• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the differences of clinical and polysomnographic features between rapid eye movement (REM)-related obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and not-REM-related OSA, and to suggest the pathogenesis according to the REM dependency of OSA. Methods: One hundred ninety consecutive patients diagnosed with OSA were evaluated clinical features and performed full night polysomnography. The patients were divided into REM-related (REM apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] at least two times higher than their non-REM AHI) and not-REM-related (a REM AHI less than two times higher than their non-REM AHI) OSA groups and evaluated the differences in age, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, Ep-worth Sleepiness Scale score, and parameters of polysomnography. Results: REM-related patients were younger and showed higher sleep efficacy, low percentage of light sleep stage (stage 1 sleep), and low rate of positional OSA. Age was significantly associated with REM dependency of OSA and REM AHI were significant correlated with BMI, neck circumference, percentage of sleep in supine position, and percentage time of snoring. Conclusions: Our results showed that REM-related OSA patients showed less severe polysomnographic parameters than not-REM-related patients. However, significant risk factors were differed depending on the REM dependency and OSA severity, and the clinical features correlated with REM AHI and non-REM AHI were also showed differently. We suggest that the occurrence of OSA according to the REM dependency can be based on different mechanisms.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the interaction among the neck, trunk, and lower extremities on the non-paretic side in head rotation along with non-paretic-side weight shifting of stroke patients. To compare stroke patients' ability to control posture through muscle activity variation related to pertubation during head rotation along with the non-paretic limb. Methods: We tested 15 hemiplegic patients and 15 normal individuals. Each group's muscle activity was measured by electromyography in neutral head position and head rotation position. We compared each group's resu lt based on measured values in patients' non-paretic neck muscles, trunk muscles, and lower limbs muscles activation. Results: The study showed that muscle activity increased in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (102.26%, 53.00%), splenius capitis muscle (97.93%, 54.93%), erector spinae muscle (241.00%, 127.60%), external oblique abdominal muscle (256.66%, 152.00%), and internal oblique abdominal muscle (252.80%, 152.6%), peroneus longus muscle (117.53%, 137.13%) and gastrocnemius muscle (119.06%, 137.20%), while the results for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, splenius capitis muscle, erector spinae muscle, external oblique abdominal muscle, internal oblique abdominal muscle, peroneus longus muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is hard for stroke patients to engage in normal movement control under suggested conditions because of the insufficient movement against gravity on the stroke patient's non-paretic side and impaired cooperative patterns. To solve these problems, patients need their bodies to improve through effective movement, resulting in advanced control of their effective and functional activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to present clinical utility of therapeutic exercise on the neck and shoulder parts based on the movement system impairment syndrome(MSIS) as Dong-Qi therapy of the Dong-Si Acupuncture and was to examine which Dong-Si acupoints were most effective and non-invasive when performing therapeutic exercise of the MSIS. Methods : Totally eight therapeutic exercises correspondent to eight neck and shoulder MSIS were summarized and tabulated from the Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndrome and Movement System Impairment Syndromes Of The Extremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines by Sahrmann SA. Together with the MSIS summaries, acupuncture points and Dong-Qi therapy were summarized and tabulated from Yangweijiequanji 1 and Yangweijiequanji 2 by Yangweijie. According to the posture and movement of the MSIS exercise, effective and non-invasive acupoints were selected. Thereafter, clinical pilot study which five normal volunteers participated in were performed to examine whether these acupoints resulted in any side effects of acupuncture therapy such as pain and distortion of the needle during the MSIS exercises. Results : Through clinical pilot study, ZhongZi, ZhongXian, ZhengJin, ZhengZong and MuLiu in a sitting position, and HuaGuYi, ZhongZi and ZhongXian in a supine position were finally determined as safe and non-invasive Dong-Si acupoints to treat cervical pain. In terms of shoulder pain, ZuQianJin, ZuWuJin, HuaGuEr and JianZhong in a supine position, SiHuaZhong, ZuQianJin, ZuWuJin, QuLing, JianZhong, ShenGuan and JiuLi in a standing position, and ZuQianJin, ZuWuJin, HuaGuEr, QuLing and JianZhong in a prone position were finally accepted as safe and non-invasive Dong-Si acupoints. Conclusion : It is concluded that Dong-Si acupoints can be safely and non-invasively used together with therapeutic exercises of the MSIS to treat cervical and shoulder pains.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2018

