• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this experiment is to know the effect of mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture on heart rate variability(HRV), pulse wave velocity(PWV) in middle aged women. Methods : We investigated on 20 healthy Middle Aged women volunteers. First, we measured their heart rate variability(HRV), pulse wave velocity(PWV) and then mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture 20cc were injected on them. After 30 minutes, we measured heart rate variability(HRV), pulse wave velocity(PWV) again. As a result, method of one-group pretest-posttes design were used for evaluation. Results : 1. In HRV, MeanHRV is significantly decreased from 69.15 to 63.34 after injection. 2. MeanRR is significantly increased from 877.20 to 962.10 after injection. SDNN is significantly increased from 32.56 to 41.34 after injection. 3. PNN50 is significantly decreased after injection. RNSSD, SDSD, TP, VLF is significantly increased after injection. 4. Stress resistance ability is significantly increased from 37.55 to 44.60 after injection. 5. In PWV, E-R, E-L, H-R, H-L is significantly decreased after injection. Conclusions : Effect of mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) increased adaptability of autonomic nervous system and on pulse wave velocity(PWV) decreased arterial stiffness.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.245-260
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this experiment is to know the effect of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng Pharmacopuncture on Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Middle Aged Women. Methods: We investigated on 40 women of breast cancer patients. First, we measured their Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and then Mountain Cultivated Ginseng Pharmacopuncture $20m{\ell}$ were injected on them. After 30 minutes, we measured Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pulse wave velocity(PWV) again. As a result, method of non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design were used for evaluation. Results: In HRV, Mean HRV is significantly decreased from 69.15 to 63.34 after injection. Mean RR is significantly increased from 877.20 to 962.10 after injection. SDNN is significantly increased from 32.56 to 41.34 after injection. PNN50 is significantly decreased after injection. RNSSD, SDSD, TP, VLF is significantly increased after injection. Stress Resistance ability is significantly increased from 37.55 to 44.60 after injection. And In PWV, E-R, E-L, H-R, H-L is significantly decreased after injection. Conclusions: Effect of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng Pharmacopuncture on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) increased adaptability of autonomic nervous system and on Pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased arterial stiffness.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 산양삼과 감식초의 융합소재에 의한 혈중 지질 및 항산화능을 분석하고자 하였다. 4년근 산양삼을 4년 숙성된 감식초에 혼입 숙성시킨 후, 5배 희석하여 쥐에게 경구투여하였다. 집단은 대조군(CON), 감식초군(PV), 산양삼+감식초 융합소재군(MPV)으로 각각 구분하였다. 체중은 MPV가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 저장 지방량은 PV 및 MPV가 CON에 비하여 낮았다. 혈중 지질은 CON에 비하여 PV, MPV가 낮았으며, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤은 높았다. 간의 Cu, Zn-SOD 및 GPx는 MPV>PV>CON의 순서로 나타났으며, 유의차가 있었다. 특히 MPV에서 가장 높았다. 간의 MDA는 CON, PV >MPV로 나타났으며, 유의차가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 산양삼과 감식초의 융합소재는 지질과산화를 효과적으로 억제하는 건강식품으로서 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 장뇌삼 엽차의 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 장뇌삼 잎의 성분분석 및 장뇌삼 엽차의 항산화효과를 비교하였으며, 고지방식이를 공급한 흰쥐에게 장뇌산삼 엽차를 7주간 공급한 후 혈청의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 장뇌삼 잎의 수분은 19.14%, 조회분은 6.64%, 조지방은 0.82%, 조단백질은 11.03%, 조섬유는 11.47%, 탄수화물은 62.37%를 나타내었고, 무기질 중에서는 칼륨이 2,111.38mg/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 장뇌삼 잎에서는 카페인이 검출되지 않았으며, 1,170.48 mg/100 g의 탄닌이 함유되어 있으며, 조렉틴 함량은 5,540 mg/100 g으로 분석되었다. 전자공여능으로 측정한 항산화활성은 장뇌삼 엽차 추출물의 농도에 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 특히 장뇌삼 엽차를 500 ppm로 처리 하였을 때에는 45% 이상의 높은 전자공여능을 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능으로 측정한 항산화활성은 pH 3.0 보다 pH 6.0에서 높게 나타났으며, pH 6.0에서 250, 500, 1,000 ppm 농도로 처리했을 때 각각 23.47, 32.84, 51.41%를 나타내었다. 고지방식이를 7주간 급여하며 장뇌삼 엽차를 병행 투여하였을 때 식이섭취량은 고지방식이 급여 대조군과 장뇌삼 엽차를 병행 투여한 실험군 모두가 정상군에 비해 감소하였으며, 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 장뇌삼 엽차 급여군은 약 6.4% 감소하였다. 체중 100 g당 간의 무게는 $3.11{\pm}0.29\;g$인 정상군에 비해 $4.82{\pm}0.08\;g$인 고지방 급여 대조군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 장뇌삼 엽차 병행급여군도 고지방식이 급여 대조군과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 혈액 중 총 지방함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방식이 급여 대조군에서 66.2% 증가하였으며 장뇌삼 엽차 급여 시 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 8.0% 감소를 나타내었으나 유의적이지는 않았다. 혈액 중 총콜레스테롤 함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방식이 급여 대조군에서 66.6% 증가하였으며, 장뇌삼 엽차 공급 시고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향이었다. 혈액 중 중성지질 함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방식이 급여 대조군에서 172.5% 증가를 나타내었고, 장뇌삼 엽차 공급군은 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 7.3% 감소하였다. 혈액 중 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 정상군에 비해 고지방식이 급여로 36.4%의 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, 장뇌삼 엽차를 병행급여하였을 경우 정상군과 유사한 수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 장뇌삼엽차의 항산화활성 및 지질대사 개선효과 등을 통해 장뇌삼엽차의 개발 및 산업화에 대한 기초자료를 얻었으며 추가 실험을 통한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.733-740
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• 2011

