• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1701-1715
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• 2016

This study is a basic investigation of the contents and services relevant to the domestic vacation house business. In which, the trade scale, types of housing, and environmental conditions of various property locations were analyzed. The characteristics of properties listed on the Japanese website that conducts the greatest volume of vacation house trade in Japan were examined, and the following results were obtained: Villa areas, villas, and resort condos (resort mansions) are the three basic types of properties handled in the vacation house trade. In this market, sales per unit in villa areas and per spaces in resort condos accounted for the highest volume of trade, followed by that of villas (individual houses). In terms of land area, floor area, and sales price per house type, the relatively cheaper small and medium-sized vacation houses are more frequently traded, than expensive large-scale villas. In particular, small multi-family type villas (such as in resort condos) are the most popular. Land and floor area, and sales prices all show considerable variation depending on the type of property considered. Therefore, a business initiative to provide a more detailed classification of properties is required. In terms of the environment of vacation properties, most are located on coasts, plateaus, or inland mountains, and are generally within three-hours' traveling distance of large cities.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.466-474
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• 2010

Various types of cooperative relaying (CR) schemes exhibit different levels of throughput and outage performance because of their inherent trade-off between diversity gain and opportunity cost; in other words, the overhead that is associated with cooperation. This article attempts to answer whether cooperative communication is beneficial or not from the system-level viewpoint and furthermore, if it is, how its average throughput can be maximized while maintaining the target outage rate. In order to improve throughput at the required outage performance, we propose a unified selection criterion to deal with different levels of combining gain and opportunity cost associated with each scheme, which allows for the employment of different CR schemes for various positions of the mobile station. Our system-level simulation results for an IEEE 802.16j multi-hop relay confirm the varying levels of trade-offs among different CR schemes and furthermore, show that CR will be a useful means of maximizing the average throughput for a multi-hop relay system as long as each type of the cooperating scheme is carefully selected, depending on the position of the mobile stations.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

The semiconductor industry is one of those in which the most intricate processes are involved and there are many critical factors that are controlled with precision in those processes. Naturally production scheduling in the semiconductor industry is also very complex and studied by the industry and academia for many years; however, still there are many issues left unclear in the problem. This paper proposes an multi-objective optimization-based scheduling method for semiconductor fabrication(fab). Two main objectives are throughput maximization and meeting target production quantities. The first objective aims to reduce production cost, especially the fixed cost incurred by a large investment constructing a new fab facility. The other is meeting customer orders on time and also helps a fab maintain stable throughput through controlled WIP balancing in the long run. The paper shows a trade-off structure between the two objectives through experimental studies, which provides industrial practitioners with useful references.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.11 s.254
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• pp.1084-1092
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• 2006

Shape optimization of airfoil in WIG craft has been performed by considering the ground effect. The WIG craft should satisfy various aerodynamic characteristics such as lift, lift to drag ratio, and static height stability. However, they show a strong trade-off phenomenon so that it is difficult to satisfy aerodynamic properties simultaneously. Optimization is carried out through the multi-objective genetic algorithm. A multi-objective optimization means that each objective is considered separately instead of weighting. Due to the trade-off, pareto sets and non-dominated solutions can be obtained instead of the unique solution. NACA0015 airfoil is considered as a baseline model, shapes of airfoil are parameterized and rebuilt with four-Bezier curves. There are eighteen design variables and three objective functions. The range of design variables and their resolutions are two primary keys for the successful optimization. By two preliminary optimizations, the variation can be reduced effectively. After thirty evolutions, the non-dominated pareto individuals of twenty seven are obtained. Pareto sets are all the set of possible and excellent solution across the design space. At any selections of the pareto set, these are no better solutions in all design space.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to proposes a conceptual framework to segment multi-national products based on a Chinese consumer's perception of multi-national products, to find the role of consumer ethnocentrism (CET) in country of origin (COO) effects for Chinese, and to figure out how different dimension of CET Effects on purchase intention developed market and home country. Research design, data and methodology - This study selected a 2×2×2 factorial design for the hypothesis test based on the product category × combination of manufactured type × Ethnocentrism level. This study distinguishes products between luxury (Burberry) and non-luxury (Nike) products and choose combination of manufactured type (Spain vs India/ Spain vs China) in order to perform comparative studies. A total of 223 Chinese participated in the experiment. After being exposed to each scenario, participants were asked to respond to questions about brand preference and purchase intention Results - Regarding to luxury made in developed country, it is worth that exposing COO information to low level of ethnocentrism consumers. Regarding to non-luxury product made in emerging country, it makes it worse when COO information to high level of ethnocentrism consumers. Lastly, regarding to non-luxury product, patriotic consumers prefer to purchase product made in home country.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.580-588
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• 2016

