• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.467-469
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• 2010

We report an extremely rare case of traumatic cervical spinal subdural hematoma not related to intracranial injury. There has been no report on traumatic cervical spinal subdrual hematoma not related to intracranial injury. A 27-year-old female patient was admitted to our emergency room due to severe neck pain and right arm motor weakness after car collision. On admission, she presented with complete monoplegia and hypoesthesia of right arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed subdural hematoma compressing spinal cord. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed 210,000 red blood cells/$mm^3$. She was managed conservatively by administrations of steroid pulse therapy and CSF drainage. Her muscle power of right arm improved to a Grade III 16 days after admission. Follow-up MRI taken 16th days after admission revealed almost complete resolution of the hematoma. Here, the authors report a traumatic cervical spinal SDH not associated with intracranial injury.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

최근의 차량 연비는 환경 규제 및 고가의 연료 가격으로 인하여 중요한 문제로 대두되었다. 연비 향상을 위한 기술 개발은 엔진, 파워트레인 등 차량의 많은 구성품들의 성능을 개선하였다. 따라서 연비는 많이 향상 되었으나 연비 측정은 현재도 주어진 모드(LA-4, FTP-75 등)에서 컴퓨터 모의시험 및 다이나모에서 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 실제 도로의 연비 향상 방안을 도출하기 위하여 약 213Km 영동고속도로를 제안하는 3가지 다른 알고리즘으로 모의 주행하였다. 이를 위해 GPS 수신 데이터 중에서 거리와 고도 데이터를 추출하여 각 구간의 경사도, 주행저항을 계산, 알고리즘에 따른 속도 프로파일을 약 213Km 전 구간에 대해서 완성하였다. 이 속도 프로파일로 컴퓨터를 이용한 AVL Cruise 프로그램으로 모의 주행하여 연비를 산출하고 Eco-driving 방안을 제안한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.939-942
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• 2007

Vacuum cleaner is a close life product that can remove various dusts from our surroundings. However well vacuum cleaner clean our environments, many people are looking away from it, due to its loud noise. Its noise causes a big trouble in the usual life, for example, catch calls, TV watching and discussing etc. To reduce these inconveniences, noise reduction methods and systematic design of low noise vacuum cleaner are studied in this paper. At first, sound quality investigation is performed to get the noise level and quality that make people TV watching and catch calls available. Based on the European and domestic customer SQ survey result, sound power, peak noise level and target sound spectrum guideline are studied and introduced. As a second, precise product sound spectrums are designed into each part based on the sound quality result. Fan-motor, brush, mainbody, cyclone spectrums are decided to get the final target sound based on the contribution level. Fan-motor is the major noise source of vacuum cleaner. Specially, its peak sound, RPM peak and BPF Peak, cause the people nervous. To reduce these peak sounds, high rotating impeller and diffuser are focused due to its interaction. A lot of experimental and numerical tests, operation points are investigated and optimization of flow path area between diffusers is performed. As a bagless device, cyclones are one of the major noise sources of vacuum cleaner. To reduce its noise, previous research is used and adopted well. Brush is the most difficult part to reduce noise. Its noise sources are all comes from aero-acoustic phenomena. Numerical analysis helps the understanding of flow structure and pattern, and a lot of experimental test are performed to reduce the noise. Gaps between the carpet and brush are optimized and flow paths are re-designed to lower the noise. Reduction is performed with keeping the cleaning efficiency and handling power together and much reduction of noise is acquired. With all above parts, main-body design is studied. To do a systematic design, configuration design developments technique is introduced from airplane design and evolved with each component design. As a first configuration, fan-motor installation position is investigated and 10 configuration ideas are developed and tested. As a second step, reduced size and compressed configuration candidates are tested and evaluated by a lot of major factor. Noise, power, mass production availability, size, flow path are evaluated together. If noise reduction configuration results in other performance degrade, the noise reduction configuration is ineffective. As a third configuration, cyclones are introduced and the size is reduced one more time and fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh configuration are evolved with size and design image with noise and other performance indexes. Finally we can get a overall much noise level reduction configuration. All above investigations are adopted into vacuum cleaner design and final customer satisfaction tests in Europe are performed. 1st grade sound quality and lowest noise level of bagless vacuum cleaner are achieved.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2010

