• Title/Summary/Keyword: moving reaction

Search Result 137, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

Development of a monolithic apparatus for degasing aluminum continuous casting molten metal (알루미늄 연속주조 용탕의 탈 가스 일체화 장치 개발)

  • 이용중;김태원;김기대;류재엽;이형우
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2004.10a
    • /
    • pp.145-149
    • /
    • 2004
  • It is necessary for managing a perfect process for degasing aluminum molten metal according to the increase of a grade of aluminum and its alloy products. There are some methods that have been used to manage a degasing process in recent years, such as an injection method that uses aluminum molten metal powder and chemicals supplier and input method that supplies argon and nitrogen, or chlorine gas by using a gas blow-tube. However, these methods show some problems, and it shows that it is a difficult process to handle. pollution due to the producing a lot of toxic gases like chlorine and fluoride gas. irregular effects, and lowering work efficiency due to the excessive processing time. The problems that are the most fatal are the producing a lot of sludge due to the reaction of aluminum molten metal with chemicals. loss of metals, and decreasing the life of refractory materials. In order to solve these problems. this paper develops a technology that is related to aluminum continuous casting molten metal and monolithic degasing apparatus. A degasing apparatus developed in this study improved the exist ing methods and prevented environmental pollution wi th smokeless. odor less, and harmlessness by using a new method that applies argon and nitrogen gas in which the methods used in the West and Japan are eliminated. The developed method can significantly reduce product faults that are caused by the production of gas and oxidation because it uses a preprocessed molten metal with chemicals. In addition. the amount of the produced sludge can also be reduced by 60-80% maximum compared with the existing methods. Then. it makes it possible to minimize the loss of metals. Moreover. the molten metal processing and settling time is also shortened by comparing it with the existing methods that are applied by using chemicals. In addition, it does much to improve the workers' health, safety and environment because there is no pollution. The improvement of productivity and prevent ion effects of disaster from the results of the development can be summarized as follows. It will contribute to the process rationalization because it does not have any unnecessary processes that the molten metal will be moved to an agitator by using a ladle and returned to process for degasing like the existing process due to the monolithic configuration. There are no floating impurities due to the oxidation caused by the contact with the air as same as the existing process. In addition. it can protect the blending of precipitation impurities. Because it has a monolithic configuration. it can avoid the use of additional energy to compensate the temperature decreasing about 60t that is caused by the moving of molten metal. It is not necessary to invest an extra facilities in order to discharge the gas generated from a degasing process by using an agitator. The working environment can be improved by the hospitable air in the factory because the molten metal is almost not exposed in the interior of the area.

  • PDF

Medical Information Privacy Concerns in the Use of the EHR System: A Grounded Theory Approach (의료정보 프라이버시 염려에 대한 근거이론적 연구: 전자건강기록(EHR) 시스템을 중심으로)

  • Eom, Doyoung;Lee, Heejin;Zoo, Hanah
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
    • /
    • v.16 no.1
    • /
    • pp.217-229
    • /
    • 2018
  • Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are widely adopted worldwide in hospitals for generating and exchanging records of patient information. Recent developments are moving towards implementing interoperable EHR systems that enable information to be shared seamlessly across healthcare organizations. In this context, this paper explores the factors that cause medical information privacy concerns, identifies how people react to privacy invasion and what their perceptions are towards the acceptance of the EHR system. Interviews were conducted to draw a grounded theory on medical information privacy concerns in the use of EHRs. Medical information privacy concerns are caused by perceived sensitivity of medical information and the weaknesses in security technologies. Trust in medical professionals, medical institutions and technologies plays an important role in determining people's reaction to privacy invasion and their perceptions on the use of EHRs.

