• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.436-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of 3-in-1 flowable composite to the enamel and dentin of primary teeth to previous adhesive systems. 110 primary incisors were prepared and divided into two groups: Dentin group included 5 groups: 1) Scotch bond Multi-purpose plus(DSM), 2) Single-bond 2(DSB), 3) Clearfil SE bond(DSE), 4) All bond universal(DAB), 5) Constic(DC), and Enamel group included 6 groups: 1) Scotch bond Multi-purpose plus(ESM), 2) Single bond 2(ESB), 3) Clearfil SE bond(ESE), 4) All bond universal(EAB), 5) Constic(EC), 6) Constic with additional etching(ECE). A cylinder of composite was bonded to the prepared surface, and the shear bond strength was measured. In the dentin groups, group DC had significantly lower shear bond strength than group DSE. No significant difference was found between group DC, group DSM, group DSB and group DAB. In the enamel groups, there was no significant difference between group EC, group ESE, and group EAB. This material showed lowest shear bond strength among all tested materials in both enamel and dentin groups, showing insignificant difference with some adhesive systems. Therefore, 3-in-1 flowable composite can be used for primary teeth restoration but further studies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2018

Objective : Cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can be treated via anterior or posterior approach, or both. The optimal approach depends on the characteristics of OPLL and cervical curvature. Although most patients can be successfully treated by a single surgery with the proper approach, renewed or newly developed neurological deterioration often requires repeat surgery. Methods : Twenty-seven patients with renewed or newly developed neurological deterioration requiring salvage surgery for multi-segment cervical OPLL were enrolled. Ten patients (group AP) underwent anterior approach, and 17 patients (group PA) underwent posterior approach at the initial surgery. Clinical and radiological data from initial and repeat surgeries were obtained and analyzed retrospectively. Results : The intervals between the initial and repeat surgeries were $102.80{\pm}60.08months$ (group AP) and $61.00{\pm}8.16months$ (group PA) (p<0.05). In group AP, the main OPLL lesions were removed during the initial surgery. There was a tendency that the site of main OPLL lesions causing renewed or newly developed neurological deterioration were different from that of the initial surgery (8/10, p<0.05). Repeat surgery was performed for progressed OPLL lesions at another segment as the main pathology. In group PA, the main OPLL lesions at the initial surgery continued as the main pathology for repeat surgery. Progression of kyphosis in the cervical curvature (Cobb's angle on C2-7 and segmental angle on the main OPLL lesion) was noted between the initial and repeat surgeries. Group PA showed more kyphotic cervical curvature compared to group AP at the time of repeat surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion : The reasons for repeat surgery depend on the type of initial surgery. The main factors leading to repeat surgery are progression of remnant OPLL at a different segment in group AP and kyphotic change of the cervical curvature in group PA.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2003

This research was conducted to study the effects of the supplementation of multi-extracts of mori folium (MF) and of exercise on plasma insulin and glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were assigned to each experimental group and were raised in the laboratory for 10 weeks. The animal groups consisted of a normal-control group, a STZ-control group, 3 STZ-induced diabetic groups supplemented ad libitum with various amounts of MF extracts (MF-720, MF-360, and MF-180 groups), and a STZ-induced diabetic group supplemented with MF-360 along with exercise. In the normal-control group, glucose tolerance tests resulted in the peak blood glucose level being achieved in 15 minutes and a fasting blood glucose level being achieved in 60 minutes. In the STZ-control group, the peak blood glucose level was reached after 60 minutes and, even after 90 minutes, blood glucose shown at a significantly higher level compared to the fasting levels. In the groups supplemented with MF extracts, the blood glucose level peaked after 30 minutes of glucose challenge, and returned to the fasting level after 90 minutes; the MF-360 and MF-360+exercise groups showed the best levels of glucose tolerance. Blood glucose levels in the STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly higher compared to the normal-control group. However, after 7 weeks of supplementation with MF extracts, a significant lowering of blood glucose levels was observed in all groups supplemented with the MF extract. The best effect was observed in the group given MF extract combined with exercise. Compared to the normal-control group, blood insulin levels were significantly lower in all STZ-induced diabetic groups; however, a significantly higher level of insulin was observed in the groups given MF extracts compared to the STZ-control group. This study shows that the supplementation of MF extracts in STZ-induced diabetic rats resulted in increased blood insulin levels and lower blood glucose levels.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2011

We present smoothed particle hydrodynamic models of the interactions in the compact galaxy group, Stephan's Quintet. Adding thermohydrodynamic effects to the earlier collisionless N-body simulations of Renaud et al. (2010), we further investigate the dynamical interaction history and evolution of the intergalactic gas of Stephan's Quintet. Specifically, we model the formation of the hot X-ray gas, the group-wide shock, and emission line gas as the result of NGC 7318b colliding with the group as well as reproduce the tidal structures in the group. We compare our model results to multi-wavelength observations.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.606-612
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• 2016