Background: The craniocervical flexion (CCF) exercise is one of the effective exercise in correcting forward head posture (FHP). However, some people with FHP achieve CCF with compensatory movements, for example, low cervical flexion using superficial neck flexors such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. No study has yet investigated whether a dual­pres ure biofeedback unit (D-PBU) method to prevent low cervical flexion would be helpful in performing pure CCF movement. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the CCF using D-PBU method and the traditional CCF method on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the longus colli muscle (LCM) and the activity of SCM muscle in subjects with FHP. Methods: Twenty­four FHP subjects (male: 16, female: 8) were recruited for this study. All subjects performed CCF using two different methods: the traditional CCF method and the CCF using D-PBU method. The CSA of the LCM was measured via ultrasound, and surface electromyography was used to measure SCM muscle activity. Results: The change in CSA of the LCM was significantly larger during the CCF using D-PBU method ($1.28{\pm}.09$) compared with the traditional CCF method ($1.19{\pm}.08$) (p<.05). The SCM muscle activity using the CCF using D-PBU method ($2.01{\pm}1.97$ %MVIC) was significantly lower than when using the traditional CCF method ($2.79{\pm}2.32$ %MVIC) (p<.05). Conclusion: The CCF using D-PBU method can be recommended for increasing LCM activation and decreasing SCM muscle activity during CCF movement in subjects with FHP.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2011

Background: Stellate ganglion block is usually performed at the transverse process of C6, because the vertebral artery is located anterior to the transverse process of C7. The purpose of this study is to estimate the location of the transverse process of C6 using the cricoid cartilage in the performance of stellate ganglion block. Methods: We reviewed cervical lateral neutral-flexion-extension views of 48 patients who visited our pain clinic between January and June of 2010. We drew a horizontal line at the surface of the cricoid cartilage in the neutral and extension views of cervical lateral x-rays. We then measured the change in the shortest distance from this horizontal line to the lowest point of the transverse process of C6 between the neutral and extension views. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the shortest distance from the horizontal line at the surface of the cricoid cartilage to the lowest point of transverse process of C6 between neutral position and neck extension position in both males and females, and between males and females in both neutral position and neck extension position. The cricoid cartilage level was 4.8 mm lower in males and 14.4 mm higher in females than the lowest point of transverse process of C6 in neck extension position. Conclusions: Practitioners should recognize that the cricoid cartilage has cephalad movement in neck extension. In this way, the cricoid cartilage can be still useful as a landmark for stellate ganglion block.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Background: Saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test are clinically useful tests to accurately diagnose vertigo. However, there have only been a few studies regarding a correlation between the anatomical site of the lesion and the abnormality of eyeball movement in patients with vertigo. Methods: The medical records of 97 patients with vertigo between January 2006 and June 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified many kinds of abnormalities regarding the saccade test, smooth pursuit test and optokinetic nystagmus test into several categories and analyzed the localizing lesion of vertigo. Results: According to the saccade test, both total saccade abnormality (S-total) and slow velocity of saccade (S-type 3) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. According to the smooth pursuit test, symmetrical unidirectional smooth pursuit abnormality (SP-type 2) was observed to be significantly higher in the peripheral lesion over vertigo. Moreover, according to the optokinetic nystagmus test, total optokinetic nystagmus abnormalities (OKN-total) were shown to be significantly useful findings in the diagnosis of the central lesion of vertigo. The coexisting abnormalities of all three tests (S+SP+OKN abnormalities) were shown to be significantly higher in the central lesion of vertigo. Conclusion: These results suggest that all these tests, saccade test, smooth pursuit test, and optokinetic nystagmus test, are very useful to distinguish between the central lesion and the peripheral lesion of vertigo. However, these tests are not beneficial in localizing the central lesion of vertigo.