• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

The Korean rural landscape has changed significantly due to nationwide modernization and industrialization in recent years. Moreover, as urbanization progresses due to population and economic growth, rural areas surrounding the suburbs of cities are feeling the pressure of encroaching urban sprawl. Use of land for human-made structures such as road and housing development is also increasing, resulting in the destruction of nature in rural areas. Adopting a concept of conserving rural landscape in future development projects is therefore highly desirable.The main focus of this study is to look into the traditional concept of the village and to classify some elements of the traditional rural landscape. Daegu Metropolitan City, the third metropolitan city in Korea, is chosen as the subject of the study. The existing 227 villages have been studied on the basis of their principles and types of village locations in relation to the traditional concepts of 'Feng-shui' and 'Tackriji'. The characteristics of the village location are divided into two aspects: the natural landscape, such as topography, hydrosphere, and azimuth, and the historical and cultural landscape, such as customs(Only the natural landscape aspect is included in this study). The natural landscape, a condition of the village location, is divided into three areas: topography, hydrosphere, and azimuth. There are two types of topography: flatland type and mountain type. There are two sub-types in the mountain type: ridge and valley, which depend on the village location in relation to the shapes of the mountains. There are four types of hydrosphere which include waterways and three directions of mountain depending on the shape: front, behind and side. The direction of the village is analyzed from the direction which the houses in the village face. Therefore, the natural landscape element as a condition of the village location is closely related to the traditional concepts of the village.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study's purpose was to provide basic data for the monitoring of ecological changes caused by change of vegetation structure of Abies koreana forest in a study site susceptible to climatic change in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, Jeju Island. Surveys revealed this: in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, per 1 ha of A. koreana forests, total number 1,781, and A. koreana number 989, accounting for 55.5% of the total number of trees. 190 A. koreana or 19.2% were found to be dead. For the number of individual trees by DBH, trees standing 5 cm - 10 cm tall formed the largest portion at 39.9%, and in the case of other trees except A. koreana, the number of individual trees below 5 cm accounted for 23.5% of the total number of trees. The survey of importance by height revealed this: at the top level, the importance of A. koreana was the highest at 106.23, but the sum of importance of temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees (Prunus maximowiczii, Quercus mongolica, and Taxus cuspidata) was higher at 142.84 than that of A. koreana. The analysis of species diversity revealed 0.645 species diversity for the tree layer and 0.817 for the shrub layer; for evenness, 0.549 for the tree layer and 0.664 for the shrub layer; for dominance value; 0.451 for the tree layer and 0.336 for the shrub layer. The analysis of tree vitality revealed that for the A. koreana forests in Yeongsil, the composition ratio of A. koreana by type is AS type>AL type>DS type>DB type, and that of the other trees is AL type>AS type>AF type>AB type. Compared with the forests in other areas, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area have a very high occurrence rate of dead trees, and a high importance of trees is shown in the deciduous broad-leaved tree forests. Compared with the A. koreana forests in the Jindallaebat area, with the same level above sea, the vegetation structures are fast changing. Also, due to dryness and other non-physical environmental changes caused by a lack of rainwater and dry winds in winter, dead trees are fast increasing in number. Environmental changes such as climate change diversely affect the maintenance of A. koreana in individual areas, and if environmental changes are fast and continue long, of the A. koreana forest areas in the Hallasan Mountain, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area will decrease fastest in number and will experience changes in the vegetation structure. Thus, it is necessary to survey the vegetation changes in A. koreana forests, which are distributed in all directions but are centered on Hallasan Mountain, and to thus conduct long-term monitoring and research.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.510-514
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to develop Mountain Search and Rescue System for enhancing search and rescue operations in the mountains. This study also focused on presenting an alternative to using a cellular phone for requesting rescue due to their unreliability in remote areas. This system is designed to help in the search and rescue of people in emergency situations in the mountains. It is composed of buzzer sensors, environmental information sensors, and a statistical analysis program. A key feature of this system is that it does not require an infrastructure of internet or CDMA networks for its operation in the mountains. The measure for the study was conducted by using a zigbee protocol analyzer, RF module and 433MHz Helical antenna to analyze the rate of data reception in relation to the distance between nodes. This system is applicable to mountains provided the distance between nodes is over 100 m and under 150 m.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2007

After researching 154 rural areas named 'valley' in Goesan County, Chungbuk Province, they are classified by 2 two classes. Firstly, villages located on the crossways valley are 109 of 154, they are located on the valley which is at right angles with a direction of light of a mountain range. A closed valley location is placed in the deep valley against a background mountain range. It is divided with closed large valley and small valley. Secondly, an open valley location style is 45 of 154. It means the villages are paralleled with a direction of mountain and located with same direction of entrance.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

This study tries to identify distributional characteristics of stream incision rates at 23 points in the northern part of the Taebaek Mountains. Soyang-gang, Naerin-cheon, Odae-cheon, Dong-gang and upper reaches of Okdong-cheon Rivers closed to the Range show higher incision rates and the rates clearly decrease with distance from the Range. Therefore, the incision process in the northern part of the Range has been greatly influenced by uplift around the Range, and the Sobaek Mountain Range seem to play a role in the incision process. Limestone areas show lower incision rates due to degradation of terrace surface by dissolution. This study suggests that local hydrological, geological and geomorphological conditions can be regarded as an important factor in stream incision rates, although stream incision rates are greatly influenced by regional uplift.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

