• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2005

Background: Blunt thoracic trauma in children has a high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assessed the significance of the injury pattern, mechanism and initial status in emergency department on severity and prognosis in pediatric blunt thoracic trauma patients. Method: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and chest X-ray and CT images of 111 pediatric blunt thoracic trauma patients from October 2000 to June 2005. Data recorded age, gender, season, injury mechanism, injury pattern, associated injury, length of hospital stay and cause of death. Result: Of all 111 patients, 68 patients were injured by motor vehicle accidents, 30 were falls, 5 were motorcycle accidents, 3 were sports accidents and 5 were miscellaneous. In thoracic trauma, single injury of lung contusion were 35 patients and 32 patients had multiple thoracic injuries. Hospital stay in school age group were longer than preschool age group. The causes of death were brain injury in 9, respiratory distress in 4, and hypovolemic shock in 2 patients. Emergently transfused and mechanically ventilated patients had higher mortality rates than other patients. Patients required emergency operation and patients with multiple thoracic injuries had higher mortality rates. Conclusion: In this study, patients with combined injury, emergency transfusion, mechanical ventilation, emergency operation, multiple injuries in chest X-ray had higher mortality rates. Therefore in these pediatric blunt thoracic trauma patients, accurate initial diagnosis and proper management is required.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure and risk assessment of residents near asbestos mines in Korea. Methods: To assess asbestos types and airborne concentrations, air monitoring was performed in the neighborhoods of Kwangcheon (KC) and Sinsuk (SS) mines, which were leading South Korean mines in the past. In addition, activity-based-sampling (ABS) of residents' particular activities were conducted in order to estimate the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks (ELCRs) for the residents. Conclusions: The average concentration of airborne asbestos in KC was 0.0014 f/cc and 0.0015 f/cc by PCM and TEM, respectively. In SS it was equal at 0.0012 f/cc by PCM and TEM. No statistically significant difference was found in the average concentration of airborne asbestos between the two mines. The average asbestos concentration of ABS was 0.0048 f/cc (PCM) and 0.0042 f/cc (TEM) in KC, while it was 0.0137 f/cc (PCM) and 0.0125 f/cc (TEM) in SS. It was found that the average asbestos concentration of ABS in SS was statistically significantly higher than that of KC (p<0.01). The results of ELCRs by scenario in KC showed that the scenarios of bicycle, car, weed control, weed whacking, child playing in the dirt, and physical training fell within $1{\times}0^{-6}-1{\times}10^{-4}$, which is the acceptable range of ELCR. The scenarios of motorcycle, walker, digging, and field sweeping, however, exceeded the acceptable range. In SS, only the scenario of car fell within the acceptable range, while all of the other scenarios exceeded the acceptable range.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2004

In adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder of no response to nonoperative treatment, an arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation improves range of motion and pain relief. We performed an arthroscopic examination in the stiff shoulder, of which she had no response to nonoperative treatment, after the conservative treatment of a clavicular shaft fracture by motorcycle-driver traffic accident. We found the intra-articular 'rotator interval bridging scar adhesion' between subscapularis tendon and antero-superior glenoid fossa under the rotator interval which was no adhesion and contracture itself. We performed the scar adhesion removal and synovectomy, maintaining the rotator interval. We recommended nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for postoperative pain relief and continuous active and passive range of motion (ROM) exercise to gain motions. Preoperatively, active and passive range of motion were 70° for forward elevation, 60° for abduction and especially 0° for external rotation. After postoperative 2 months, active ROM were 150° for forward elevation, 130° for abduction and 80° for external rotation. After postoperative 6 months, passive and active ROM were full. UCLA score improved from preoperative 9 points to postoperative 29 points.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2003