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide an effective method of exercise therapy for patients with cervicogenic headache. Methods: The subjects were divided into the following three groups according to the intervention received: cervix-stabilizing exercise (n=12, group 1), transcranial direct current stimulation (n=12, group 2), and cervix-stabilizing exercise combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (n=12, group 3). The intragroup and intergroup differences in muscle characteristics and neck disability index were compared and analyzed. Results: The comparison and analysis of the changes in muscle tone and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the upper trapezius and suboccipitals in groups I and III, and statistically significant intergroup differences in the upper trapezius, with greater changes in group III than in group II, and in the suboccipitals, with greater changes in groupIII than in groups Iand II. The comparison and analysis of the change in muscle stiffness and post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significanti ntra group decrease in the upper trapezius in group Iand suboccipitals in group III, and a statistically significant intergroup difference in both muscles, with greater change in group III than in group II. The comparison and analysis of change in neck disability index and post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant intragroup decrease in all the three groups and a statistically significant intergroup difference, with greater change in group III than in groups I and II. Conclusion: The neck-stabilizing exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation were shown to be effective in decreasing the tone of the cervical muscles by stabilizing the cervical bone and improving muscle durability, and in improving the movement and limitation of joint range of motion by decreasing muscle tone and stiffness.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.950-962
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop the slim-fit dress shirt pattern. Among the published educational patterns, there were four patterns based on similar design and silhouette with slim-fit dress shirts. Then, the drafting method of those patternsBB were compared and analyzed. The subjects for wearing evaluation were three 20 to 39 aged average-sized men. After the wearing evaluation(5 Likert point scale), N pattern had been chosen as the final comparison pattern because it received the highest points. The slim-fit shirt pattern was developed based on the result of wearing evaluation. The foundation design were as following: shirt length (Stature/2-12), back length (Stature/4), armhole depth (Chest/4+1), width (Chest/4+3), Interscye; Back (Chest/6+5), Interscye; Front (Chest/6+4), width of the nape of neck (Neck/6+1=◎), height of the nape of neck (◎/3), of the front neck (◎-0.5), depth of the front neck(◎+1.5). After the wearing evaluation about researched pattern and N pattern, researched patternsBB scale points were bigger than N pattern and there were slight differences. The scale points for N patternsBB movement evaluation showed highest points on all contents. Therefore, the researched pattern is suitable for the original form of slim-fit dress shirt. The new dress shirt pattern reflected the slim-fit trend in the research expected to help educational environment and industrial site.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2023

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), which was initially believed to be a subtype of mesothelioma, has been reported to occur outside the pleura. In the head and neck region, it primarily manifests in the oral or nasal cavity, with rare occurrences in the facial region. A 40-year-old woman visited our hospital with a mass on her chin. Prior to surgery, involuntary movement was observed in the ipsilateral corner of the mouth upon palpation of the mass. Special care was taken during the surgical procedure to avoid damaging the facial nerve. The mass was excised, and histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an SFT. Here, we present the first reported case of an SFT diagnosed in a jaw mass in Korea. The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of the diagnostic accuracy of SFTs in lower jaw masses.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mandible position on proprioception and range of motion (ROM) during neck stabilization exercise using a sling in healthy adults. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to either a sling exercise and mandible open group (n=10) or a sling exercise and mandible closed group (n=12). The sling exercise-mandible open group and sling exercise-mandible closed group took part in an exercise program for 30min, three times per week for 4 weeks. After each training session, head repositioning accuracy (HRA) and the ROM of the cervical spine were measured. Wilcoxon's test was conducted to verify changes within each group, and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed to examine between-group differences. Results: The HRA of the cervical spine was significantly increased during left rotation and extension in the sling exercise-mandible open group. In addition, there were significant differences in both rotations and extension in the two groups. The ROM of the cervical spine increased significantly during both rotations in the sling exercise-mandible closed group. In addition, there was a significant difference in right rotation and extension in both groups. Conclusion: Cervical stabilization exercise using a sling, with the mandible closed increased proprioception and the ROM of the cervical spine.