• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3208-3229
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• 2017

Rectification is an essential procedure for simplifying the disparity extraction of stereo matching algorithms by removing vertical mismatches between left and right images. To support real-time stereo matching, studies have introduced several look-up table (LUT)- and computational logic (CL)-based rectification approaches. However, to support high-resolution images, the LUT-based approach requires considerable memory resources, and the CL-based approach requires numerous hardware resources for its circuit implementation. Thus, this paper proposes a multi-level accumulation-based rectification method as a simple CL-based method and its circuit implementation. The proposed method, which includes distortion correction, reduces addition operations by 29%, and removes multiplication operations by replacing the complex matrix computations and high-degree polynomial calculations of the conventional rectification with simple multi-level accumulations. The proposed rectification circuit can rectify $1,280{\times}720$ stereo images at a frame rate of 135 fps at a clock frequency of 125 MHz. Because the circuit is fully pipelined, it continuously generates a pair of left and right rectified pixels every cycle after 13-cycle latency plus initial image buffering time. Experimental results show that the proposed method requires significantly fewer hardware resources than the conventional method while the differences between the results of the proposed and conventional full rectifications are negligible.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2015

American NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) reported that BD20 could reduce PM, CO, SOx and cancerogenic matters by 13.6%, 9.3%, 17.6% and 13% respectively, compared to diesel fuel. BD20 has been being tested on garbage trucks and official vehicles at Seoul City, which is positive on air environment, but negative on combustion by higher viscosity in winter season. This study investigated the combustion characteristics by employing multi cavity piston for improving the deterioration of combustibility caused by the higher viscosity of the biodiesel fuel such as BD20 with the combustion flames taken by a high speed camera and the cylinder pressure diagram. A 4-cycle single cylinder diesel engine was remodeled to a visible 2-cycle engine for taking the flame photographs, which has a common-rail injection system. The test was done at laboratory temperature of about $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.625-634
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• 2007

Energy-saving is one of important issues in multi-family housing projects in South Korea. According to the study by Yu et al. (2002), the balcony conversion causes energy loss approximately one and a half times. Therefore, it is important to select the economical glass type in the balcony window. In order to identify the most economical glass type of balcony conversion in multi-family housing projects, the most typical type of the multifamily housing projects in the metropolitan area was selected as a candidate project. The selected candidate project has been simulated using ENERGY-10 program to estimate the heat load by the different five types of glasses as well as their life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) using present worth method. Finally, sensitivity analysis has been conducted to determine the most economical glass types under a different discount rate (interest rate) and service life of building.

• 오토저널
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.67-87
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• 1991

The computer program which predicts the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder 4-Stroke cycle spark-ignition engine, can be great assistance for the design and development of new engine. In this study, the computer program was developed to predict the gas exchange process of multi-cylinder four stroke cycle spark ignition engine including intake and exhaust systems. When gas exchange process is to be calculated, the evaluation of the variation of the thermo-dynamic properties with time and position in the intake and exhaust systems is required. For the purpose, the application of the generalized method of characteristics to the gas exchange process is known as one of the method. The simulation model developed was investigated to the analysis of the branch system of multi-cylinder. The models used were the 2-zone expansion model and single zone model for in cylinder calculation and the generalized method of characteristic including area change, friction, heat transfer and entropy gradients for pipe flow calculation. The empirical constants reduced to least number as possible were determined through the comparison with the experimented indicator diagram of one particular operation condition and these constants were applied to other operating condition. The predicted pressures in cylinder were compared with the experimental results over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The predicted values have shown good agreement with the experimental results. The thermodynamic properties in the intake and exhaust system were predicted over the wide range of equivalence ratio and ignition timing. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Pressures in the exhaust manifold have a little influence on the equivalence ratio, a great influence on the ignition timing. 2. Pressures in the inlet manifold are nearly unchanged by the equivalence ratio and the ignition timing. 3. In this study, the behaviors of the exhaust temperature, gas in the exhaust manifold were ascertained.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2021

The cold forging process induces material deformation in an enclosed space, generating a very high forging load. Therefore, it is mainly designed as a multi-stage process, and fatigue failure occurs in forging die due to cyclic load. Studies have been conducted previously to quantitatively predict the fatigue limit of cold forging dies, however, there was a limit to field application due to the large error range and the need for expert intervention. To solve this problem, we conducted a study on the introduction of a real-time forging load measurement technology and an automated system for quantitative prediction of die life cycle. As a result, it was possible to reduce the error range of the quantitative prediction of die life cycle to within ±7%, and it became possible to use the die life cycle calculation algorithm into an automated system.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2003