The multi-view video service based on the DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) switches the viewpoint or object which is selected by the user among the multiple video streams captured by multiple cameras. However, the problem is that the conventional DASH-based multi-view video service takes a long time to switch the viewpoint. The reason is that the conventional scheme switches to the new video stream after consuming all buffered segments of the previous video stream. In this paper, we propose a video streaming scheme for minimizing the viewpoint switching delay in the DASH-based multi-view video service. In order to minimize the viewpoint switching delay, the proposed scheme configures the video streams by controlling the GoP (Group of Pictures) size and controls the client buffer based on bandwidth estimation and playback buffer occupancy. Through the experimental results, we prove that the proposed scheme reduces the viewpoint switching delay.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.9-24
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• 2008

In this paper, we describes the design of software architecture supporting for healthcare context information service platform based on multi agent in home environment. In this platform, the DOGF supports the execute object and healthcare sensors and device's logical services grouping. JADE framework can support mobility in heterogeneous environment. The multi agents on platform order to support a healthcare context information service it will be able to divide. An agent collects an environment information from distributed devices. Another an agent follows mobile-device specific and it does a different service. And an agent where it manages like this. The mobile-proxy&agent is an interface part between DOGF and JADE, support data interchange or mobility pattern. For DOGF and JADE to provide healthcare context information service, we describes the design of multi agent software platform and multi agent classification by services. Finally we showed the system environments which is physical environments and prototype based on platfonn for healthcare context information services.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

Through various media, damage of both smoking and second-hand smoking has been recognized, and brought global scale of interest in antismoking. In Korea, government has tightened regulations of smoking in non-smoking zone since December, 1980, and after National Health Promotion Act in 1995, non-smoking zone has been gradually expanded. On the other hand, there were law suits to find those regulation towards smokers are either unconstitutional or not for 4 times. In this current state, people need smoking area to prevent second-hand smoking and to consider smokers in multi-unit dwelling. Main purpose of this research is to plan smoking spaces based on various typology of multi-dwelling plan for protection of both smokers and non-smokers' right. The research group collected and analyzed the smoking behaviors in various multi-unit dwelling types such as flat type, tower type, hybrid type and others. Based on those data, the group found three phenomena. First, there are internal regulations in multi-unit dwelling to make non-smoking zone based on National Health Promotion Act and resident representative meeting decision. Second, main smoking activities are occurring at major traffic line and entrances. Third, smoking inside of multi-unit dwelling complex causes second-hand smoking to residents live in $1^{st}$ floor and when they enter. Therefore, one can achieve both smokers' and non-smokers' protection of right by creating a designated smoking space near main entrances of multi-unit dwelling complex to consider smokers' and prevents second-hand smoking by using shaft space, which is in core space, to ventilate tobacco smoke through roof.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.605-612
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of peer relation improvement program on peer relation in children of multi-cultural families. To test of the effectiveness of the program, this study employed pretest-posttest control group design. Total 18 multi-cultural families' children have completed the program, 9 children were in experimental group, whereas 9 ones belonged to control group, the date were analyzed by Wilcoxon singed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. As the result, The peer relation improvement program was verified to effect on children' peer relation Improvement The limitations of the study were discussed, as well as the application of the study results and recommendations for additional exploratory research.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.103-127
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• 2007

This study presents the political economics models to explore the political landscape of special interest groups influencing the government's decision making process for implementing international environmental standard. Starting with the popular menu-auction types of lobbying frameworks in the literature, the study extends its scope of research to multi-principal and multi-agency based international interest group politics and its hybrid case in order to bring the interaction of the relevant interest politics to the fore. Within a specific factor model of international trade between 2 small open economies, we compare the political equilibrium environmental standards in different institutional frameworks which can be feasible in the sense of recently growing role of environmental interest group. Although the conventional finding suggests that cooperative bargaining between the two countries can attain the globally optimal level of the standard, the paper rather explains that the cooperation between the national interest groups and the hybrid case also generate the stricter standard then national interest politics usually do.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4903-4929
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• 2018

In this study, a fully automatic pose and expression invariant 3D face alignment algorithm is proposed to handle frontal and profile face images which is based on a two pass course to fine alignment strategy. The first pass of the algorithm coarsely aligns the face images to an intrinsic coordinate system (ICS) through a single 3D rotation and the second pass aligns them at fine level using a minimum nose tip-scanner distance (MNSD) approach. For facial recognition, multi-view faces are synthesized to exploit real 3D information and test the efficacy of the proposed system. Due to optimal separating hyper plane (OSH), Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed in multi-view face verification (FV) task. In addition, a multi stage unified classifier based face identification (FI) algorithm is employed which combines results from seven base classifiers, two parallel face recognition algorithms and an exponential rank combiner, all in a hierarchical manner. The performance figures of the proposed methodology are corroborated by extensive experiments performed on four benchmark datasets: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB and FRGC v2.0. Results show mark improvement in alignment accuracy and recognition rates. Moreover, a computational complexity analysis has been carried out for the proposed algorithm which reveals its superiority in terms of computational efficiency as well.