants, is needed. As such, this study designed and fabricated the addressable emergency broadcasting system using the existing addressable system. Its performance was compared with a conventional emergency broadcasting system to confirm the necessity of the addressable emergency broadcasting system to improve evacuation performance. The test result showed that the addressable emergency broadcasting system decreased the evacuation time by up to 30.3% in a small-scale model evacuation performance experiment, up to 54.6% in a hallway evacuation performance experiment compared to the conventional emergency broadcasting system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2020

This study used a real-scale model experiment to reproduce internal fires in residential buildings such as a multi-dwelling unit, in order to prevent damage caused by tens of thousands of fires witnessed each year and to take measures to cope with them. For experimental conditions, different opening sizes were applied to measure and analyze the heating temperature of the exterior wall. Results drawn are as follow : On top of this, the experimental conditions had whether to install shading and put a shading length differently, before measuring and analyzing the heating temperature of the exterior wall. Subsequent results were drawn as shown below. Based on the maximum temperature, the temperature was lowered as much as around 90℃ at 150mm, around 150℃ or over at 300mm and over 175℃ at 450mm. It also turned out that the difference in maximum temperature dropped by around 180℃ or over. This indicated that the shading installation works well in lowering flame temperature generated by fire spread of the exterior wall.