• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the osteogenic induction potential of PGA & FBS mixture on a calvarial defect in the rabbit. Methods: Twenty New zealand white rabbit, weighing from 3.5-4kg were allocated into each of the three groups. Four 8 mm sized bone defects were made on the parietal bone by drilling. In group I, the bony defects were implanted with $50{\mu}m$ thickness film containing mixture of PGA and FBS. In group II, with PGA only film, & in group III, the bony defects were left with no implants. Results were evaluated by using morphologic change, radiographic study, biochemical study and histologic examination at 1 week (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14), 2 weeks (group I n=6, group II n=6, group III n=12) and 3 weeks (group I n=7, group II n=7, group III n=14) following implantation. Results: In the morphologic & radiographic study, the formation and corticalization of callus were observed earlier in group I than in groups II and III (p < 0.05). In histological examination, group I showed more abundant and faster new bone formation than in group II and III. In biochemical analysis, group I displayed more activity than in group II and III. Group I also showed more abundant osteopontin, osteocalcin than groups II and III. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the mixture of PGA and FBS has an effect on osteoblastic formation in the rabbit model. It is considered that further evaluation of long term results on resorption, immunologic tissue reaction and response of applied mixture in the human model will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.108-120
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• 2004

Object : Patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism have various causes and clinical features. So, it is difficult to find a satisfactory treatment method functionally and esthetically. Every traditional classification and interpretation to find etiopathogenesis and/or to establish ideal surgical modality has many limitations because it can't be applied simply to various conditions of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism. Therefore, we employ a new classification to interpret more details of the morphologic change of mandible and the spatial change of mandible and maxilla. Materials and Methods : Using panoramic X-ray films, PA cephalograms and submentovertex films of 126 patients diagnosed with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism as resources, the following results were gathered after analyzing each characteristics through distributing the patterns according to the morphological mandibular asymmetry and mandibular and maxillary spatial asymmetry. Results : Almost frequency of morphological mandibular asymmetry was shown. In case of condyle-ramus elongation and body elongation group, it's frequency was the highest. Higher frequency of compensating vertical growth was shown on the side of over growing maxilla in case of vertical length difference between left and right condyle-ramus. On the other hand, higher frequency of no compensating vertical growth difference between left and right side was shown in case of no vertical length difference in condyle-ramus. Spatial mandibular asymmetry generally occurred when there was no morphological mandibular asymmetry. Correlation between condyle length difference and condyle-ramus length difference between left and right side was very high, but correlation between condyle length difference and body length difference, and correlation between condyle length difference and body vertical length difference was low. Conclusion : In case of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism, it is suggested that various pattern of facial asymmetry is occurred by the independent growth of each unit rather than dependent growth of other unit by major growth unit abnormality. Due to the untypical pattern and the various asymmetry occurring according to the changes of each mandibular growth unit, it is considered that an appropriate surgical method should be searched based on the accurate recognition of the each pattern for patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2007

Purpose: The morphological study and dynamic stability of the ulnar nerve around the elbow joint was investigated in asymptomatic normal population using ultrasonography. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for ultrasonographic diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy in cubital tunnel syndrome. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of 25 healthy male volunteers, aged between 20 to 30 years, included in this study. High resolution 7.5 MHz linear probe was used to examine the ulnar nerve in axial and longitudinal views. In a longitudinal view, the course, position and the thickness of nerve were monitored, the diameter of ulnar nerve and dynamic stability at elbow flexion and extension were measured in an axial view at four different points; 1cm proximal to medial epicondyle, behind the medial epicondyle, entrance to Osborne ligament, and 1cm distal to Osborne ligament. Results: The short diameters of ulnar nerve at elbow extension at four anatomic points were 2.66 mm, 2.97 mm, 2.64 mm, and 2.69 mm and the long diameters were 4.61 mm, 4.56 mm, 4.36 mm, and 4.37 mm, which showed no significant change at each point. However, at elbow flexion, the short diameters were changed to 2.72 mm, 2.34 mm, 2.65 mm, and 2.41 mm and the long diameters into 4.49 mm, 5.40 mm, 4.16 mm, and 4.66 mm. At elbow flexion, significant morphologic change was observed in the medial epicondyle area, and the diameter of the ulnar nerve was shortest at the entrance of Osborne ligament both at flexion and extension. In terms of dynamic stability, nine subluxations and seven dislocations were observed. Conclusion: This study shows dynamic instability and a morphological change of long and short diameters of ulnar nerve at flexion and extension in a normal person, which should be considered in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1999

