• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

In this paper, we investigate the confocal filter for high quality reading signal of micro holographic data storage system. The confocal filter is used to remove crosstalk effects of adjacent recording-layer by multi-layer multiplexing method. To remove a noise of reading signal, we consider size and geometrical structure of filter. From the obtained results, we present optical characteristics including Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction effects. Finally, we propose the optimal confocal filter for good image quality and increased reflection power.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1130-1135
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• 2015

The bond pull test is the most widely used technique for the evaluation and control of wire bond quality. The wire being tested is pulled upward until the wire or bond to the die or substrate breaks. The inspector test strength of wire by manually and it takes around 3 minutes to perform the test. In this paper, we develop a 3D vision system to measure 3D position of wire. It gives 3D position data of wire to move a hook into wires. The 3D measurement method to use here is a confocal imaging system. The conventional confocal imaging system is a spot scanning method which has a high resolution and good illumination efficiency. However, a conventional confocal systems has a disadvantage to perform XY axis scanning in order to achieve 3D data in given FOV (Field of View) through spot scanning. We propose a method to improve a parallel mode confocal system using a micro-lens and pin-hole array to remove XY scan. 2D imaging system can detect 2D location of wire and it can reduce time to measure 3D position of wire. In the experimental results, the proposed system can measure 3D position of wire with reasonable accuracy.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.979-983
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• 2013

The three-dimensional measurement method of confocal systems is a spot scanning method which has a high resolution and good illumination efficiency. However, conventional confocal systems had a weak point in that it has to perform XY axis scanning to achieve FOV (Field of View) vision through spot scanning. There are some methods to improve this problem involving the use of a galvano mirror [1], pin-hole array, etc. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method to improve a parallel mode confocal system using a micro-lens and pin-hole array in a dual microscope configuration. We made an area scan possible by using a combination MLA (Micro Lens Array) and pin-hole array, and used an objective lens to improve the light transmittance and signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, we made it possible to change the objective lens so that it is possible to select a lens considering the reflection characteristic of the measuring object and proper magnification. We did an experiment using 5X, 2.3X objective lens, and did a calibration of height using a VLSI calibration target.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resin infiltration into dentin of one-bottle adhesive systems and self-etching primer bonded to Class V cavities using confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). Material and Methods : Forty Class V cavities were prepared from freshly extracted caries-free Human teeth. These teeth were divided into two groups based on the presence of cervical abrasion: Group I, cervical abrasion : Group II, wedge-shaped cavity preparation. Resin-dentin interfaces were produced with two one-bottle dentin bonding systems-ONE COAT BOND(OCB; Coltene$^R$) and Syntac$^R$SPrint$^{TM}$(SS; VIVADENT)-, one self-etching priming system-CLEARFIL$^{TM}$ SE BOND (SB : KURARAY)- and one multi-step dentin bonding system-Scotchbond$^{TM}$Multi-Purpose (SBMP, 3M Dental Products)-as control according to manufacturers' instructions. Cavities were restored with Spectrum$^{R}$(Dentsply). Specimens were immersed in saline for 24 hours and sectioned longitudinally with a low-speed diamond disc. The resin-dentin interfaces were microscopically observed using CLSM. The quality of resin-infiltrated dentin layers were evaluated by five dentists using 0~4 scale. Results : Confocal laser scanning microscopal investigations using primer labeled with rhodamine B showed that the penetration of the primer occurred along the cavity margins. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range test revealed that the primer penetration of the group 2(wedge-shaped cavity preparation) was more effective than group 1(cervical abrasion) and that of the gingival interfaces was more effective than the occlusal interfaces. In the one-bottle dentin bonding systems, the resin penetration score of OCB was compatible to SBMP, but those of SS and self-etching priming system, SB were lower than SBMP.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2011

• 지질공학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 지하수의 이동에 영향을 주는 암반의 균열에 대해서 고온하에서의 다단계 압력실험을 통해 균열면의 거칠기 변화에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 연구에 사용된 시료는 지표에서 지하 500 m 구간에서 획득한 조립질 화성암과 세립질 화성암 시료 중 심도 약 40 m와 270 m의 시료를 실험에 사용하였다. 압력은 최대 120 MPa 까지 가압을 하였으며, 단계적으로 10 MPa씩 증가하면서 실험을 수행하였다. 각 단계에서의 표면 변화를 관측하기 위해서 고분해능 3차원 다초점 레이저 스캔 현미경(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, CLSM)을 사용하였으며, 이를 통해서 미세한 표면의 거칠기를 확인할 수 있었다. 거칠기의 변화에 대해서는 거칠기 인자값을 기준으로 변화된 양을 계산하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 시료는 $20{\times}40{\times}5mm$ 크기를 가지고 있으며, 가압장치는 나사방식으로 압력을 가할 수 있도록 제작한 챔버를 활용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 단계적으로 압력이 가해지는 조건에서 압력에 따른 균열면의 거칠기는 입자의 크기에 따라 다른 변화를 보이는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이러한 자료는 추후 암석의 균열면을 따라 이동할 수 있는 지하수의 흐름에 대한 예측을 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2009

