• 가정간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2001

With the improvement of current medicine, the number of the chronicly ill children are increasing. The illness of the child drives all of the family to despair. especially it is a burden on the mother who takes care of the ill child. She's faced with many emergencies and feels powerless. The home care for a child is for finding a child's problems early and mediating them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mother's reaction following their chronicly ill child's discharge and to investigate the supporting needs for caring for an ill child. The subjects of this study were mothers with a chronicly ill child being discharged from a general hospital in Seoul and the data was collected from July 20 to September 30. Data was collected by using questionnaires which were developed by the researcher. (The questionnaires were composed of the average 5 points - Likert's method). The Mother's reaction means that the higher the score, the more negative the mother's thoughts about discharge are. Supporting need for caring for ill an child means that the higher the score, the higher the demand of nursing is. The statistical analysis used the SPSS program for t-test. ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mother's reaction scores following discharge were the lowest. 19 and the highest 72 so that the total average was 43.15. The answer, 'I worry that my baby will be troubled with illness again after discharge gained the high points (3.94 of 5 points). The answer. 'The discharge of my baby makes me gloomy' gained 2.05-it was the lowest points. Their were significant differences according to religion (p=.006). salary (p=.050). the burden of the medical fee (p = .005) and caregiver (p=.027). 2. Supporting Need for caring for ill an child was the lowest 15 and the highest 67. the total average was 47.87. The answer. 'I'd be glad to get a person whom I could always get counsel about the health of my baby with' scored the high point (average 4.04 of 5). The answer. 'Caring for my baby at home makes me exhausted' gained the lowest point. 2.49. Their were significant differences according to religion (p=.019) and diagnosis (p=.019). 3. The relationship between the reaction of the mother and supporting need for caring for an ill child was a positive correlation (r=0.585). In conclusion. this study revealed that mothers weren't positive about their chronicly ill child's discharge and they wanted to get support for caring for an ill child. Through this study. I proposed that the program to support the chronicly ill child at home and home care by continuous counselling after discharge should be develop.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.245-273
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental factors that affect mathematics learning of students in multicultural families. For this study, as study subjects, eight elementary school students and one middle school student, who were born and grew up in multicultural families in Korea due to international marriage of Korean father and foreign mother, and their five mothers were selected. To examine factors affecting mathematics learning and interests of students in multicultural families, relationships with parents, friends, and teachers were surveyed, and mathematics attitude test was performed. After conducting one on one interview based on collected questionnaires and results of the attitude test, qualitative data analysis was performed. As a result of survey and interview, positive factors affecting mathematics learning of students in multicultural families included arousing interest in mathematics through mother's mathematics teaching in her mother language and direct teaching, good peer relation, teacher's compliment and encouragement, and lowering the burden of language in accordance with characteristics of mathematics course.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.105-121
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• 1999

The major purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the extracurricular lesson expenses on the Burden of Household Expenditure. The data are collected from 537 housewives with a child aged 18(2nd grade in high school) in Seoul. The statistics used for the data analysis are frequency, percentage, crosstables, one way ANOVA, and multiple regression. The statistic softwear used for this study is SPSS. The Result on a base of empirical analyses follow: 1. Respondentg’s expenditure on extracurricular lesson fees is about 430,000 won per month, which is about 28% of the living cost. 2. There are four types of the methods preparing extracurricular lesson fees: ‘Frugal Type’, ‘Excess Type’, ‘Composit Type’, ‘Self-supportable Type’. 3. Region, the living cost, sex of children, net worth, and the mother’s education show statistically significant effect on the extracutticular lesson expenses. 4. The regression analyses incicate that Burden of Household Expenditure increased by 1.9 point according to 1% increase in expenditure on extracurridular lesson fees. The higher budget share of expenditure on extracurricular fees, the higher level of Burden of Household Expenditure.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2009

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of an early nursing intervention program to support mothers of children aged 0-3 yr living in poverty. Methods: In this study, mothers who received financial support from the government were recruited from one city and assigned to an intervention group (24) and comparison group (18). They completed a baseline questionnaire about depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament. Also, Denver II screening of the children was performed by the researcher. Mothers in the intervention group received a home visit intervention every two weeks for three months. At 3-months post-baseline, questionnaire and Denver II screening were reused to compare these two groups. Results: Mother's depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of depression declined only in the intervention group. Mothers in the intervention group showed higher Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores than mothers in the comparison group. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that this nursing intervention is an effective parenting program. The early nursing program for mothers with infant and toddlers in poverty is effective in promoting HOME, the child rearing home environment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.84-96
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identity the degree of burden and social support perceived by mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients. Also, relations between burden and social support were investigated to provide basis data for their family health and nursing intervention. The study subjects were mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Jun. 1, 1998 to Jun. 30, 1998. Burden measurement Instrument for this study was designed by the researcher and its basis in one developed by Montgomery et al.(1985) and the reliability was .78. Also. P.R.Q. Part I, II by Brandt and Weinert(1981) was used as social support measurement instrument and the reliability .71. The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA Pearson correlation. The result were as follows. 1. Burden felt by mothers shows an average value of 60.82 (Maximum 86, Standard deviation 1.244). 2. Of the mother characteristics, the score of burden was high in case of no religion and low income. Of the patient characteristics, the score burden ranked as high MCNS, doing oral therapy, injection therapy at the same time and negative perceived patients condition. 3. The mean score of support was 77.54(Maximum 96, Standard deviation 1.096). 4. The main supporters were husband (the highest), brother, sister, health speciality and the subject expressed the highest satisfaction toward supporters in chronic disease. 5. Of the patient characteristics, the higher age group and the elder group showed high support. Also, positive perceived patient's condition, high support. 6. The relationship between burden and social support is not significant. In conclusion to the above study, the researcher suggests. 1. The Qualitative research to investigate influential factors on burden of family of nephrotic syndrome patients is needed.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine factors which influence maternal parenting stress. The subjects were 182 mothers with toddlers 12 to 36 months old living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, PDH(Parenting Daily Hassles), EAS(Emotionality, Activity, Sociability), Value of children by Lee et al., PAI(Parenting Alliance Inventory), and burden of the costs of children. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. The main results of this study were as follows: First, the mean score of activity temperament, emotional value of children and husband's support were higher than average. The mean score of Emotionality temperament, instrumental value of children, burden of the costs of children and maternal stress were average. Second, maternal parenting stress was positively correlated with emotionality temperament, mother's age, burden of the costs of children, and negatively correlated with emotional value of children, and instrumental value of children, husband's support. Third, emotionality temperament, husband's support, burden of the costs of children, maternal employment status, and instrumental value of children had an impact on maternal parenting stress. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to providing basic data for establishing a policy to decrease maternal parenting stress.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2007