In present, the terminal area of the Nagdong River Delta consists of micro-depositional landforms with sand barrier islands, sand bars and tidal flats which are arranged parallel to the present shoreline, and have rapidly shifted toward sea during last 100 years due to human activities such as construction of estuary dam, industrial complex and residential area. To clarify the landform changes of the area, the author traced the morphologic change pattern based on interpretation of air-photos, topographic maps and old Korean traditional map, and the results are as follows ; Based on the Daedongyeojido, one of the old Korean map, published in 1861, the area including upper part of the delta was underlying by sea level except two larger sand barriers, which means the Nagdong River Delta was not completely formed as the present outline of morphology by 1860s. According to the topographic map(1 :50,000) of 1916, the delta resembled to the present morphology pattern was exposed in 1916, and at this time the area was mainly composed of one sand barrier island, four sand bars and tidal flats, which had slowly elongated southwards before construction of the Nagdong River Estuary Dam in 1987. But after 1987, the area has been rapidly and drastically shifted southwards in arrange with one chain of sand barrier islands (Elsugdo -Myeonghodo-Sinhodo ) and four chains of sand bars (first chain ; Jinwoodo -Daemadeung-Maenggeummeorideung, second chain : Jangjado-Baeghabdeung, third chain ; Saedeung-Namusitdeung, fourth : Doyodeung-Dadaedeung) parallel to shoreline. This rapid landform change of the area is now occurring, and is seemed to ascribed firstly, to the construction of the Nagdong River Estuary Dam on Elsugdo in 1987, the Sinho Industrial Complex on Sinhodo and Myeongji Residential Area on Myeonghodo in 1992, secondly, to artificial alteration of drainage channel and consequential breakdown of former energy system between riverflow and tidal-and wave-energy. From these facts, it is inferred that the landform change pattern of the area will continue until a new equilibrium between the factor available to this energy system is accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.367-372
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• 2007

Cervical dysplasia induces morphologic changes in the cervical epithelium which involve changes in the nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Since the nucleus is one of the significant scattering sources, the N/C ratio change reflects the degree of circular polarization (DOCP) with the depth of signals. Therefore, we used the polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) technique to measure the polarization changes caused by scattering. Cervical tissues were obtained from a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (H-SIL) of one woman and from low normal women. We obtained the mean of the DOCP as a function of depth in the cervix and quantified the change ratio of the DOCP using slopes that were determined by linear fits in the epithelium layer. We found that DOCP of H-SIL decayed faster than that of normal tissue because of the higher scattering in H-SIL as expected. This result indicates that the PS-OCT system might be useful in measurements of change ratio of DOCP with depth for screening of cervical dysplasia.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.123-140
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• 1985

Variation in the facial pattern and effect of the rotational jaw growth on the facial proportion were studied in serial cephalometric radiographs of 40 Korean children (25 boys, 15 girls) ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. According to Y-axis (N-S-Gn) growth change during the 7 years of period, the subject who had exhibited 'wave-like' manner of Y-axis growth change within ${\pm}\;2^{\circ}$ was classified to the Parallelwise group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis increase more than $+2^{\circ}$ was classified to the Clockwise rotation group and the subject who had exhibited Y-axis decrease more than $-2^{\circ}$ was classified to the Counterclockwise rotation group. For the comparison of each group, a total of 22 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by means of computer morphometrics and statistical methods. On the basis of the finding of this study, the following trends were established. 1. The Parallelwise group was $75\%$, the Clockwise rotation group was $12.5\%$ and the Counter-clockwise rotation group was $12.5\%$. 2. The growth pattern of cranial base was related to the rotation of mandible. 9. Maxillary prognathism was occured in the Counterclockwise rotation group and the rotation of palatal plane was occured in the Clockwise rotation group. 4. Mandibular prognathism was occured in the Parallelwise and the Counterclockwise rotation groups, especially in the Counterclockwise rotation group. 5. The degree of maxillo-mandibular divergency was constant in the Clockwise rotation group but decreased in the Counterclockwise rotation and the Parallelwise groups, especially in the Counterclockwise group. 6. There were no differences in the size of the anterior upper facial height (N-ANS) and the posterior lower facial height ((Go-Me)-PNS) but there were differences in the size of the anterior lower facial height (ANS-Me) and the posterior upper facial height ((S-N)-PNS) between each group. 7. The growth increment and the size of the facial depth was not related to the growth pattern of the face but the growth increment and the size of the facial height was related to the growth pattern of the face. 8. Proportional change due to the facial growth rotation was concentrated in the anterior lower face. 9. The most apparent difference between each group was happened in the size of the posterior cranial base (S-Ba) and the facial length (S-Gn).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.10-19
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• 2008

Objective : To investigate the effects of Radix Ophiopogon japonieus on atopic dermatitis, I prepared DNCB(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen) induced atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice and observed the mice by four ways; eye observation, the number of skin behavior times, histological changes of skin and cytokine(Total IgE, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$). Methods : After prepare Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract, DNCB induced atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups. The first is Control group which was intact group. The second is Medication group which was orally medicated Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract one time a day for consecutive 5 days. The third group is Application group which was applied Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract externally one time a day for consecutive 5 days. After that, the effect of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus on atopic dermatitis was observed. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kmskal-Wallis test and statistical significance was set at less than 5%. Results : 1. Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed some in both Medication group and Application At observation of skin morphologic change, effects to prevent erythema reaction on skin group. 2. At the number of scratching behavior times, Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an effect to decrease scratching behavior times, but there was no statistical significance among three groups. 3. At skin tissue H-E stain, Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an effect to prevent skin epidermal tissue damages and also showed that it could keep the skin healthy in both Medication group and Application group. Especially in Application group, the skin of mouse showed almost normal recovery. 4. At cytokines, there was no statistical significance among three groups in IgE and IL-4. But Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an significant effect to suppress $IFN-{\gamma}$ in both Medication group and Application group. There was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion : Radix Ophiopogon japonicus has some effects on atopic dermatitis in both internal medication and external application.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.871-886
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• 2008

