• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2006

Analysis of molecular nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be powerful marker for anthropological studies of modern populations. While population genetic studies on mtDNA have been reported for several ethnic groups, no such study has been documented for the Korean population. We surveyed mtDNA polymorphisms in the HVS I of noncoding D-loop region and its upstream region from 430 unrelated healthy Korean population by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing analysis. PCR product with 2,790 bp spanning the specific mtDNA region (mt13715-16504) was subjected to RFLP analysis using 6 restriction enzyme (Hinf I, Hae III, Alu I, Dde I, Mbo I, Rsa I). On the PAUP analysis of PCR-RFLP results, 38 mtDNA haplotypes (Hap 1-38) were detected in the Korean populations, which were classified into 11 haplogroups (Grp 1-11) of related haplotypes encompassing all 38 haplotypes. In comparison of sequencing data with Anderson's reference sequence, the transition type was more prevalent than the transversion type. Insertions or deletions were not found. In addition, three of the polymorphic sites (A16240C, A16351G, G16384A) in HVS-I region are determined newly. The polymorphic sites were distributed randomly in the region, though the frequency at each site was variable. Thus, this research might be required for the genealogical study of Orientals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

The use of Korean native chicken is increasing, and the discovery of new genetic resources is very important from both economic and genetic conservation points of view. In this study, mtDNA D-loop sequences from 272 privately-owned Korean native chickens from a Hyunin farm were investigated. Seventeen nucleotide substitutions were identified from the sequence analysis and they were classified as 6 haplotypes. Previously investigated haplotypes in five Korean native chicken populations have been compared with the Hyunin chicken population. The results indicated that two haplotypes, H10 and H15, in the Hyunin chicken population were not previously identified in other Korean native chicken populations, representing 33.09% (90/272) and 1.1% (3/272) of the Hyunin population, respectively. On the other hand, four other haplotypes were identical to those of a previous study of Korean native chicken populations. This result is indicative of conservation strategies of Hyunin chicken populations for expanding the genetic diversity in the Korean native chicken population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.955-961
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the specific polymorphic sites in cattle breeds and inter- and interbreed genetic variation among breeds and to develop a databank of Turkish native cattle mtDNA using sequence analysis. The entire D-loop region was analyzed based on DNA sequences in Turkish Grey, East Anatolian Red, South Anatolian Red, and Anatolian Black native breeds. In total, 68 nucleotide differences were observed at 26 different sites. The variable positions consisted of 22 transitions, two transversions, and two insertions, but no deletions. Haplotype number, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and mean number of pairwise difference values were found to be 17, 0.993, 0.00478, and 4.275, respectively. In addition, a phylogeny was developed by comparison among cattle populations for which the entire D-loop sequence was available. A high level of genetic variation was observed within and among the native cattle breeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2011

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence polymorphism was used to assess genetic diversity of nine Vietnamese local chicken breeds. In addition, two Chinese breeds kept in Vietnam were included in the analysis for comparison. A 455-bp fragment of the mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 222 chickens of these 11 breeds. As reference, a skeleton was constructed based on chicken mtDNA sequences taken from the Genbank. Haplotypes of the nine Vietnamese local and two Chinese breeds were aligned together with these sequences. The Vietnamese and Chinese breeds showed a high degree of variability. In total, 37 haplotypes were identified in the chicken breeds studied forming eight clades. Thereby, the majority of individuals of the two Chinese breeds grouped together in one clade which is assumed to have its roots in the Indian subcontinent. Although the Vietnamese chicken breeds were distributed across all eight clades, most of them clustered in three main clades. These results suggest that the Vietnamese domestic chickens have originated from multiple maternal lineages, presumably from Yunnan and adjacent areas in China, South and Southwest China and/or surrounding regions (i.e. Vietnam, Burma, Thailand, and India).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1905-1911
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• 2020

Objective: Tibetan pigs, an excellent species unique to China, face serious threats, which in turn affects the development and utilization of the outstanding advantages of plateau hypoxia adaptability and reduces their genetic diversity. Therefore, a discussion of measures to conserve this genetic resource is necessary. The method, based on genetic diversity, genetic divergence and total genetic contribution rate of population, reflects the priority conservation order and varies depending on the three different purposes of conservation. Methods: We analyzed mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) variation in 1,201 individuals from nine Tibetan pig populations across five provinces and downloaded 564 mtDNA D-loop sequences from three indigenous pig breeds in Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan Provinces distributed near the Tibetan pigs. Results: We analyzed three different aspects: Changdu Tibetan pigs have the highest genetic diversity, and from the perspective of genetic diversity, the priority conservation is Changdu Tibetan pigs. Hezuo Tibetan pigs have the highest genetic contribution, so the priority conservation is Hezuo Tibetan pigs in the genetic contribution aspect. Rkaze Tibetan pigs were severely affected by indigenous pig breeds, so if considering from the perspective of introgression, the priority conservation is Rkaze Tibetan pigs. Conclusion: This study evaluated genetic diversity and comprehensively assessed conservation priority from three different aspects in nine Tibetan pig populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1368-1374
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• 2005

