• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.150-160
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• 2006

This study was performed to provide basic information of the development and breeding of new cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus L., which have more beautiful and diverse flowers. Morphological characteristics of the leaves and genetic variation of the leaves of two Jeoktanshim-line cultivars, Bulsae and Pyungsung, were crossed each other. The result of the cross between Bulsae and Pyungsung are as follows: Mean leaf length and width were 6.09cm and 3.36cm, respectively. Mean petiole length was 1.08cm, and mean shoulder width and incision depth were 1.50cm and 0.84cm, respectively. Mean leaf base angle was $98.56^{\circ}$. Leaf index and petiole length were the most important components of leaf characteristics. Two groups were clustered in distance level 5.4. The result of the cross between Pyungsung and Bulsae are as follows: Mean leaf length and width were 5.25cm and 3.10cm, respectively. Mean petiole length was 0.87cm, and mean shoulder width and incision depth were 1.50cm and 0.76cm, respectively. Mean leaf base angle was $107.87^{\circ}$, which was the widest among ten cross combinations. Two groups were clustered with seven leaf characteristics in distance level 4.2. Group I included two small groups, and group II included four small groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine geographic variation to support a genetic resource conservation plan of rare endemic Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carriere. Three populations of P. jezoensis were analysed using multivariate analysis for 7 characteristics of needle morphology. In the morphological characters, seven characters of needle were 15.11 mm (needle length), 1.43 mm (needle width), 0.42 mm (needle thickness), 10.9 (length / width of needle), 3.6 (width / thickness of needle), 0.47 mm (Distance between resin duct and vascular), 17.4 ea. (number of stomata row), respectively. Nested analysis showed that were statistically significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations in 6 quantitative characters. In 5 of 7 characters, variance components among populations were higher than those among individuals within populations. Cluster analysis using complete linkage method showed two groups (Mt. Gyebang populations was genetically distinct from the other two populations) to Euclidean distance 0.4. Among principal components, primary 2 principal components appeared to be major variables because of the loading contribution of 100%.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

Seven individuals (16.1~29.1 mm in length) which were estimated with fishes of genus Abudefduf were collected in Seogwipo, Jeju Island in the summer of 2011 and 2012. Among them, five individuals (20.8~29.1 mm SL) are similar to Abudefduf notatus, based on morphological characters such as yellow transverse band on the body, one small black spot on the base of the pectoral fin, and yellow caudal fin. On the other hand, two individuals (16.1 mm, 17.0 mm SL) differ from them in several light transverse bands and transparent rays of all fins except for pelvic fin, and anterior transparent head with only one (16.1 mm). According to the results of molecular analyses of 578 base pairs of mtDNA 16S rRNA sequences, these individuals correspond to A. notatus adult, with a high bootstrap value of 95% (genetic distance, d=0.002). Therefore, this study shows that the individuals more than 20.8 mm similar to adult body color but the 16.1 mm individual differs to that of adult. We confirm that this species changes to body color during their early life stages. This result regards as a survival strategy to protect themselves against their predator during their early life stages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cone protective net and the variation of cone and seed characteristics of a unique and rare dwarf stone pine (Pinus pumila Regel) population in Mt. Seorak which is in the southern peripheral of South Korea. Iron protective net (50 mesh, 25 ${\times}$ 25 cm) was effective in reducing birds and rodents damage to conelet, thereby it was possible to safely collect seed genetic resources. Early July was observed to be the most appropriate season to cover conelet with Iron protective net. P. pumila have ovoid-triangle shaped, wingless seeds and indehiscent cones, seeds dissemination is mainly by the hoarding behavior of nutcrackers and rodents. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences among individuals within population, and the mean characteristics of the species were 35.3 mm, 25.6 mm, 1.38, 6.6 g and 39.3 ea in the cone length, cone width, cone index, cone weight and in number of seeds per cone, respectively. Coefficients of variations in seed weight and number of seeds per cone were relatively high (21.7%, 21.5%, respectively) compared to other traits. Based on the correlation analysis between cone characteristics and seed characteristics, the length of cone and seed showed a significant positive correlation with the seed size and the seed weight, but the width and thickness of seed showed a negative correlation with the number of seeds per cone.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and select useful accession with agronomic characteristics of garlic (Allium sativum L.). germplasms at Garlic Research Institute in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Morphological diversity and relationships among 160 germplasms collected from 26 countries were assessed by methods of clustering and principal component analysis. Among 11 types of leaves and bulbs characteristics, emergence days of leaf showed the highest variation with coefficient of variation of 84.8%, and the bulb weight and the number of scales showed higher variability with 24.3%. Correlation analysis based on 11 quantitative traits showed that bulb weight and bulb length have very high positive correlation with bulb quantity. Plant height, leaf length, and number of leaves showed positive correlation with bulb weight as collections with better performance in growth produced large bulb with higher quality. The cluster analysis based on 5 principal components generated 6 clusters with an average distance of 1.6 among clusters. Domestic genetic resources were the largest with 36 species (22.5%) in group II.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.449-460
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• 1992