Purpose: This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine differences in maternal health related characteristics, child rearing burden, and social support depending on economic status. Method: Using home visits, data were collected from 100 poverty stricken mothers, 51 in the extremely poor group and 49 in the low income group, and 200 mothers of a general group being seen in one public health center. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify maternal health variables including child rearing burden and social support. Results: Parent's education level, marital status, and primary caregiver were significantly different according to socioeconomic status. Poverty stricken groups showed poor rates for prenatal checkups, lower Fe supplementation, and more artificial abortions and history of cesarean section. Continuing breast feeding as planned was significantly lower for mothers with low economic status. Present health problems of the mother, child-rearing burden, and social support were not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that special attention and interventions for the poverty stricken groups is important to improve maternal and child health status.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.297-319
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 시각, 청각, 지적 여성장애인의 자녀양육부담과 부모역할만족도의 관계를 살피고 자녀와의 의사소통이 이들 사이를 매개하는지를 검증함으로써 여성장애인의 양육부담을 경감시키고 효과적인 부모역할 수행 방안을 마련하는데 있다. 조사는 서울지역 장애인복지관과 여성장애인 관련 단체의 협조를 통해 총 13개 기관에 300부를 배포하였고, 청각장애 여성은 자기기입방식으로, 시각과 지적장애 여성들은 조사원이 읽어주고 대답하는 방식으로 210부를 회수하여 최종분석에는 187부가 사용되었다. 연구결과 양육부담은 부모역할만족도와 자녀와의 의사소통에 직접적인 부적(-) 관계를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자녀와의 의사소통은 양육부담이 부모역할만족도에 영향을 미치는 관계를 매개하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 여성장애인의 양육부담을 감소시키고 부모역할만족도를 증진시키는 동시에 자녀와의 의사소통 기술을 보다 강화하는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.389-400
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• 1997

This study examined the effects of group social support on the reduction of burden and increase in well-being of mothers of developmentally delayed children. The research used a one group pre-pose experimental design. The independent variable in the experiment was group social support. Two series of 4-weekly meetings for group social support were conducted by the researcher with the intention of developing a self-help group. The dependent variables were burden and well-being. Well-being was operationalized as physical symptoms and quality of life. Thirty mothers of developmentally delayed infants from the rehabilitation center of a medical center participated in the study. Data were collected by interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the subjects was 29.9 years. Changes of the dependent variables between pre and post tests were compared using the t-test. Even though there was a slight improvement in the scores for the dependent variables, they were not statistically significant. The items, "I resent my baby". "I feel angry about my interactions with my baby", "I feel guilty in my relationship with my baby" showed a significant decrease in burden score and were statistically significant. Symptoms of loneliness, constipation, anxiety, restlessness were less and feeling of happiness was greater after participation in the group social support, than on the pretest. The mothers showed emotional instability and frustrations during the group sessions but their reactions in general were positive. Emotional support, stress management and information provided were identified as the most valuable content of the sessions. However, participation was not active due to the mother's denial, delayed acceptance and /or avoidance of their infants' problems. It can be seen that group social support for the mothers with developmentally delayed children should be provided after infancy when the mothers have time to accept their children's conditions and are ready to receive support. The use of comprehensive instruments which measure burden in both families and mothers needs to be developed for future research.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2004

The factors that affect the adjustment of the siblings of handicapped children were explored in this study. More specifically, how social and demographic variables affect the burdens the handicapped children's siblings experience, and how such burdens affect their adjustment in school and in the family were examined. The participants of this research were 139 students in elementary schools and middle schools, who have one or more handicapped siblings. The participants were recruited through their handicapped siblings who received services from social wet(are facilities in Daejon and Chungchong area. The scales used in this study were the measurement or Burdens for Handicapped children's siblings (Lee, Yoon Hwa, 2002), FACES (Olson et al, 1986). and The Measurement of Children's Adjustment in the School (Lim Jung Soon, 1993). The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, average. standard deviation, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. 'rho results show that handicapped children's siblings have no difficulty in adjusting in the family if they have a religion, an elderly mother, and a high family income. They have no difficulty in adjusting in the family and in school, as long as they have no or little negative change in family relationship, low psychological burden, and no negative relational change for the handicapped sibling. Father's age and the family income their the only factors that affect their adjustment in school.