To investigate the genetic relationships among various cattle breeds, bovine mtDNA D-loop region was used in 411 animals of 18 cattle breeds, including 8 Asian Bos taurus, 7 European Bos taurus, 1 Asian Bos indicus, and 2 African Bos indicus. The size of amplified PCR products from mtDNA D-loop region was 964 bp and the products were digested by 15 different restriction enzymes. Two different band patterns were identified in eight restriction enzymes (BstXI, Hae III, Msp I, Apa I, Taq I, Alu I, BamH I, EcoN I) and the rest of restriction enzymes showed more than 3 different band patterns among which Apo I and MspR9 resulted in 7 different restriction patterns. The genotypes, number of haplotype, effective number of haplotype, and degree of heterozygosity were analyzed. Based on all the PCR-RFLP data, different haplotypes were constructed and analyzed for calculating genetic distances between these breeds using Nei's unbiased method and constructing a phylogenetic tree.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.313-315
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• 2007

Seventeen haplotypes were detected from the complete mitochondrial DNA control region sequences analyzed from eighty individuals of two Tibetan domestic sheep breeds. The nucleotide composition of all the sequences was 33.0% A, 29.7%T, 22.9%C and 14.4%G; G+C was 37.3%. The length of the sequences ranged from 1,107 bp to 1,259 bp. The difference between them was primarily due to 3-5 copy numbers of a 75 bp tandem repeat sequence. The NJ phylogenetic tree (the number of replications of bootstrap test is 1,000) presented three major domestic sheep lineages, which suggested that modern Tibetan sheep breeds are derived from three maternal sources.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2014

최근 국내 오리고기 산업이 점진적으로 증가하고 있으나, 국내에서 생산되고 있는 대부분의 오리 종자는 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 의존도를 낮추기 위해서 국립축산과학원에서는 토종오리 상용화 연구를 시작하였으며, 이에 토종오리 품종 및 개체 식별의 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 연구에서는 토종오리와 백색실용오리가 다른 야생오리 품종과 얼마나 연관되어 있는지를 알아보기 위해 미토콘드리아 DNA의 D-loop control 영역의 염기서열을 이용하여 계통분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 토종오리와 백색실용오리는 대부분의 야생오리 품종과는 구분이 잘 되지만, 청둥오리와는 분류가 되지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 토종오리와 백색실용오리 품종간의 분류 또한 이들 집단이 다수의 변이와 haplotype을 공유하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 분석 결과, 11개의 염기 변이가 확인되었으며, 이 변이들은 8개 haplotype으로 구성되어 있었다. 이 중 토종오리에서만 확인된 haplotype 2를 제외한 3개의 haplotype(haplotype number 1, 3, 4)에서 토종오리와 백색실용오리가 동일한 haplotype을 가진 반면, haplotype 5, 6, 7, 8은 백색실용오리에서만 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 D-loop control 영역은 토종오리와 야생오리의 품종 구분을 위한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2011

mtDNA D-loop 970 bp의 염기서열을 이용하여 제주견과 우리나라의 토종견인 진도견, 풍산견, 삽살견과의 관계와 외국 품종들과의 유연관계를 분석하였다. 또한 초가변영역인 598 bp의 D-loop 부위가 보고된 염기서열들은 추가로 GenBank에서 수집하여 전체 30개의 품종으로부터 214종의 단상형들을 이용하여 AMOVA 분석을 하였다. 염기서열 분석결과 제주견에서 5종류, 진도견 4종류, 삽사리 4종류, 풍산견 5종류, 이스트라이카와 웨스트라이카(Canis familiaris) 각 2종류, 회색늑대(Canis lupus) 2종류, 코요테(Canis latrans) 2종류의 단상형을 얻었다. 한국, 일본, 중국, 유럽의 견품종 사이에 지역의 차이로부터 오는 변이성(1.4%)은 동일 지역에 서로 다른 품종들 사이의 변이(16.2%) 보다도 매우 적은 변이를 보이고 있었다. 개의 조상으로 여기는 늑대와 오늘날 개의 집단과의 염기서열 분산성분 분석에서 개(1.63%)와 늑대(3.64%)의 집단내 변이보다는 개와 늑대 사이의 진단간 변이(4.51%)가 높게 나타난 것으로 나타났으며, 이 값을 근거로 하면 개와 늑대사이에 유전적 분기시기는 약 1~2백 만년 전인 것으로 추정되었다. 염기서열의 변이성과 유연관계분석에서 제주견, 진도견, 풍산견, 삽살견 모두 독특한 계통분기를 형성하지 못했다. 즉 이러한 결과는 국내 토종견들 사이와 또는 유입된 외래품종들 사이에 오랜 세월 동안 서로 상당한 교류가 있었을 것으로 생각되었다. 제주견에서는 삽살이, 진도견, 풍산견의 염기서열과 가까운 유연관계를 보이는 단상형들이 산포되어 있는 것으로 확인되어 제주견 집단이 우리나라 재래종들과의 모계조상에 있어서 구분은 어려운 것으로 확인되었다. 제주견이 집단으로 고정정도를 가늠하는 Fixation index인 Fst값은 진도견, 풍산견, 삽살견 가운데 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2012

Comparative sequence analyses were conducted on complete mtDNA sequences from four small mammal species in Korea and revealed the presence of 30 well conserved sequences in various regions of the complete mtDNA sequences. The conserved sequences were found in 9 regions in protein coding genes, 10 regions in tRNA genes, 10 in rRNA genes, one region in replication origin and 2 regions in D loop. They could be used to design primers for amplifying complete mtDNA sequences of small mammals.