Objective : Gypsum fibrosum has been traditionally used in treatment of febrile diseases and recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory effect. Chronic renal failure has a serious clinical symptoms including proteinuria, azotemia, anemia, and hyperlipidemia and has characteristic histopathological changes, glomerular hypertrophy, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and crescentic sclerosis, We investigated the effects of gypsum fibrosum on renal functional and histopathological disorder in chronic renal failure rat model induced 5/6 nephrectomy. Methods : Using Sprague-Dawley rats, CRF was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. The rats were divided into 3 groups, normal, conrol, and gypsum administered orally with gypsum fibrosum 500mg/kg/day. Body weight, 24 hr proteinuria, hematologic analysis, and histological morphologic changes were followed up after 8 weeks. The glomerular macrophage/monocyte infiltration, $TGF-{\beta}_1$, type IV collagen, and angiotensin II type1 receptor($AT_1$) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Resuls : In the CRF control group, functional parameters and histopathologic changes clearly indicated the development of CRF. 24 hr proteinuria significantly increased in the CRF control group over the normal group, and serum creatinine level was lower in the gypsum group than in the control group, LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the gypsum group than in the control group. Morphological investigations showed a variety of characteristic features of CRF, glomerular hypertrophy, increasing cellular density of glomerulus, deposition of extra-cellular matrix, fibrotic change, and glomerular sclerosis in the control group, but in the gypsum group, these features diminished significantly. In observation of renal type IV collagen and $AT_1$ expression, positive area significantly increased in the control group over the normal group, and it significantly decreased in the gypsum group compared to the control group. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that gypsum fibrosum inhibits $AT_1$ and type IV collagen expression in renal tissues and attenuates progression of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in chronic renal failure rats, which lead to amelioration of renal function. From these results, we suggest that gypsum fibrosum may have renoprotective effects and could be a useful remedy agent for treating chronic renal failure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.703-714
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to acquire various methods for the fashion image coordination and to examine common features of variation of coordination methods according to the trend. It has attained by investigating Men's fashion image coordination through trend analysis in terms of its coordination features and its variety aspects. For this study, it has classified into twelve typical Men's fashion images in collecting 1,291 pieces of photographs on the subject of jackets and pants from Men's fashion collection$(1995\~2002)$. The study has examined methods and features of fashion image coordination by year according to design elements and the harmony between items. In addition, it has drawn common factors in the image coordination. The summary and conclusion are as follows. A year of 1995, it has presented as the essential code of the variation that morphologic aspects of a design in the fashion image coordination. Various designs have developed through the variation of shapes such as shoulder width, shoulder pad, jacket width and its length and so on. In the initial stage, the width of shoulder and jacket has fitted into large pattern and then adjusted elegantly to make fit the body that indicates a dissolution according to an avant-garde image. At the time that over-measurement of the shape has reduced and high quality and variation of materials has gradually become significant. Those are often used that high-quality glossy materials or other materials which are opposite to the basic code of the original fashion image materials and qualities regardless of images. On the pattern and color, in addition, have represented neat and elegant impression with moderate applications rather than quantitative abundance that have used opposite elements to the basic code f3r the change code like materials. Furthermore, before and after 1999, ' it shows that a concept of the total coordination has arisen that increased coordination methods to strengthen and affluent its images for the whole with wearing accessaries such as hats, gloves, sunglasses, mufflers, bags, belts and so on.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 1997

Hapatic tissues of ICR mouse intraperitoneally injected with Triton WR-1339 were observed to investigate the morphologic change of liver by destruction of lipid metabolism as hyperlipidemia. The hepatic tissues were obtained at hour-24, 48, and 72 after triton injection that were fixed in fromol-calcium solution and were cryocut. These tissues were stained by H&E for general morphology, sudan black B for lipid, and perchloric acid-naphthoquinone method for cholesterol. The increase of hepatocyte having meshlike cytoplasm were shown in all hepatic lobules after triton injection and the hepatic plates were disappeared in the region aggregated meshlike hepatocyte. The number of blue black colored lipid drop and dark green colored asterisk shaped cholesterol particle in hepatic cytoplasm were increased than the saline injected mouse and the size of lipid drop was enlarged. As results indicated that the lipid metabolism were destructed by triton injection, subsequently hepatocyes accumulated with lipid including cholesterol.