The focus of this research was concerned with studying lower body type for Korean adult males. To understand the features of men's lower body required to organize an optimal sizing system for men's tight-fit slacks, information from the measuring values based on research on the physical standard of the nation(l997) were summarized; in addition, a factor analysis and a cluster analysis among multivariate analyses were performed. In terms of the need for appropriate fit in motorcycle wear, basic lower body parts applying to each item had to be taken into consideration to enhance sizing suitability. In the case of the length of the lower limbs, the inclusion of protectors plays an important role in affecting sizing. The factors related to the lower body were defined as follows: Factor 1 was the vertical dimension of the lower body, Factor 2 was the horizontal dimension of waist and hip, Factor 3 was the horizontal dimension of the lower limbs, Factor 4 was the length of hips, and Factor 5 was the ankle height. The lower body part was also divided into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 referred to the smallest stature and skeleton structure among the 3 body types. Cluster 2 represented the biggest stature, with a thin lower limbs body type. Cluster 3 represented a medium stature but with a large skeleton structure of lower limbs, a muscular type. In conclusion, Cluster 2 appeared most in the 20s age groups, but Cluster 3 appeared most in each of the 30s, 40's, and 50's age groups.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 추계학술대회지
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• pp.111-124
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• 2005

개정 수상레저안전법은 주5일 근무제의 확대시행과 더불어 수상레저활동의 대중화로 수상레저기구와 수상레저활동자가 급속하게 증가함에 따라 현행 제도의 운영과정에서 나타난 미비점을 보완하고자 2005년 3월에 개정$\cdot$공포되었다. 이 법은 수상레저기구를 이용한 수상레저활동의 안전에 관한 가장 중요한 규정들을 대부분 포함하고 있는데, 특히 수상레저기구의 등록 및 안전검사제도의 신설 도입과 수상레저활동자에 대해 보험가입을 의무화 한 것이 가장 주목할 만 하다. 본 논문에서는 수상레저안전법 개정에 따른 수상레저안전법 하위법령의 개정안과 수상레저기구관련 보험제도의 도입방안에 대하여 살펴보았다. 또 수상레저안전법에서 등록 및 안전검사와 관련하여 적용범위에서 상충될 여지가 있는 선박법 및 선박안전법에 대하여 문제가 되는 부분을 지적하고 이에 대한 해결방안을 제시하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2005

대만의 국토면적은 36,006 km$^2$ 이고 2003년 현재 인구는 대략 22,535,000명 으로써, 인구밀도는 625명/km$^2$ 에 달한다. 대만 경제는 1970년 이래로 꾸준히 발전하여 국민총생산이 2004년에는 1981년의 493%까지 증가하였다. 또한, 자동차 보유대수에 있어서도 1981년에 821,862대에서 2004년에 6,389,186대까지 증가하기에 이르렀고, 모터싸이클은 1981년 4,591,547대에서 2004년 12,793,950대로 늘어났다. 이들로부터 발생하는 폐자동차 및 폐모터싸이클의 리싸이클링은 폐기물처리법에 의거 관리를 받고 있으며, 일차적으로 이의 생산자 혹은 수입업자가 최종 처리까지 책임을 지도록 하고 있다. 또한 이들은 일정한 비율의 부담금을 예치하도록 법으로 정하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 대만에서의 폐자동차 및 폐모터싸이클의 처리현황과 특히 향후 이를 관리하게 될 EPA-RMFC의 계획과 처리방향에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

미도는 문 스펜서가 제시한 이론으로 아름다움의 정도를 수치로 표현하려 한 것이다. 그리고 미국의 학자 버크호프가 문 스펜서의 미는 복잡성 속의 질서성을 가진 것이라는 명제를 분석하였다. 그는 미도의 공식을 발표하여 미도의 정도를 수량적으로 취급하였다. 따라서 기존의 색채 조화론의 부족한 점을 제거하여 보다 과학적이고 정량적인 조화이론을 전개했다. 본 논문에서는 배색의 좋고 나쁨은 질서의 요소와 복잡함의 요소로 나누었다. 미도는 질서의 요소를 복잡함의 요소로 나눈 것이다. 이를 영상의 미도 계산에 활용하여, 감성으로 취급되는 색채조화 및 부조화의 문제를 수치적으로 계산하였다. 그리하여 영상에서 색을 판별하여 미도가 좋은 배색인지 아닌지를 나타내었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.464-475
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• 1992