국립공원 주변지역은 도시확장과 개발로 인하여 야생동물들의 이동통로가 단절되고 서식지들은 작은 조각들로 파편화되었다. 서식지의 파편화는 야생동식물들의 교류감소와 근친교배로 인한 생물들의 다양성을 감소시켜왔다. 무등산국립공원 주변지역의 생태축을 파편화 시키는 주요 원인은 묘지, 산맥 절개지, 도로와 공공주차장, 농지에 의한 산지잠식, 도시기반시설, 송전탑, 도시지역 등이다. 국립공원 주변지역은 국립공원과 도시지역의 생태계가 서로 교류하며 공생할 수 있도록 생태디자인을 통해 연결체계를 갖추어야 한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 1993

우리나라에서 국내목재소비량(國內木材消費量)은 과거 20-30년 동안에 급격하게 증가했고 최근에는 휴양(休養)을 위한 삼림이용(森林利用), 수원함양(水源涵養)과 국토보전(國土保全)을 위한 보안림(保安林)의 필요성(必要性)이 점차로 증대해가고 있다. 그러나 삼림(森林)을 조성해야할 삼림소유자(森林所有者)들이 산촌(山村)에서 도시(都市)로 이동(移動)하고 있으므로 삼림(森林)에 대한 사회(社會)의 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 삼림활동(森林活動)이 어려워지고 있으며 따라서 도비화문제(都鄙化問題)가 중요한 정책과제(政策課題)로 되어 있다. 본(本) 논문(論文)은 삼림자원화(森林資源化)를 위하여 산촌문제(山村問題)를 분석한 사례연구이다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

In March 2015, the milk quota system in Europe that had lasted for more than 30 years was abolished to improve the competitiveness of the European dairy sector in the international market. Despite an increase in the consumption of dairy products in Europe, the milk price is expected to stabilize in the next decade after a decrease between 2015 and 2016. This stabilization of prices will be caused by a significant increase in production, with the proportion exceeding domestic demand to be exported. In the international market, the price of milk will reduce in the next decade, leading to a restructuring of the milk sector with a lower number of farms, but with higher production and efficiency. Mountain farms will follow the same trend, although these farms play an important social role by providing ecosystem services such as maintaining cultural services, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting soil stability, and improving the aesthetic value of the landscape. Nevertheless, they remain at a disadvantage compared with lowland farms. To prevent the loss of mountain farms, there is thus a need to valorize the ecosystem services that they provide and promote the processing of milk into certified products of high quality.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study identifies the ways of utilizing abolition schools and the problems possibly caused by amalgamating small schools in agricultural, mountain and fishing villages. This study aims to find ways to collaborate with the communities based on the characteristics of the districts where schools might be abolished, which can contribute to the development of the society. Following results are integrated by the theoretical framework, social and educational necessities, and analysis of the current situation about the utilization of abolition schools. First, alternative schools, characterized schools, specialized high school can be established as the result of abolition schools that are caused by lack of people in the city. Second, since it is easy for people to access to the agricultural, mountain, and fishing villages near cities, abolition schools in these areas can be used as experience facilities or training places for students and teachers. Third, in case of the abolition candidate schools in the agricultural, mountain, and fishing villages in the districts, students and village people can use the schools for education and social purposes. Fourth, when abolition schools are independently located from the agricultural, mountain, and fishing villages, they can be used as self-service places or local peoples' places for business.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.40-52
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• 2021

장백산은 시대마다 다양한 민족이 생활하였고, 시대별 민족들은 자신들만의 신앙문화로 장백산을 신성시 하였다. 기존의 장백산 문화에 대한 연구들은 특정 시대 사건에 관한 연구만 이루어지고 있는데, 정작 장백산의 신성성이 시대별로 어떻게 변천하고, 시대별 민족들의 신앙문화와 어떠한 관계가 있고, 어떻게 변하였는지에 대한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구는 장백산 신성성을 역사적 사료에 입각하여 시대적으로 변천해 온 의미를 고찰하고 분석하는 것이다. 장백산 신성성의 변천을 통시적으로 고찰하기 위하여 시대별 민족들의 신앙문화와 장백산 공간의 관계에서 발생하는 성현을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 구체적으로, 성현으로 드러난 신성한 공간을 보호하기 위한 활동을 고찰하였고, 도출된 결과를 가지고 장백산 신성성의 변천을 해석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 장백산 신성한 활동은 시대별로 다음과 같이 변천하였다. 청나라 이전 시대 민간들은 생계와 생존을 위한 화신제사, 성신제사, 산신제사, 버드나무신제사를 하였고, 금나라 왕은 악진(嶽鎭)과 같은 제사의례로 장백산신에게 제사를 드렸다. 청나라 시대 황제는 망제전을 조성하고 직접가거나 관원을 파견하여 국가를 상징하는 최고의 제사의례로 장백산신에게 제사를 드렸다. 근대는 장백산 정상에 팔괘묘를 조성하고, 장백산신에게 제사를 드리거나 팔괘의 술수를 통하여 장백산 자연과 장백산에서 생활하는 인간들의 길흉을 판단하였다. 또한 이 시기 민간들은 생활과 생산을 위하여 인격화 된 신 산신노파두를 중심으로 제사활동을 하였다. 정리하면, 장백산의 신성한 활동은 청나라 이전 시기는 애니미즘의 사상을 기본으로 한 샤머니즘 제사활동, 청나라 시기는 황실의 성산으로서 신성성을 받들기 위한 최고의 황실 제사의례, 근대시기는 이주민들의 도교사상을 기본으로 한 제사활동으로 변천하였다. 그리고 신성한 활동으로 바라 본 장백산의 의미는 청나라 이전 시대 생계의 산에서 청나라 시대 국가의 산으로 위상이 승격하였다가 근대 생산의 산으로 변화하였다.