Analysis on Intersection Traffic Signal Locations Change and Characteristics of Dilemma Zone (교차로 신호기 위치 조정과 딜레마존 특성 분석)

  • Lim, Sam Jin;Lee, Young-Ihn;Kim, Kyung Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
    • /
    • v.31 no.1
    • /
    • pp.3-13
    • /
    • 2013
  • This paper reviews the characteristics of dilemma zone by analysing the influence exerted by actual location of intersection traffic signal on behaviour of drivers approaching signalized intersection in urban area. The analysis of approach speed was based upon a 'before and after' comparison, measured at three sites where the locations of traffic signals were changed. The study demonstrated that, when traffic signal changed to yellow, the scales of dilemma zone were narrowed in case of stopping cars by moving up the starting point of the dilemma zone due to lowered spot speed. On the other hand, in case of passing cars, the end points of dilemma zone were moved further out to the rear due to increased spot speed. Therefore, changing traffic signal locations could make an impact to increase intersection safety through reducing the scales of dilemma zone. This study also found that, in cases involving vehicles with similar approach speeds, spot speeds could be differentiated following the change of signal locations due to the fact that there can be greater differences in both braking point and deceleration rate. Thus, when considering the appropriate measuring of dilemma zone, 'spot speed' rather than 'approach speed' appeared to be more appropriate criterion.

Formation of Thin $CoSi_2$by Layer Inversion of Co/Nb bi-layer (Co/Nb 이중층 구조의 막역전을 이용한 박막 $CoSi_2$의 형성)

  • Lee, Jong-Mu;Gwon, Yeong-Jae;Lee, Byeong-Uk;Kim, Yeong-Uk;Lee, Su-Cheon
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
    • /
    • v.6 no.8
    • /
    • pp.779-785
    • /
    • 1996
  • Thin $700^{\circ}C$films were formed through layer inversion of Co/Nb bilayer during rapid thermal annealing(RTA). The Nb interlayer seems to effectively prevent over-consumption of Si and to control the silicidation reaction by forming Co-Nb intermetallic compounds and removing the native oxide formed on Si substrate which interferes the uniform Co-Si interaction. The final layer structure of the Co/Nb bilayer after $700^{\circ}C$ RTA was found to be ${Nb}_{2}{O}_{3}$/${Co}_{2}$Si.CoSi/${NbCo}_{x}$/Nb(O, C)/${CoSi}_{2}$/ Si. The layer inversion and the formation of a stable CoSi, phase occurred above $700^{\circ}C$, and the Nb silicides were not found at any annealing temperature. These may be due to the formation of very stable Co-Nb intermetallic compounds and Nb oxides which limit the moving of Co and Si.

  • PDF

Studies on Ancylostomiasis I. An Experimental Study on Hookworm Infection and Anemia (구충증(鉤蟲症)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제1편(第1篇) 구충(鉤蟲)의 감염(感染) 및 구충성빈혈(鉤蟲性貧血)에 관(關)한 고찰(考奈))