Generally, the life-span of a multi-housing complex is over 50 years, but in reality they are usually demolished after 20 years in spite of its remaining life expectancy. Thus, this research focuses on the estimation of the optimum economic life-span of a multi-housing complex. To estimate the minimum total cost point of start to finish of a multi-housing complex, we'll apply MAPI(Machinery and Allied Product Institute) and LCC(Life Cycle Cost) theory.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1027-1037
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate the performance of an electric multi-purpose cultivator through a simulation analysis. The simulation model was developed using commercial software, Simulation X, by applying the specifications of certain parts, such as an electric motor, a battery, and so on. The input parameter of the simulation was the engine load data according to the rotary tillage level using a conventional multi-purpose cultivator. The data were collected by configuring a load measurement system, and the load cycle was developed by repeating the data collection process under the most severe conditions. The average output engine torque values of conventional multi-purpose cultivator were 10.7, 13.0, 9.4, and 11.2 Nm in the D1P1, D1P2, D2P1, and D2P2 conditions, respectively. As a result of the simulation, the maximum values of the motor torque, rotational speed, and power of the electric multi-purpose cultivator were 16.8 Nm, 2,033.3 rpm, and 3.3 kW, respectively, and the motor was driven in sections within 70, 68, and 45% of the maximum output range. The rate of decrease of the battery state of charge (SOC) level per minute was approximately 0.6%, and it was possible to supply electric power to the motor for 9,550 sec. In the future study, research to verify and improve simulation models of electric multi-purpose cultivators should be conducted.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.437-447
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• 2017

현재 도시형태나 규모, 주변 도로기능이나 공동구 건설형식에 따른 타당성 및 경제성 평가 방법, 공동구내 수용시설물의 최적 배치 등을 고려한 공동구 설계 평가모델은 개발되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도심지 공동구 도입결정과 도입 결정 이후 적용할 수 있는 공동구 최적 설계를 위한 평가모델을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 여러 개의 의사결정 방법 중 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있으며, 직선의 방식이 아닌 순환의 방식이 적용 가능한 데밍사이클(Deming cycle)을 선정하였다. 공동구 도입과 설계시 다양한 인자의 반영을 위하여 11개의 상위지표를 설정하여 보다 구체적인 접근을 유도하였다. 또한 Plan-Do-Check-Action(PDCA)의 순환 방식을 기반으로 1차 구상단계, 2차 최적화 단계를 통한 공동구 도입과 설계를 보다 효율적으로 구현할 수 있도록 하였으며, 이를 위한 최적화 평가 프로그램을 개발하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제32권11_12호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2005

시스템 온 칩 설계에서 온 칩 버스는 전체 시스템의 성능을 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 특히 프로세서, DSP 및 멀티미디어 IP와 같이 보다 높은 버스 대역폭을 요구하는 IP가 사용될 경우 온 칩 버스의 대역폭 문제는 더욱 심각해진다. 이에 따라 최근 ARM 사에서는 고성능 온 칩 버스 구조인 ML-AHB 버스 매트릭스를 제안하였다. ML-AHB 버스 매트릭스는 시스템 내의 다중 마스터와 다중 슬레이브간의 병렬적인 접근 경로를 제공하여 전체 버스 대역폭을 증가시켜주고, 최근 많은 프로세서 요소들을 사용하는 휴대형 기기 및 통신 기기 등에 적합한 고성능 온 칩 버스 구조이다. 하지만 내부 컴포넌트인 입력 스테이지와 무어 타입으로 구현된 중재 방식으로 인해 마스터가 새로운 전송을 수행할 때 또는 슬레이브 레이어를 변경할 때 마다 항상 1 클럭 사이클 지연 현상이 발생된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 기존 ML-AHB 버스 매트릭스 구조를 개선하였다. 기존 버스 매트릭스 구조에서 입력 스테이지를 제거하고, 개선된 구조에 적합하도록 중재 방식을 변경하여 1 클럭 사이클 지연 문제를 해결하였다. 개선된 결과 4-beat incrementing 버스트 타입으로 다수의 트랜잭션을 수행할 경우, 기존 ML-AHB 버스 매트릭스에 비해 전체 버스 트랜잭션 종료 시간 및 평균 지연 시간이 각각 약 $20\%,\;24\%$ 정도 짧아졌다. 또한 FPGA의 슬라이스 수는 기존의 ML-AHB 버스 매트릭스보다 약 $22\%$ 정도 감소하였고, 클럭 주기도 약 $29\%$ 정도 짧아졌다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.677-686
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 생애주기비용뿐만 아니라 생애주기성능 조건을 함께 고려하여 열화되는 교량의 최적 유지관리 전략 수립을 위한 보다 실제적이고 현실적인 방법을 제안하였다. 교량의 성능 및 비용과 관련된 다중목적 조합 최적화 문제인 교량 유지관리 시나리오 집합의 생성을 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, 다중목적함수에 대한 최적의 균형 잡힌 유지관리 시나리오의 선정이 가능한 기법을 제안하였다. 최적 유지관리 시나리오는 부재수준뿐만 아니라 교량 시스템 수준에서도 생성 가능하도록 하였다. 실제 공용중인 교량에 적용하여 제안된 방법의 실 적용성을 검증하고 분석하였다. 제안된 방법은 기존의 유지관리방법의 한계를 극복하고, 실질적인 예방유지관리체계의 도입을 위한 교량 유지관리 의사결정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.