• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.138-148
• /
• 2016

The success of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) has enabled us to improve risk assessment and provide novel genetic variants for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. However, most variants discovered by GWASs have been reported to have very small effect sizes on complex human diseases, which has been a big hurdle in building risk prediction models. Recently, many statistical approaches based on penalized regression have been developed to solve the "large p and small n" problem. In this report, we evaluated the performance of several statistical methods for predicting a binary trait: stepwise logistic regression (SLR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and Elastic-Net (EN). We first built a prediction model by combining variable selection and prediction methods for type 2 diabetes using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 5.0 from the Korean Association Resource project. We assessed the risk prediction performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the internal and external validation datasets. In the internal validation, SLR-LASSO and SLR-EN tended to yield more accurate predictions than other combinations. During the external validation, the SLR-SLR and SLR-EN combinations achieved the highest AUC of 0.726. We propose these combinations as a potentially powerful risk prediction model for type 2 diabetes.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2013

This study examines the effectiveness of brand awareness, brand image and brand identification on brand loyalty for the Nike brand. The subjects of this study were 336 elementary school boys. The statistical methods used for this study were factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis with SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 19.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, brand awareness had a direct effect on brand image and brand loyalty. Brand awareness also had an indirect effect on brand loyalty. Second, brand image directly or indirectly influenced brand loyalty as well as directly influenced brand identification. Third, brand identification directly influenced brand loyalty. The $5^{th}$ grade group and $6^{th}$ grade group had different paths; however, the most powerful path was the same as brand awareness to brand image. The results of this study will help fashion companies understand the importance of new consumer groups in their early teens or elementary school.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.9_10 s.157
• /
• pp.1434-1444
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of reference group on the adolescents' behavior of fashion brand conformity. As for the method of the research, questionnaires were given to 672 students of middle school and high school. The results of this study were as follows: First, the differences between disposition of general conformity and behavior of fashion brand conformity were found to be meaningful in the dimensions of reference groups and their influences. Second, the classification between stage of brand consideration and stage of brand choice was found to be significant in the two-stage model of brand choice. Finally, the subjective individualism and the behavior of brand conformity were significantly correlated and the mass media stars & the identificational influence were the most powerful factors to explain the behavior of fashion brand conformity for the adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2010

Modular design is a very important design methodology that allows designers to develop a product family at low product development and production cost. This design methodology is also very powerful for products that require frequent design changes due to customer requirements. Most research on modular design is focused on the modularization based on functional decomposition, physical interface and manufacturing process of parts. In this paper, we propose a modularization method that takes size of human body parts into consideration for products which have physical interactions with the products such as office chairs and sport machines. Evaluation of modular design is based on dependence measurement between every pair of components in the design. In addition we proposed a module sizing method for the maximization of customer satisfaction in MC(Mass Customization) environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.9 s.174
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2005

The laser interferometer system such as HP5529A is one of the most powerful equipment fur measurement of the straightness error in precision stages. The straightness measurement system, HP5529A is composed of a Wollaston prism and a reflector. In this system, the straightness error is defined as relative lateral motion change between the prism and the reflector and computed from optical path difference of two polarized laser beams between these optics. However, rotating motion of the prism or the reflector used as a moving optic causes unwanted straightness error. In this paper, a compensation method is proposed for removing the unwanted straightness error generated by rotating the moving optic and an experiment is carried out for theoretical verification. The result shows that the unwanted straightness error becomes very large when the reflector is used as the moving optic and the distance between the reflector and the prism is far. Therefore, the prism must be generally used as the moving optic instead of the reflector so as to reduce the measurement error. Nevertheless, the measurement error must be compensated because it's not a negligible error if a rotating angle of the prism is large. In case the reflector must be used as the moving optic, which is unavoidable when the squareness error is measured between two axes, this compensation method can be applied and produces a better result.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2008