Purpose: Spinal epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rare condition requiring an urgent diagnosis and management. We describe here the clinical features, magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings, and outcomes of surgery in six patients with spinal EDH. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed six patients who underwent surgery for spinal EDH between April 2004 and May 2010. Preoperative MRI findings within 48 hours of symptom occurrence were analyzed for cord compression, extent of EDH, and presence of vascular abnormalities. Pre- and postoperative neurological status was also assessed comparatively. Results: Our six patients consisted of three men and three women, with a mean age of 70 years (range: 54-88 years), who presented with the back pain or motor weakness. The mean follow-up period was 34 months (range: 2-72 months). Two patients had cardiovascular disease and were taking warfarin, but the others had no history of medical comorbidity. Those two patients taking warfarin had a history of trauma, another one experienced symptoms during a strenuous effort, and the others developed spontaneously. Before surgery, motor power was grade III in three patients, grade 0 in two patients, and normal in one patient. Preoperative MRI showed no vascular abnormalities except for the EDH in any patient. At the last follow-up, all those five patients with motor weakness showed neurological improvement compared to their preoperative status. There were no complications related to surgery. All six patients were able to ambulate with or without an assistive device. Conclusion: Spinal EDH can occur in patients without trauma, bleeding diathesis, or combined vascular pathology. The surgical outcomes of spinal EDH seem to be satisfactory, even in quadriplegic patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

Objective: The decision to adopt a conservative or surgical modality for a relatively small volume of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is difficult and often controversial, especially when consciousness is tolerable. The authors examined the results of stereotactic-guided evacuation of SICH for relatively small volumes with respect to functional outcome. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 387 patients with SICH who underwent stereotactic-guided evacuation (n = 204, group A) or conservative treatment (n = 183, group B) during the past 8 years. The primary end-point was recovery of functional status, which was estimated using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: All patients had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of $\geq$ 13 and unilateral hemiparesis of less than motor power grade 3. Group demographic characteristics and initial neurological statuses were similar. In all cases, the volume of SICH involved was < 30 cm$^3$ and location was limited to basal ganglia and thalamus. At 6-month follow-ups, MBI was 90.9 in group A and 62.4 in group B (p < 005), and MRS was 1.2 in group A and 3.0 in group B (p < 0.05). Better motor function and stereotactic-guided evacuation had a significant effect on a functional recovery in regression analyses. Conclusion: Even in patients with a small volume of SICH, stereotactic-guided evacuation improved functional recovery in activities in daily life than conservative treatment did.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.264-267
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• 2011

A 50-year-old man presented bilateral hypesthesia on and below the T6 dermatome and paresthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intraspinal extradural tumor, which located from the 6th thoracic vertebral body to the upper margin of the 7th vertebral body, continuing dumbbell-like through the intervertebral foramen into the right middle thorax suggesting a neurogenic tumor (neurofibroma or neurilemmoma). With the patient in a prone position, we exposed and excised the tumor via a one stage posterior approach through a hemi-laminictomy of T6. Histologic examination showed a grade 1 meningothelial meningioma, according to the World Health Organization classification. Initially, we assumed the mass was a schwannoma because of its location and dumbbell shape. However, the tumor was actually a meningioma. Postoperatively, hypesthesia resolved completely and motor power of the leg gradually full recovered. A postoperative MRI revealed no evidence of residual tumor.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate Oriental Medicine Therapy on the Lumbosacral plexitis patient. Methods : The patient was treated with dry needle acupuncture, bee venom pharmacupuncture, herb medicine, indirect moxibustion and physical therapy. We estimated S kinds of Symptoms by Visual Analog Scale, lower limb motor grade test, gait condition test and sensory examination to evaluate the effect of Oriental conservative treatment. Results : After treatment, patient's visual analogue scale score were generally decreased 10 to 4 and lower limb muscle power and gait condition were improved. Conclusions : Oriental Medicine Therapy might be an effective method to treat the Lumbosacral plexitis patient who was diagnosed as Wei Symptom. It is necessary to have more observation and many cases of patients with Lumbosacral plexitis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2014

Idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (IHSP) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disorder characterized by marked fibrosis of the spinal dura mater with unknown etiology. According to the location of the lesion, it might induce neurologic deficits by compression of spinal cord and nerve root. A 58-year old female with a 3-year history of progressive weakness in both lower extremities was referred to our institute. Spinal computed tomography (CT) scan showed an osteolytic lesion involving base of the C6 spinous process with adjacent epidural mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an epidural mass involving dorsal aspect of cervical spinal canal from C5 to C7 level, with low signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images and non-enhancement on T1 weighted-enhanced images. We decided to undertake surgical exploration. At the operation field, there was yellow colored, thickened fibrous tissue over the dura mater. The lesion was removed totally, and decompression of spinal cord was achieved. Symptoms improved partially after the operation. Histopathologically, fibrotic pachymeninges with scanty inflammatory cells was revealed, which was compatible with diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Six months after operation, motor power grade of both lower extremities was normal on physical examination. However, the patient still complained of mild weakness in the right lower extremity. Although the nature of IHSP is generally indolent, decompressive surgery should be considered for the patient with definite or progressive neurologic symptoms in order to prevent further deterioration. In addition, IHSP can present as an osteolytic lesion. Differential diagnosis with neoplastic disease, including giant cell tumor, is important.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-135
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• 1968