공초점 현미경 중 하나로 각광받는 MMM(multi-focal multi-photon microscope)의 핵심부분인 미세렌즈 배열판을 광섬유 다발로 대체한 간단한 형태의 광섬유 다발 다초점 현미경을 구성하여 그 성능을 분석하였다. 이 현미경의 성능 분석을 위하여 세 종류의 시료를 사용하였으며, 두 개의 편광판과 편광 빔 분리기를 사용하여 노이즈를 제거한 뚜렷한 상을 얻을 수 있었다. 표준격자 시료를 사용하여 1차 대물렌즈의 배율을 63배와 20배로 달리하면서 광점 상의 FWHM를 구하였고, 광점 상들의 분포 속에서 물체의 상을 볼 수 있었으며, 분포가 조밀한 저배율의 1차 대물렌즈를 사용할 경우에 보다 선명한 시료의 상을 얻을 수 있었다. 광섬유 다발 다초점 현미경의 분해능을 시험하기 위해서 표준격자 시료보다 격자 간격이 작은 USAF 1951을 시료로 사용하여 상을 측정하여 얻은 시료 상의 FWHM와 주어진 시료의 선폭 값이 서로 잘 일치함을 볼 수 있었다. 광섬유 다발 다초점 현미경은 1개의 광섬유 다발을 사용함으로써 시스템을 간소화시켰고, 마이크론 이하의 분해능을 가지며, 광섬유의 개수인 1600개의 광점 상을 동시에 얻을 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.491-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope and microtensile bond strength test of two adhesive systems. The dentin surface of human molars. sectioned to remove the enamel from the occlusal surface. Either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M Dental Product, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A) or Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) was bonded to the surface. and covered with resin-composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced perpendicular to the adhesive interface to measure the hybrid layer thickness by confocal laser scanning microscope. The specimen were trimmed to give a bonded cross-sectional surface area of $1\textrm{mm}^2$, then the micro-tensile bone test was performed at a cross head speed of 1.0 mm/min. All fractured surfaces were also observed by stereomicroscope. There was no significant differences in bond strengths the materials(p>0.05). However. the hybrid layers of three-step dentin adhesive system, SM, had significantly thicker than self-etching adhesive system. CS(p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strengths(p>0.05). Bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems were not dependent on the thickness of hybrid layer.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.68.2-68.2
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• 2020

UVO-Multiband Polarizing Imager System (UVOMPIS) is an ultraviolet to visible light multi-wavelength polarization/imaging system for Compact Advanced Satellite. We developed Linear Astigmatism Free-Three Mirror System (LAF-TMS) D200F2 as an optical system of UVOMPIS which has an entrance pupil diameter of 200 mm, a focal ratio of 2, a field of view of 2° × 4°. LAF-TMS is a confocal off-axis reflecting telescope system that removes linear astigmatism, and its all mirrors (M1, M2, M3) are optimized with the freeform surface to reduce high-order aberrations. Through the sensitivity analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation as the tolerance analysis, we can confirm the feasibility of the system, relatively sensitive parameters (tilt, decenter, despace, surface RMS error), and considerations for optomechanical design. From the sensitivity analysis, we can discover the relatively sensitive optical alignment parameters to a single perturbation. Further more, in the monte-carlo simulation, we investigate the minimum tolerance budget satisfying the required optical performance and whether the tolerance range is satisfied within manufacturing error.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.554-557
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• 2008

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is a multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein complex that plays a key role in RNAi. VIG (Vasa intronic gene) has been identified as a component of Drosophila RISC; however, the role VIG plays in regulating RNAi is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of VIG-1, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila VIG, using a vig-1::gfp fusion construct. This construct contains the 908-bp region immediately upstream of vig-1 gene translation initiation site. Analysis by confocal microscopy demonstrated GFP-VIG-1 expression in a number of tissues including the pharynx, body wall muscle, hypodermis, intestine, reproductive system, and nervous system at the larval and adult stages. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that VIG-1 is present in each developmental stage examined. To investigate regulatory sequences for vig-1 gene expression, we generated constructs containing deletions in the upstream region. It was determined that the GFP expression pattern of a deletion construct (${\Delta}-908$ to -597) was generally similar to that of the non-deletion construct. In contrast, removal of a larger segment (${\Delta}-908$ to -191) resulted in the loss of GFP expression in most cell types. Collectively, these results indicate that the 406-bp upstream region (-596 to -191) contains essential regulatory sequences required for VIG-1 expression.