Biochips are a powerful emerging technology for biomedical, environmental applications. Especially, making use of bioseonors in the evaluation of toxicity becomes increasingly important. For biosensor as a toxicity detection, biomolecules like antibodies or aptamers have been developed to specifically capture the toxic target molecules. In addition, the development of optimal chip materials capable of maintaining the activity of embedded biomolecules such as proteins or aptamers has proven challenging. Here, using sol-gel materials, new chip material, whose ability for immobilizing the embedded aptamers and maintaining the ability of embedded aptamers is optimal, was searched. We used sol-gel formulation screening methods previously developed and found the best formulation which shows high sensitive and specific interactions of aptamers. This study results will support the technological advancement for diagnosis and environmental sensor.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study purposed to identify the factors influencing cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) skills in nursing students. Methods: The research design was descriptive study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires. The participants of this study were 202 nursing students in B & U metropolitan city, and C city. Data were collected from November 15 to November 30, 2013. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Multiple stepwise regression with SPSS WIN v 20.0. Results: CPR knowledge(r=0.51, p<0.001), critical thinking disposition(r=0.43, p<0.001), CPR attitude(r=0.56, p<0.001). self efficacy(r=0.74, p<0.001), and CPR skills were significantly correlated with each other. Predictors of CPR skills were self efficacy, CPR knowledge, critical thinking disposition, grade, and CPR attitude. These variables explained 60% of CPR skills. Multiple regression analysis showed that most powerful factors influencing CPR skills among nursing students was self efficacy. Conclusions: Based on this study, it is required to develop nursing education program to improve self efficacy of nursing students for increasing CPR skills.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.160-175
• /
• 2015

The echolocation calls of bats can provide useful information about species that are generally difficult to observe in the field. In many cases characteristics of call structure can be used to identify species and also to obtain information about aspects of the bat's ecology. We describe and compare the echolocation call structure of 14 of the 21 bat species found in Korea, for most of which the ecology and behavior are poorly understood. In total, 1,129 pulses were analyzed from 93 echolocation call sequences of 14 species. Analyzed pulses could be classified into three types according to the pulse shape: FM/CF/FM type, FM type and FM/QCF type. Pulse structures of all species were consistent with previous studies, although geographic variation may be indicated in some species. Overall classification rate provided by the canonical discriminant analysis was relatively low. Especially in the genera Myotis and Murina, there are large overlaps in spectral and temporal parameters between species. On the other hand, classification rates for the FM/QCF type species were relatively high. The results show that acoustic monitoring could be a powerful tool for assessing bat activity and distribution in Korea, at least for FM/QCF and FM/CF/FM species.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this is to identify the relationship among the age, body mass index(BMI) and exercise frequency(EF) with knee joint position sense in korean healthy women. Methods: Healthy women of 328 who participated in this study were tested knee joint position sense; reposition error was measured with a Myrin goniometer. Each reposition error was analyzed using descriptive statics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean reposition error by age groups was significant decrease getting older. The mean reposition error by BMI groups was significant decrease getting higher. And the mean reposition error by EF groups was significant decrease getting lower. The knee joint position sense showed a significantly correlation with age(r=0.36, p=.00), BMI(r=0.34, p=.00) and EF(r=-0.50, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of knee joint position sense was EF. The reposition error according to stepwise multiple regression is $3.36+(-2.64){\times}EF+0.13{\times}age$, and account for 46%($R^2=0.46$) of the variance in the knee joint position sense. Conclusion: The older the women are, for prevent of knee injuries due to decreased joint position sense, regular exercise is essential factor.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting health promoting lifestyle in nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a convenient sampling (n=682) in a three-year nursing college. The health promoting lifestyle was measured by the instrument of Walker's and self esteem was measured by the instrument of Rosenberg's. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, oneway ANOVA and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score of health promoting lifestyle was 2.34. The score of psycho-social well-being subscale was higher than that of health promoting behavior subscale. The highest score was on the interpersonal relations subscale, and the lowest score was on the physical activity subscale. The self-esteem, mental health status, satisfaction with school life, school year, perceived economic status, and gender accounted for 31.9% of the variance of health promoting lifestyle. Conclusion: Self-esteem was the most powerful influencing variable of the health promoting lifestyle, and physical activity was the lowest score of the health promoting lifestyle subscale. Therefor nursing educators should consider to include a health promotion program with increasing self esteem and physical activity in the nursing curriculum.