• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.238-248
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of the experience of Korean immigrant nurses working in US hospitals. Methods: Purposive sampling yielded 15 Korean immigrant nurses who had more than one year of clinical experience in US hospitals. Data were collected from March to August 2012 through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis was conducted using van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Results: The findings were classified into eight themes: 'struggling from staff at workplace being territorial to outsiders', 'feeling oppressed due to language barrier', 'accepting rational and horizontal relationships at work', 'staying alert in the environment where lawsuits are rife', 'feeling a sense of stability from the social system that values human dignity', 'maintaining self-confidence from prominent nursing practices and senior Korean nurses' professional reputation', 'performing essential comprehensive nursing care', 'promoting self-development to be equipped with professionalism.' Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Korean immigrant nurses were able to excel in their workplace when their clinical experience at US hospitals was combined with the lived space in US politics and environment, lived time of patience, lived body to be alert, and lived others with multi cultural characteristics.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.353-363
• /
• 2000

The consonant system of English is relatively uniform throughout the English-speaking countries. Accents of English are mainly known to differ in terms of their vowel systems as well as in the phonetic realisations of vowel phonemes. The results of an acoustic study of vowel phonology of Japanese English, Singapore English and Indian English are presented, and an attempt is then made to compare the vowel phonology of these non-native varieties with that of Scottish English and RP. Various native varieties of English are thus shown to differ from each other in major ways, as much, perhaps, as the non-native varieties differ from the native varieties. Nevertheless, native speakers of English appear to be mutually intelligible to a degree that does not extend to non-native varieties. Obviously there are features that various native accents have in common which facilitate their mutual intelligibility, and these features are not shared by non-native accents. It is proposed that the foreign learner adopt certain core features of English in his pronunciation if he is to use English effectively as an international language. The common core that is significant in the communication process will be discussed. In conclusion, some pragmatic implications for the English language education in the new millennium will be articulated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.9 no.9
• /
• pp.3701-3720
• /
• 2015

A system for the recognition of machine printed Arabic script is proposed. The Arabic script is shared by three languages i.e., Arabic, Urdu and Farsi. The three languages have a descent amount of vocabulary in common, thus compounding the problems for identification. Therefore, in an ideal scenario not only the script has to be differentiated from other scripts but also the language of the script has to be recognized. The recognition process involves the segregation of Arabic scripted documents from Latin, Han and other scripted documents using horizontal and vertical projection profiles, and the identification of the language. Identification mainly involves extracting connected components, which are subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA) transformation for extracting uncorrelated features. Later the traditional K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithm is used for recognition. Experiments were carried out by varying the number of principal components and connected components to be extracted per document to find a combination of both that would give the optimal accuracy. An accuracy of 100% is achieved for connected components >=18 and Principal components equals to 15. This proposed system would play a vital role in automatic archiving of multilingual documents and the selection of the appropriate Arabic script in multi lingual Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.2347-2354
• /
• 2012

On Android environment, program development is conducted with JAVA SDK. However, using JAVA, it is operated over virtual machine which shows lower performance in terms of speed than traditional C language programming. The method writes program in C language, which conducts operation efficiently. In the paper, we implement multiplication using NDK and SDK to analyze the public key cryptography over Android environment. In case of SDK, we used BigInteger package and in case of NDK, we used Comb method. Moreover, execution time of arithmetic, branch and call operations over Android environment is compared to understand performance enhancement using NDK package.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1999.10e
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 1999

최근 인터넷에서 접근할 수 있는 정보의 양이 급속히 증대함에 따라 사용자의 선호도와 목적에 따라 개인화 또는 전문화된 검색기능을 제공하여 기존 인터넷 검색엔진의 약점을 극복할 수 있는 방법으로 인터넷 검색에이전트가 연구되고 있다. 현재 개발하고 있는 인터넷 검색 에이전트는 다양한 목적에서 개발한 인터넷 검색엔진의 검색 결과에 부가가치를 더하는(value-added) 접근 방법을 따른다. 하지만 이 방법은 검색엔진의 재현율이 떨어지면 문제영역 지식이나 사용자의 선호도를 이용해도 정확도가 증가하지 않는다. 따라서 검색엔진의 재현율과 정확도를 동시에 높이면서 효과적인 결과를 얻기 위해서는 기존 검색엔진을 모듈화하여 효율적인 분산 및 다중처리가 가능하도록 함으로써, 문제영역 지식이나 사용자 선호도가 검색결과에 반영되도록 해야한다. 이 논문에서는 부산대학교의 인터넷 검색엔진인 미리내 시스템을 에이전트 기반 시스템으로 변환하고, 분산, 다중 처리 및 실시간 검색이 가능한 검색에이전트 환경을 구축하였다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2011

