• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.696-700
• /
• 2013

A quick and reliable method for identifying meat origin is developed to ensure species origin of livestock products for consumers. The present study examined the identification of meat sources (duck, chicken, goat, deer, pig, cattle, sheep, and horse) using PCR by exploiting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes. Species-specific primers were designed for some or all mitochondrial 12S rRNA nucleotide sequences to identify meat samples from duck, chicken, goat, and deer. Mitochondrial cytochrome b genes from pig, cattle, sheep, and horse were used to construct species-specific primers, which were used to amplify DNA from different meat samples. Primer sets developed in this study were found to be superior for detecting meat origin when compared to other available methods, for which the discrimination of meat origin was not equally applicable in some cases. Our new development of species-specific primer sets could be multiplexed in a single PCR reaction to significantly reduce the time and labor required for determining meat samples of unknown origin from the 8 species. Therefore, the technique developed in this study can be used efficiently to trace the meat origin in a commercial venture and help consumers to preserve their rights knowing origin of meat products for social, religious or health consciousness.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2000

열목어를 비롯한 산천어, 시마연어, 연어, 무지개송어 등 우리나라 연어아과 어류의 집단구조분석을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 미토콘드리아 ribosomal RMA 유전자 영역의 염기서열변이를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 미토콘드리아 DNA의 125 rRNA(945 bases, 열목어 의 경우 946 bases), Valine transfer RNA (72 bases), 및 16S rRNA(1513 bases) 등 3개의 유전자 영역에 걸쳐, 최대 2531 bases의 염기서열을 PCR/direct sequencing하여 얻었는데, 모든 염기변이중 전이가 월등히 우세하게 나타났으며, 종내${\cdot}$종간변이율은 모두 $0.5{\%}$이하로 낮게 나타나, 다른 영역에 비해 rRNA 유전자 영역에서의 염기서열이 매우 보존적임을 보여주었다. 또한, 미토콘드리아 rRNA 유전자 염기서열은 연어류의 속 (genus)단계 이상에서 집단분류표지인자로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으리라 사료되어진다. 미토콘드리아 rRNA 염기서열자료를 기초로 구성된 phylogenetic tree를 통해 이들 종간의 진화적인 유연관계를 살펴본 결과, 시마연어가 무지개송어보다는 연어와 더 근연인 것으로 나타났으며, 열목어는 가장 유연이 먼 종임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 2014

A single juvenile pomacentrid specimen (5.9 mm standard length) was collected from the Korea Strait in October 2010. The specimen is characterized by punctate-stellate melanophores scattered on the operculum and dorso-ventral region in front of the caudal peduncle, the lack of melanophores on the posterior end of the anal fin base, the presence of 14 spines and 14 soft rays on the dorsal fin, and the presence of 2 spines and 12 soft rays on the anal fin. A molecular analysis based on mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA sequences showed that this specimen is closely related to adult Chromis mirationis (d = 0.002), but that it differs from Chromis notata (d = 0.017). Juvenile C. mirationis differ from juvenile C. notata in having no melanophores on the posterior end of the anal fin base. We propose a new Korean name, "tti-ja-ri-dom" for C. mirationis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.631-639
• /
• 2016

China has a long history of sheep (Ovis aries [O. aries]) breeding and an abundance of sheep genetic resources. Knowledge of the complete O. aries mitogenome should facilitate the study of the evolutionary history of the species. Therefore, the complete mitogenome of O. aries was sequenced and annotated. In order to characterize the mitogenomes of 3 Chinese sheep breeds (Altay sheep [AL], Shandong large-tailed sheep [SD], and small-tailed Hulun Buir sheep [sHL]), 19 sets of primers were employed to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of each breed. The sizes of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the sHL, AL, and SD breeds were 16,617 bp, 16,613 bp, and 16,613 bp, respectively. The mitochondrial genomes were deposited in the GenBank database with accession numbers KP702285 (AL sheep), KP981378 (SD sheep), and KP981380 (sHL sheep) respectively. The organization of the 3 analyzed sheep mitochondrial genomes was similar, with each consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). The NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) and 8 tRNA genes were encoded on the light strand, whereas the rest of the mitochondrial genes were encoded on the heavy strand. The nucleotide skewness of the coding strands of the 3 analyzed mitogenomes was biased toward A and T. We constructed a phylogenetic tree using the complete mitogenomes of each type of sheep to allow us to understand the genetic relationships between Chinese breeds of O. aries and those developed and utilized in other countries. Our findings provide important information regarding the O. aries mitogenome and the evolutionary history of O. aries inside and outside China. In addition, our results provide a foundation for further exploration of the taxonomic status of O. aries.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2010

Four specimens of unknown Coilia sp. were collected for the first time from the Yellow Sea in 2008 and compared with Coilia mystus and Coilia nasus. Coilia sp. showed similar morphology to C. mystus and C. nasus, but differed in that its tail was considerably shorter. We conducted an analysis of the morphological and genetic characteristics in an effort to clarify the taxonomic position of Coilia sp. In counts and measurements, Coilia sp. were well distinguished from C. nasus by the number of scutes (42-44 in Coilia sp. vs. 40-45 in C. mystus vs. 45-55 in C. nasus), ratio of dorsal base length to head length (43.4-47.6 vs. 37.9-47.6 vs. 33.0-41.0), and eye length to head length (19.2-20.8 vs. 17.0-22.4 vs. 13.8-18.2). In caudal skeleton of Coilia sp., urostyle, hypural and epural bones were not observed; instead of them, caudal fin rays were supported by the last vertebra, neural and haemal spines' extension. The molecular phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using 414 base-pair 12S rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. The Kimura-2-parameter distance between Coilia sp. and C. mystus was 0.3%, but was 1.3% between Coilia sp. and C. nasus. Both the neighbor-joining tree and maximum-likelihood tree showed that Coilia sp. are closely clustered with C. mystus. Therefore, our results suggest that the Coilia sp. may be a deformed fish of C. mystus.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.340-346
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 식육원료 4종(소, 돼지, 말 및 닭)을 각각 판별하기 위하여 real-time PCR을 이용한 판별법을 개발하였다. 종 판별을 위한 유전자로는 미토콘드리아 유전자 중 12S rRNA와 16S rRNA 부분을 대상으로 하였으며, 특이 프로브의 Reporter dye는 FAM, Quencher dye는 TAMRA로 설계하였다. 개발된 프라이머 및 프로브 세트로 유사종에 대한 비 특이적 signal의 생성 유무를 관찰하기 위하여 총 10종을 대상으로 특이성을 확인한 결과, 비특이적 signal은 확인되지 않았다. 식육원료에 대하여 real-time PCR을 통한 식육 판별 시 식육 혼합 방법에 따른 $C^T$값의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 의도적 혼합 및 비의도적 혼입을 판별하기 위한 정량법 개발에서는 의도적 혼합의 경우 100% 식육과의 $C^T$ 값 차이가 4 cycle 이내이고, 비의도적 혼입일 경우 100% 식육과의 $C^T$ 값 차이가 6 cycle 이상이었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 개발한 식육 원료의 의도적, 비의도적 혼입 판별법은 불량식품 유통 근절 및 소비자 인권보호에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.