For the current study, 2,000 questionnaire sheets were printed and distributed while at the same time postal questionnaires were also conducted. The questionnaire survey was conducted July 25 through September 25, 2008, whereby 206 copies of desirable responses were secured. Analysis of the survey made it possible to grasp the overall current status and prospects of the mountain-grown ginseng business, and the level of technology required for cultivating mountaingrown ginsengs. It was learned that, with no legal and institutional arrangements now in force, no precise facts and figures concerning the total area cultivated and the quantity produced are currently available, and that the products are being marketed under the table. Under such circumstances, it is high time for the mountain-grown ginseng cultivation business to contribute to the promotion of incomes of the farming households and the generation of national wealth by developing the business into a systematic industry. This study conducted a survey on the current status of mountain-grown ginseng producers and of their production, thereby contributing to the introduction of policies for mountain-grown ginsengs.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

Mountain cultivated wild ginseng(MCWG) pharmacopuncture, which is known to have anti-cancer and anti-oxidation actions, was administered for clinical usage and changes in manifestations were observed on three patients suffering from pain attributed from liver dysfunctions. In two cases of hepatitis due to poisoning by drugs and one case of liver cirrhosis, long-term administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture yielded significant changes in AST and ALT, which are important indices for liver functions. Improved liver functions after the administration of MCWG pharmacopuncture suggest a need for investigation on future usage of MCWG pharmacopuncture on liver dysfunctions, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Further studies on treating aforementioned disorders by MCWG pharmacopuncture are needed immediately.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.456-466
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• 2002

Wild ginseng production is increasing due to forest recovery for last 30 years. Total number of Symmani (traditional mountain ginseng digger) was 558 in 2001. Provincial distribution of Symmani in 2001 was highest in Kangwon $(32\%),$ next in Choongbook $(21\%)$ and least in Jeonnam $(0.7\%)$ and Kyoungnam $(0.9\%).$ Age distribution of Symmani was $33\%\;for\;fourties,\;32\%$ for fifties and $20\%$ for sixties. There were 8 persons in eighties. Symmanies are still keeping traditional ritual for mountain god serving clothes of colored ribbons and foods. Increased production induced open market system from underground dealing of mountain ginseng. Korea Mountain Ginseng Association established mountain ginseng assessment committee with professional Symmanies in 2001. From September to November in 2001, 987 roots were requested for quality assessment to the committee and 476 roots $(48\%)$ were passed and graded and others were rejected. Highest frequency of rejection was foreign origin. Pass rate was highest $(74\%)$ in Choongnam suggesting best place for quality. Number of collected roots in each province was positively correlated (p=0.05) with number of Symmanies. There are 3 quality groups of mountain ginseng, Heaven (pure natural), Earth (from seeding of wild ginseng) and Man (from seeding or seedling of wild ginseng with slight environmental modification). The relationship between price and age was polynomial in high quality root, Heaven, Earth and seed long head of Man group, and linear in low quality group, seedling long head of Man. The best one in 2001 was 26 g, 124 years old and sold with 109 million won. Quality criteria are age, shape, weight, color and healthy outlook. Fine roots are criteria for health status of roots and taproot is criteria for efficacy and called as medicine barrel. The implication is that ginsenosides have rarely been experienced for efficacy. The quality criteria of cultivated ginseng were originated from those of mountain ginseng. It is unique for mountain ginseng that only fresh one can be on market. Since quality criteria of mountain ginseng must be based on the efficacy experience it is well expected that present criteria might almost be established at the age of Shinnong Materia Medica.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권6호
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• pp.757-763
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• 2009