Head Injuries due to traffic accidents are now the leading cause of death and long term disability in males between 30-50 years. Many patients with head injuries experience mild dysfunction of cognition without major neurosurgical problems, and this may interfere with successful rehabilitation. However, not many studies have been done to investigate the cognitive functioning following mild head injuries. The purpose of this study was to obtain injured patient's dermographic data including medical, neuropsychological and social data, and to investigate the cause of injury and alcohol use at the time of injury. This study focused on the recovery of cognitive function in patients with head injuries and used the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) score and its correlation with dermographic and social data. Data on 77 patients with minor head injuries who were admitted to the department of Neurosurgery in 3 and I hospital in Dae Jun from September 1991 to February 1992 were analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) Out of the 77 cases reviewed in this study, 62 were male, 15 were female. 2) A higher incidence of injury was observed between 7:00 PM and 12:00 PM. 3) The most common cause of head injury in traffic accidents was pedestrian accidents, and the next most frequent cause was motorcycle accidents. 4) Thirteen of the 77 cases in this study were under the influence of alcohol at the time of injury, and they were all male. 5) The MMSE scores one month after injury and at discharge were significantly lower in patients with head injuries that included skull fractures than in patients without skull fractures, suggesting lower cognitive function in patients with skull fractures. 6) The level of consciousness at admission and three days after admission measured by the GCS for drivers under the influence of alcohol was lower than for sober drivers. The MMSE score was also lower for drunken drivers. 7) The MMSE score one month after the injury had a reciprocal relationship with the age of the patient. 8) The MMSE score one month after the injury and at discharge were highly correlated with the duration of unconsciousness. 9) The MMSE score one month after injury and at discharge were highly correlated with the GCS scores at admission, three days after admission, and one week after admission.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2012

자유 낙하하는 물체가 받는 힘은 중력뿐이다. 우리는 중력만을 받아서 운동하는 것을 자유 낙하 운동이라고 하고 자유 낙하하는 물체를 자유낙체라 한다. 즉, 자유낙체란 물체의 초기 운동 상태와 무관하게 중력의 영향으로만 자유롭게 낙하하는 물체를 말하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 공기의 저항을 무시하고, 수직방향으로 짧은 거리의 범위내에서 고도에 의한 자유낙하 가속도의 변화가 없다는 가정을 한다. 이러한 가정 하에서 자동차가 수직 상 방향으로 도약하여 최고점에 도달하는 시간, 최대높이, 자동차가 출발 위치로 돌아오는 시간과 자동차의 속도, 자동차가 땅에 떨어질 때의 시간 및 속도에 대해 알 수 있다. 이는 텔레매틱스에서 자동차나 오토바이가 도약하는 정도와 사고의 위험을 측정할 수 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1005-1012
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• 2005

An OHT(Over Head Transportation) vehicle is an example of the industrial monorail vehicle, and it is used in the automobile, semiconductor, LCD manufacturing industries. OHT vehicle is moved by main wheels and guide rollers. The major function of the main wheel is to support and drive the OHT vehicle. The roles of the guide roller is the inhibition of derailment and steering of the OHT vehicle. Since the required vehicle velocity becomes faster and the required load capacity is increased, the durability characteristics of the wheel and roller, which was made of urethane, need to be increased. So it is necessary to estimate the fatigue life cycle of the wheel and roller. In this study, OHT dynamic model was developed by using the multi body dynamic analysis program ADAMS. Wheel and roller are modeled by the 3-D surface contact module. Especially, motor cycle tire mechanics is used in the wheel contact model. The OHT dynamic model can analyze the dynamic characteristic of the OHT vehicle with various driving conditions. And the result was verified by a vehicle traveling test. As a result of this study, the developed model is expected to predict wheel dynamic load time history and makes a contribution to design of a new monorail vehicle.