  • Lee, Mun-Ho;Kim, Dong-Jip;Lee, Jang-Kyu;Seo, Byong-Sul;Lee, Soon-Hyung
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.55-66
    • /
    • 1967
  • In view of its prevalence in the Far East area, a more detailed knowledge on the hookworm infection is one of the very important medical problems. The present study was aimed to; determine the infectivity of the artificially hatched ancylostoma duodenale larvae in man after its oral administration, evaluate the clinical symptomatology of such infection, determine the date of first appearance of the ova in the stool, calculate the blood loss per worm per day, assess the relation-ships between the ova count, infectivity(worm load), blood loss and severity of anemia. An erythrokinetic study was also done to analyse the characteristics of hookworm anemia by means of $^{59}Fe\;and\;^{51}Cr$. Materials and Methods Ten healthy male volunteers(doctors, medical students and laboratory technicians) with the ages ranging from 21 to 40 years were selected as the experimental materials. They had no history of hookworm infection for preceding several years, and care was taken not to be exposed to reinfection. A baseline study including a through physical examinations and laboratory investigations such as complete blood counts, stool examination and estimation of the serum iron levels was done, and a vermifuge, bephenium hydroxynaphoate, was given 10 days prior to the main experiment. The ancylostoma duodenale filariform larvae were obtained in the following manner; The pure ancylostoma duodenale ova were obtained from the hookworm anemia patients and a modified filter paper method was adopted to harvest larger number of infective larvae, which were washed several times with saline. The actively moving mature larvae were put into the gelatine capsules, 150 in each, and were given to the volunteers in the fasting state with 300ml. of water. The volunteers were previously treated with intramuscular injection of 15mg. of chlorpromazine in order to prevent the eventual nausea and vomiting after the larvae intake. The clinical symptoms and signs mainly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, appearance of the ova and occult blood in the stool etc. were checked every day for the first 20 days and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment, which usually lasted for about 3 months. Roentgenological survey of the lungs was also done. The hematological changes such as the red blood cell, white blood cell and eosinophil cell counts, hemoglobin content and serum iron levels were studied. The appearance of the ova in the stool was examined by the formalin ether method and the ova were counted in triplicate on two successive days using the Stoll's dilution method. The ferrokinetic data were calculated by the modified Huff's method and the apparent half survival time of the red blood cells by the modified Gray's method. The isotopes were simultaneously tagged and injected intravenously, and then the stool and blood samples were collected as was described by Roche et al., namely, three separate 4-day stool samples with the blood sample drawing before each 4-day stool collection. The radio-activities of the stools ashfied and the blood were separately measured by the pulse-height analyser. The daily blood loss was calculated with the following formula; daily blood loss in $ml.=\frac{cpm/g\;stool{\times}weight\;in\;g\;of\;4-day\;stool}{cpm/ml\;blood{\times}4}$ The average of these three 4-day periods was given as the daily blood loss in each patient. The blood loss per day per worm was calculated by simply dividing the daily blood loss by the number of the hookworm recovered after the vermifuge given twice a week at the termination of the experiment. The iron loss in mg. through the gastrointestinal tract was estimated with the daily iron loss in $mg=\frac{g\;Hgb/100ml{\times}ml\;daily\;blood\;loss{\times}3.40}{100}$ 3.40=mg of iron per g Hgb following formula; Results 1. The respiratory symptoms such as cough and sputum were noted in almost all cases within a week after the infection, which lasted about 2 weeks. The roentgenological findings of the chest were essentially normal. A moderate degree of febril reaction appeared within 2 weeks with a duration of 3 or 4 days. 2. The gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, epigastric fullness, abdominal pain and loose bowel appeared in all cases immediately after the larvae intake. 3. The reduction of the red blood cell count was not remarkable, however, the hemoglobin content and especially the serum iron level showed the steady decreases until the end of the experiment. 4. The white blood cells and eosinophil cells, on the contrary, showed increases in parallel and reached peaks in 20 to 30 days after the infection. A small secondary rise was noted in 2 months. 5. The ova first appeared in the stool in 40. 1 days after the infection, ranging from 29 to 51 days, during which the occult blood reaction of the stool became also positive in almost cases. 6. The number of ova recovered per day was 164, 320 on the average, ranging from 89,500 to 253,800. The number of the worm evacuated by vermifuge was in rough correlation with the number of ova recovered. 7. The infectivity of ancylostoma duodenale was 14% on the average, ranging from 7.3 to 20.0%, which is relatively lower than those reported by other workers. 8. The mean fecal blood loss was 5.78ml. per day, with a range of from 2.6 to 11.7ml., and the mean blood loss per worm per day was 0.30ml., with a range of from 0.13 to 0.73ml., which is in rough coincidence with those reported by other authors. There appeared to exist, however, no correlation between the blood loss and the number of ova recovered. 9. The mean fecal iron loss was 2.02mg. per day, with a range of from 1.20 to 3.89mg., which is less than those appeared in the literature. 10. The mean plasma iron disappearance rate was 0.80hr., with a range of from 0.62 to 0.95hr., namely, a slight accerelation. 11. The hookworm anemia appeared to be iron deficiency in origin caused by continuous intestinal blood loss.

  • PDF

The propriety of Spatial Arrangement Condition of 119 Emergency Medical Service - Mainly Around H Town Area, Countrysid of Y city - (119지역대의 공간적 배치 현황의 적절성 -Y시 H면 지역을 중심으로-)