As physical fitness measured was muscle strength (hand grips, leg extention, back lift, and arm pull and thrust), skinfold thickness (5 different sites), circulatory function (resting heart rate and blood pressure), speed (kinesiological analysis during 100m sprint, record, maximal and final speed), motor function (50 meter dash, ball throwing, standing broad jump, and pull-ups), maximal aerobic power (maximum oxygen intake by field running method), muscle power (leg and arm by inertia ergometer), and general endurance (maximum endurance running time on the treadmill at the speed of 5 MPH and grade of 15.5%) of 1131 Korean children (boys 572, girls 559) aged of 6 to 17 years, who were randomly sampled from 24 primary, middle and high schools at the two districts of Seoul and KyungKi. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The status (height and weight) of the children was almost same as that of the previously reported Korean and Japanese children of same ages. 2) Muscle strength was a gained linearly with geting age in the boys and girls but there was a little improvement in girls aged of 13 years or more. 3) The mean skin fold thickness was increased linearly with geting ages in both sexes, but the girls from 12 to 17 years of age were increased rapidly, and maximum value was 17mm, while boys was 7.0 mm. 4) In the circulatory function, the resting heart rate was decreased, but the blood pressure was increased with ages in both sexes within the normal limits. 5) The maximum and final speed during 100 meter sprint increases with age in boys but girls who are 12 years old or older, were not improved any mere. The patterns of running were same in both sexes, and maximum speed reached at about 30 meters from starting line. 6) The motor function was increased with age in both sexes, but there was no improvement in 12 years of age or older girls. More over records of all functions except standing broad jump was less than those of Japanese in the same age, respectively. 7) The maximum oxygen intake (MOI) was increased considerably with ages and maximum values were 2.93 L/min (boys) and 2.09 L/min (girls) at the age of 17years. This result was almost same as that of the Japanese and Easter Island population, but the value was lower than that of Europe. The average of the maximum oxygen intake per kg body weight per minute from 9 to 17 years of age were around 53 ml in the boys and 42 ml in the girls. 8) Muscle power was increased linearly with ages in boys while there was relatively a little increment in girls. The maximum values of leg muscle in boys and girls at the 17 years of age were 0.168 and 0.088 horse power, respectively. 9) The maximum endurance running time was increased considerably from the age of 9 in boys, while there was no improvement in girls. The maximum values were 6.0 min and 1.8 min, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.1158-1166
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• 2006

목 적 : 늘어지는 증상을 주소로 신생아 및 소아 중환자실에 입원한 영아들의 임상적, 신경학적, 전기생리학적 소견 및 유전적 진단 결과를 통한 분석을 통해 늘어지는 영아 증후군의 진단적 분류 및 진단 방법에 대한 고찰을 하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1993년도부터 2005년까지 13년간 서울대학교 병원 어린이병원 신생아 중환자실 및 소아 중환자실에 늘어지는 증상을 주된 주소로 입원한 영아들을 대상으로 하였다. 후향적 의무기록조사를 통해 임상 소견 및 검사 소견들을 조사하였고 최종 진단명을 분류하였다. 결 과 : 늘어지는 증상을 주소로 내원한 영아들은 21명이었다. 최종 진단명은 중추성 기원이 7명(33.3%), 말초성 기원이 11명(52.4%), 나머지 3명은(14.3%) 두 그룹 중 어느 그룹으로도 분류되지 못하였다. 중추성 기원은 저산소-허혈성 뇌증이 3명으로 가장 많았고, 그 외에 Prader-Willi 증후군 2명, 염색체 이상 1명, 일과성 저긴장증 1명이 있었다. 말초성 기원은 myotubular 근병증이 4명으로 가장 많았고, SMA 1형이 3명, 선천성 근긴장성 이영양증 2명, 선천성 근이영양증 1명, 그 외 분류되지 않은 운동신경질환 1명이 있었다. 가족력이 있었던 경우는 말초성 그룹에서만 3명이 있었고, 신경학적 검진 상 근력은 중추성 그룹에서 평균 Grade 3 이상이었고 건반사도 활발하게 나타난 경우가 많아 다른 그룹의 환자들과 차이를 보였다. 검사상의 소견은 근전도 검사에서 말초성 그룹이 66%의 민감도를 보였고 근생검은 말초성 그룹에서 진단적이었다. 중추성 그룹에서 뇌 영상 검사가 진단적이었고 진단율이 높지는 않았지만 Prader-Willi FISH 나 염색체 검사를 통해 진단이 되었던 경우가 있었다. 그외의 분자 유전학적 검사로 확진 가능한 말초성 그룹의 환자들이 있었다. 입원 기간 및 기관 삽관 기간은 말초성 그룹에서 현저하게 길었고, 추적 관찰 시 사망 및 심한 발달 지체의 비율도 말초성 그룹에서 높게 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 늘어지는 영아들의 임상상을 바탕으로 진단적 분류를 시행하고 각 진단 분류에 유용한 검사를 순서대로 진행시킨다면 효과적인 진단이 이루어질 수 있을 것이다.