• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2021

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based precise positioning using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technique has been proposed as an enabler of the formation operation of moving vehicles. In RTK methods, the integer ambiguity of GNSS carrier phase measurements must be resolved. Although there have been many proposed algorithms for the integer ambiguity resolution, the widelane combination of carrier phase measurements and LAMBDA methods have gained the most popularity in literatures when dual frequency GNSS measurements were used. In this paper, we evaluated five alternative methods to determine relative positions of moving base and rover receivers; the round-off scheme of widelane carrier phase, instant least-squares and Kalman filter-based LAMBDA with widelane carrier phase, instant least-squares and Kalman filter-based LAMBDA with dual frequency measurements. The paper presented the performance of each method using flight test data, which showed their strength and weakness in the aspects of time-to-first-fix, ambiguity resolution success ratio, and relative position errors. Based on that, we provided practical recommendations of RTK operations for moving vehicles.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 2020

실시간 정밀 위치결정을 위해서 N-RTK (Network Real-Time Kinematic) 기술이 많이 사용되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 N-RTK 시스템은 사용자 수 제한으로 인해 지속해서 늘어나는 무인 이동체의 위치결정을 하는 데 한계가 있다. 따라서 사용자 수 제한 없이 보정 신호를 생성하는 시스템이 있다면 어느 정도의 간격으로 있어야 전국어디에서든 위치결정을 할 수 있을지에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단하여 기선 거리에 따른 N-RTK 시스템의 정확도를 분석하였다. 다양한 장비를 사용하는 사용자들이 있을 것으로 예상하여 서로 다른 성능의 수신기로 로버 위치를 추정하였으며, 자료처리는 오픈소스 소프트웨어인 RTKLIB을 활용하였다. 실험 결과, 로버와 가장 가까운 기준국에서는 수신기의 종류와 관계없이 높은 비율로 고정해가 산출되었으며, 추정 좌표의 정확도 역시 비슷한 수준으로 결정되었다. 로버에서 약 40km 떨어져 있는 기준국 보정 신호를 활용하는 경우, 고정해 산출 비율은 평균 약 50% 정도 감소하였으나 수직 RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error)는 약 2.5-4.7cm로 단기선 결과(1.0-1.5cm)와 크게 다르지 않았다. 고가형 수신기는 장기선에서도 이상값(outlier) 크게 나타나지 않았으며, 향후 과학기술용 정밀 자료 처리 소프트웨어를 활용한 고정해 산출과 좌표 추정 정확도에 대한 분석을 수행할 예정이다.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2002

Measuring the depth of water is very important in ensuring the protection and safety of seaside. There are many difficulties in making the contour bathymetric map, and contour line due to the limitation of continuous measurement of water depth and collimation with the conventional measuring and positioning methods. But the real-time kinematic GPS (RTK GPS) positioning using a carrier phase enables us to decide a precise position without breaking a signal even under the condition of a moving environment. It is also possible to obtain an accurate depth of water in real time with a fathometer through the measuring of time delay between sending and receiving epochs. This research aims at investigation of accuracy potential of RTK GPS in combination with Echo Sounder(E/S) for the coastal mapping. Apart from this purpose, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution with the OTF(On the Fly) method was tested with respect to the initialization time. The result shows that the accuracy is better than 1cm with 5-minute initialization in the distance of 10km baseline. The seaside topography was measured by the RTK GPS only, on the other hand the seafloor topography was surveyed in combination of RTK GPS and E/S. Comparing to the volume of seaside measured by RTK GPS and digital topographical map, the difference of only 2 % was achieved. This indicates that the coastal mapping with RTK GPS is successfully conducted. In addition it is also demonstrated that the 3-dimensional perspective model resulted from the undersea topography measured by RTK GPS and E/S is very close to that from the digital map. Through this study, it was verified that RTK GPS is to be very useful method in the analysis of coastal morphology owing to its capability of getting the precise DTM for the using of harbor reclamation, dredging, and the estimation of soil movement in a river.