The main purpose of these studies was to obtain the basic informations necessary to develop soybean varieties. Two determinate soybean varieties, Hwangkeumkong and Jangyeobkong, and two indeterminate varieties, Clark and Williams were used to study the differences in growth and yield characters. Indeterminate varieties showed 30 days longer in days from intial flowering to terminal leaf stage and increased 7-8 more nodes on mainstem after initial flowering than determinate varieties. Determinate varieties were greater at middle-upper part, while indeterminate varieties were greater in middle part for the dry weight of the pods and stem at maturity. Total dry weight per unit area was greater in determinate varieties than in indeterminate ones from the early growth to maturity. However, the duration of vegetative growth was longer and the ability to keep leaf area index in the late growth stage was higher in indeterminate varieties. Variations among plants were greater in the order of branch related characters > mainstem, total vegetative, and yield related characters > morphological characters of mains tern and 100 seed weight. In general, variations of vegetative characters formed in the early growth stage were greater than those of yield characters formed in the late growth stage. On the other hand, the variations of those characters were greater in indeterminate varieties than in determinate ones. Variation of a seed weight within a plant was much smaller in determinate varieties than in indeterminate ones : i.e. coefficients of variation of a seed weight within a plant were from 13.6 to 13.8% in determinate varieties and were from 18.5 to 21.1% in indeterminate varieties, respectively.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

In this paper, the influences of microstructural and surface morphological developments on the soft magnetic properties and giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect of the $Fe_{73.5-x}Cr_{x}Si_{13.5}B_{9}Nb_{3}Au_1$ (x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) alloys have been presented. It was found that the Cr addition slightly decreased the mean grain size of $\alpha-Fe(Si)$ grains. AFM results indicate a large variation of surface morphology of density and size of protrusions along the ribbon plane due to microstructural changes caused by thermal annealing with increasing Cr content. Ultrasoft magnetic properties of the nanocrystallized samples were noticeably enhanced by properly heat treatments at $T_a=540^{\circ}C$ such as an increase of the magnetic permeability and the decrease of coercivity, which is likely due to the formation of nanoscale $\alpha-Fe(Si)$ phase which reduced the magnetoelastic anisotropy of samples. Accordingly, the GMI effect was observed in the annealed samples. The correlation between the microstructure, surface morphology, and soft magnetic properties were explained by nucleation and growth model.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.161-174
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• 2004

Phonological, morphological and molecular characteristics of Spatoglossum pacificum Yendo are examined. S. pacificum has an annual life cycle composed of saprophytes with apparent absence of male and female gametophytes in Korea. The seasonal growth of this species explains that the annual growth is closely related to the monthly variation of water temperature. S. pacificum has protruding reproductive structures above the outmost cortical layer. Although this observation is restricted to several species, reproductive structures on the thallus can make S. pacificurn distinguishable from S. crassum and S. lacturn. The morphogenesis of a midrib at the base of S. pacificum in this study is the same as those of Dictyopteris but different from those of S. crassum and S. lacturn, suggesting that S. pacificum is closely related to Dictyopteris. In the comparison of plastid gene sequences among species of Spatoglossum and Dictyopteris, S. pacificum is more similar to D. divaricata and D. undulate than those of S. crassum in rbcL, rbcS, psbA and psaA. This result is congruent with the anatomical characteristic of a midrib at the base of the thallus and the protrusion of reproductive organs on the thallus. The phylogenetic relationship based on these plastid genes also shows that S. pacifism is included in Dictyotpteris Glade and separated from S. crassum. We propose the new combination of Dictyopteris pacifica (Yendo) I.K. Hwang, H.S. Kim et W.J. Lee, comb. nov. based on the differences of anatomical characteristics of the midrib, the existence of reproductive organs on thallus and the molecular analyses.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.469-473
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• 2014

$SrSnO_3$ phosphor powders were synthesized with two different contents of activator ions $Eu^{3+}$ and $Tb^{3+}$ using the solid-state reaction method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the phosphors were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry, respectively. All the phosphors showed a cubic structure, irrespective of the type and the content ratio of activator ions. For $Eu^{3+}$-doped $SrSnO_3$ phosphors, the intensity of the 620 nm red emission spectrum resulting from the $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$ transition of $Eu^{3+}$ was stronger than that of the 595 nm orange emission signal due to the $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_1$ transition in the range 0.01-0.05 mol of $Eu^{3+}$, but the ratio of the intensity was reversed in the range 0.10-0.20 mol of $Eu^{3+}$. The variation in the emission intensity indicates that the site symmetry of the $Eu^{3+}$ ions around the host crystal was changed from non-inversion symmetry to inversion. For the $Tb^{3+}$-doped $SrSnO_3$ phosphors under excitation at 281 nm, one strong green emission band at 550 nm and several weak bands were observed. These results suggest that the optimum red and green emission signals can be realized when the activator ion content for $Eu^{3+}$- or $Tb^{3+}$-doped $SrSnO_3$ phosphors is 0.20 mol and 0.15 mol, respectively.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. Results: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. Conclusion: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.