An object oriented programming(OOP) framework is presented to solve plane elastostatic contact problems by means of the boundary element method(BEM). Unified modeling language(UML) is chosen to describe the structure of the program without loss of generality, even though all implemented codes are written with C++. The implementation is based on computational abstractions of both mathematical and physical concepts associated with contact mechanics involving geometrical nonlinearities and the corner node problems for multi-valued traction. The overall class organization for contact analysis is discussed in detail. Numerical examples are also presented to verify the accuracy of the developed BEM program.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2004.10d
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2004

기존의 다중 문서요약은 전체 대상문서에 대해서 한번에 요약문을 생산하지만, 본 논문은 요약 대상문서 집합에서 핵심내용을 갖는 문서를 기본 문서로 선택, 임시 요약문장을 추출하고 대상문서 집합에서 순차적으로 문서를 입력받아 중요문장을 추출, 이전에 구축된 요약문장과 현재 추출된 문장을 비교하면서 요약에 필요한 문장을 선택하는 적응 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법으로 구현한 시스템은 NTCIR TSC 3에서 사용된 29개의 다중 문서집합을 통해서 성능을 평가하였다. 적응 기법 시스템은 TSC3의 baseline시스템인 Lead 방법보다는 높은 성능을 나타냈지만, TSC 3에 참가한 시스템들과의 비교에서는 월등한 성능 우위를 나타내지 못했다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.133-135
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 다중 도메인 대화 시스템에서 사용자의 발화에 가장 적합한 도메인을 결정하는 방법에 관하여 논한다. 다중 도메인 대화 시스템 구축 시, 도메인의 확장성 재고 및 각 도메인 별 특성의 효과적인 적용을 위해, 각 도메인 별 단일 도메인 대화 전문가를 구축하고, 다수의 도메인 대화 전문가들을 통합함으로써, 다양한 도메인을 처리할 수 있는 대화 시스템을 구축할 수 있다. 이 때, 자연스러운 대화 처리를 위해서 주어진 사용자의 발화에 가장 적합한 도메인을 결정하는 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사용자 발화의 의도 분석 결과 및 이전 사용자 발화 도메인 정보를 이용하는 구축된 분류 모델에 기반한 도메인 결정 방법을 제안하고, 실험 결과를 통해 제안된 방법의 효과를 검증한다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.643-656
• /
• 2000

MPOA proposed and standardized by the ATM Forum is a protocol tllat provides effective bridging and routing for ATM networks in a diverse network environment. Its plimary goal is to transfer unicast data effectively among the subnets. In this paper, MPOA components are implemented using the SDL(Specification and Description Language) which the ITU has standardized for the development of communication systems. In addition, MPOA procedures for various operations such as address translation for packets from upper layers, Ingress/Egress cache management and shortcut configuration, are examined with tlle help of the SDT(SDL Design Too]) simulator.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.173-196
• /
• 2017

Writing is a subjective and performative activity. Writing ability has multi-facets and compoundness. To understand the examinees's writing ability accurately and provide effective writing scores, raters first ought to have the competency regarding assessment. Therefore, this study is significant as a fundamental research about rater's characteristics on the TOPIK writing assessment. 150 scripts of the 47th TOPIK examinees were selected randomly, and were further rated independently by 20 raters. The many-facet Rasch model was used to generate individualized feedback reports on each rater's relative severity and consistency with respect to particular categories of the rating scale. This study was analyzed using the FACETS ver 3.71.4 program. Overfit and misfit raters showed many difficulties for noticing the difference between assessment factors and interpreting the criteria. Writing raters appear to have much confusion when interpreting the assessment criteria, and especially, overfit and misfit teachers interpret the criteria arbitrarily. The main reason of overfit and misfit is the confusion about assessment factors and criteria in finding basis for scoring. Therefore, there needs to be more training and research is needed for raters based on this type of writing assessment characteristics. This study is recognized significantly in that it collectively examined writing assessment characteristics of writing raters, and visually confirmed the assessment error aspects of writing assessment.