  • Yun, Jong-Geun;Choi, Kyu-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.18 no.11
    • /
    • pp.374-380
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, we analyzed the situation of the 119 emergency medical service zone of H town, countryside of Y city from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2016 and then, on the basis of this analysis, we investigated the present condition of the patient-transportation service of the 119 emergency medical service to provide the basic data in order for patients to use the emergency medical service more efficiently. We analyzed the data with SPSS 21.0 using frequency analysis and, after positioning the virtual 119 emergency medical service, we analyzed the data of the transportation time and transportation distance by using GIS. The results of this study show that the use of the 119 emergency medical service for people over 65 years old represents approximately 57% of the total number of patients transported, The average distance and time of the real moving reaction are 6.41 km and 11.86 min, respectively. The distance and time from the pick-up location to the hospital are 18.24 km and 21.52 min, respectively. Given the present position of the 119 emergency medical service, the results of this analysis using GPS show that the (average) distance and time from the 119 emergency medical service to Jang * Ri town are 9.12 km and 12 min, and the (average) total distance and time to arrive at the hospital after the emergency medical service picks up the patient are 36.83 km and 62 min, respectively. In the case of the virtual emergency medical service, the total distance and time required to arrive at the hospital after the emergency medical service picks up the patient are 27.71km and 50min, respectively. The results of this study showed that the present position of the 119 emergency service does not provide the optimum distance and time from the patient's location to the hospital. Therefore, we consider that the repositioning of the 119 emergency medical center is necessary, in order to reduce the time required for the emergency medical service to move to the patient's location and then bring the patient to the hospital.

The effect of Big-data investment on the Market value of Firm (기업의 빅데이터 투자가 기업가치에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Kwon, Young jin;Jung, Woo-Jin
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.99-122
    • /
    • 2019
  • According to the recent IDC (International Data Corporation) report, as from 2025, the total volume of data is estimated to reach ten times higher than that of 2016, corresponding to 163 zettabytes. then the main body of generating information is moving more toward corporations than consumers. So-called "the wave of Big-data" is arriving, and the following aftermath affects entire industries and firms, respectively and collectively. Therefore, effective management of vast amounts of data is more important than ever in terms of the firm. However, there have been no previous studies that measure the effects of big data investment, even though there are number of previous studies that quantitatively the effects of IT investment. Therefore, we quantitatively analyze the Big-data investment effects, which assists firm's investment decision making. This study applied the Event Study Methodology, which is based on the efficient market hypothesis as the theoretical basis, to measure the effect of the big data investment of firms on the response of market investors. In addition, five sub-variables were set to analyze this effect in more depth: the contents are firm size classification, industry classification (finance and ICT), investment completion classification, and vendor existence classification. To measure the impact of Big data investment announcements, Data from 91 announcements from 2010 to 2017 were used as data, and the effect of investment was more empirically observed by observing changes in corporate value immediately after the disclosure. This study collected data on Big Data Investment related to Naver 's' News' category, the largest portal site in Korea. In addition, when selecting the target companies, we extracted the disclosures of listed companies in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ market. During the collection process, the search keywords were searched through the keywords 'Big data construction', 'Big data introduction', 'Big data investment', 'Big data order', and 'Big data development'. The results of the empirically proved analysis are as follows. First, we found that the market value of 91 publicly listed firms, who announced Big-data investment, increased by 0.92%. In particular, we can see that the market value of finance firms, non-ICT firms, small-cap firms are significantly increased. This result can be interpreted as the market investors perceive positively the big data investment of the enterprise, allowing market investors to better understand the company's big data investment. Second, statistical demonstration that the market value of financial firms and non - ICT firms increases after Big data investment announcement is proved statistically. Third, this study measured the effect of big data investment by dividing by company size and classified it into the top 30% and the bottom 30% of company size standard (market capitalization) without measuring the median value. To maximize the difference. The analysis showed that the investment effect of small sample companies was greater, and the difference between the two groups was also clear. Fourth, one of the most significant features of this study is that the Big Data Investment announcements are classified and structured according to vendor status. We have shown that the investment effect of a group with vendor involvement (with or without a vendor) is very large, indicating that market investors are very positive about the involvement of big data specialist vendors. Lastly but not least, it is also interesting that market investors are evaluating investment more positively at the time of the Big data Investment announcement, which is scheduled to be built rather than completed. Applying this to the industry, it would be effective for a company to make a disclosure when it decided to invest in big data in terms of increasing the market value. Our study has an academic implication, as prior research looked for the impact of Big-data investment has been nonexistent. This study also has a practical implication in that it can be a practical reference material for business decision makers considering big data investment.