우리나라에서 주요 장뇌삼 재배지역인 진안, 홍천, 풍기, 안동, 영주 등 5개 지역을 대상으로 지역 간 유연관계를 분석하였으며 산삼의 cDNA library 구축을 통하여 EST 분석을 실시하였다. 24개의 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 총 127개의 다형적 증폭산물을 얻을 수 있었으며 지역별로는 영주가 다형적 증폭산물의 수가 18개로 가장 많았다. 유집분석을 수행한 결과, 지역 간 유사도 범위는 0.46~0.58의 범위로 나타났고 영주를 제외한 홍천과 풍기, 안동과 진안이 각각 다른 그룹을 형성함에 따라 지리적 거리와 유전적 유사도와의 관련성은 찾을 수 없었다. 산삼 뿌리에서 cDNA library를 구축하여 EST를 통해 유전자 기능을 분석하였으며 11개의 cDNA의 염기서열을 결정한 후 아미노산 상동성을 비교한 결과, 9개의 EST들이 기능이 알려진 유전자들과 상동성을 나타내었고 2개는 기능이 알려지지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 Homeodomain transcription factor 유전자와 상동성을 나타낸 PGM002를 탐침 DNA로 만들어 장뇌삼의 잎과 뿌리를 대상으로 Northern Blot을 실시한 결과, 장뇌삼의 뿌리에서만 발현되는 전사체임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Expensive herbs such as ginseng are always a possible target for fraudulent labeling. New mountain ginseng strains have occasionally been found deep within mountain areas and commercially traded at exorbitant prices. However, until now, no scientific basis has existed to distinguish such ginseng from commonly cultivated ginseng species other than by virtue of being found within deep mountain areas. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer has been shown to be an appropriate method for the identification of the most popular species (Panax ginseng) in the Panax ginseng genus. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified between three newly found mountain ginseng (KGD4, KGD5, and KW1) and already established Panax species. Specific PCR primers were designed from this SNP site within the sequence data and used to detect the mountain ginseng strains via multiplex PCR. The established multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of newly found mountain ginseng strains, Korean ginseng, and foreign ginseng in a single reaction was determined to be effective. This study is the first report of scientific discrimination of "mountain ginsengs" and describes an effective method of identification for fraud prevention and for uncovering the possible presence of other, cheaper ginseng species on the market.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2024

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family that is known to have various beneficial effects including improving memory loss and spatial cognitive ability, and anti-cancer and anti-diabetes activity. Its functional benefits also include improving liver function, regulating blood pressure, stress, and providing antioxidant activity. Usually, various agrochemicals are used in cultivating ginseng preventing from many diseases. Methods: FCGP (field cultivated ginseng in pot) was implemented by imitating MCWG (mountain cultivated wild ginseng). Pesticide analysis of pot cultivation was carried out and the contents of bioactive components such as ginsenoside were also analyzed. Results: FCGP ginsenoside content was higher than that of FCG (field cultivated ginseng) and MCWG. FCGP has been shown to have a relatively high antioxidant effect compared with cultivated ginseng. Conclusion: It was confirmed that ginseng can be grown for 6 years without resorting to use of pesticides. In addition, it was confirmed that effective accumulation of physiologically active ingredients such as ginsenoside is possible. Our result represents FCGP is a novel method of pesticide-free ginseng cultivation