Energy efficiency is the main objective in the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN). In many applications, sensing data must be transmitted from sources to a sink in a timely manner. This paper describes an investigation of the trade-off between two objectives in WSN design: minimizing energy consumption and minimizing end-to-end delay. We first propose a new distributed clustering approach to determining the best clusterhead for each cluster by considering both energy consumption and end-to-end delay requirements. Next, we propose a new energy-cost function and a new end-to-end delay function for use in an inter-cluster routing algorithm. We present a multi-hop routing algorithm for use in disseminating sensing data from clusterheads to a sink at the minimum energy cost subject to an end-to-end delay constraint. The results of a simulation are consistent with our theoretical analysis results and show that our proposed performs much better than similar protocols in terms of energy consumption and end-to-end delay.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

The design strategy of the multi-functional structure is that the electrical components and the circuits are directly put on their supporting structural panel in which the radiation shields and the thermal control functions are integrated. Applying the multi-functional structure reduces the total mass and size of the space system and makes it possible to lower launch cost. In present study the performance of thermal radiation for six types of multi-functional structure are investigated by the numerical method. The effect of the rib configuration on heat transfer for the multi-functional-structure is not important alone but is meaningful considering with the structural stiffness, difficulty of manufacturing and mass increase. In heat spreading point of view, the thickness of the outer conductive layer is important rather than the rib configuration and the trade-off study with the mass and thickness is required for optimum design.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.567-572
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• 2005

Trade between nations has been globalized since establishing the WTO(World Trade Organization). By lowering trading barriers under the WTO's system, trade in goods has been gradually increased It requires global logistic system that transports goods in between nations. To save cost of product, cargo of product is containerized and container ships to carry container cargo is going to be bigger: In the market, there are many vendors to provide artificial intelligent modules to operate container terminal. In order to integrate automated container terminal system easily and successfully, this thesis proposes high-level XML/ JMS( eXtensive Markup Language/Java Message Service) communication model and multi-agent based system architecture to share knowledges, solve problems, and active objectives by cooperating between autonomous and intelligent agents that are developed by 3rd party companies in the market. This thesis analyzed current situation of advanced automated container terminal with case studies on implemented systems and difficulties to develop automated container terminal system, reviewed technologies of intelligent agent, communication and automation that unmaned automated container terminal is required.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2014

The factors that affect on the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract was empirically investigated. The theoretical basis for the research was location theory, retail trade-area analysis, bid rent, agglomeration theory, and demand externality theory. The data used in this study included information on goodwills per 3.3 square meters, deposit money per 3.3 square meters, retail rents per 3.3 square meters, and passing pedestrians' characteristics in 96 retail trade areas in South korea. As the results, using the hedonic price functions and multi-regression analysis, the independent variables does affect the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in the each retail trade area were goodwills per 3.3 square meters, deposit money per 3.3 square meters, retail rents per 3.3 square meters, and the number of Small Wholesale Retail Trade Firms at the level of nation. also, the results show goodwills per 3.3 square meters and the number of Small Wholesale Retail Trade Firms are important factors in determining the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract in seoul. In summary, not only the economic conditions in the retail trade area but also the passing pedestrian count should be considered to determine the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.178-195
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to analyze consumer in the multidimensional aspect of a combination of corporate image and brand personality in order to identify the structural causal relationship between consumer choice and corporate image and brand personality. Design/methodology - This study combined theoretical literature studies with empirical field studies using questionnaire survey methods. To achieve this objective, a hypothetical causal model consisting of three potential variables and nine measurement variables was created based on prior research, and a structural equation model was used to identify the suitability of the model. Findings - The hypothetical model established by this study was judged to be generally appropriate. In particular, corporate image was shown to have significant static direct effects on consumer choice and brand personality. It was also shown that brand personality had a direct static effect on consumer choice, and that corporate image has an indirect significant impact on consumer choice by moderating brand personality. Originality/value - Previous papers have mainly focused on one-dimensional studies of various images, such as companies and brands. However, this paper used a model that analyzed consumer choice through multi-clue information rather than corporate images as the only clue to consumer choice.