• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.13.1-13.8
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• 2011

Previous research has established the existence of individual differences with regards to individuals' optimum time of well-functioning; specifically in terms of being either morning or evening oriented. An association has also emerged between being more evening, as opposed to morning, oriented and having a greater number of sexual partners. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether "eveningness" in males is an evolved sexually dimorphic trait consistent across different cultures. A sample of 179 male Sri Lankan men residing in two different cultural and economic settings, Italy and Sri Lanka, were administered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) followed by assessing their sexual behavior history. The results robustly portrayed a highly significant main effect of MEQ types highlighting the twofold sexual success enjoyed by the evening individuals in both regional locations. Morning oriented individuals, showed a stronger preference for going out and partying than evening-types, suggesting that the higher mating success of evening types is not due to their different lifestyles allowing more opportunities to encounter females. However, evening types exhibited a preference for flirtatious behaviors in the later part of the day. Shoulder-to-hip and handgrip strength, as measures of testosterone levels, were not significantly associated with eveningness. The results are discussed in terms of sexual selection and its interplay with human cultural variation.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep habits, sleep disturbance, and circadian types, and to identify factors influencing sleep disturbance in nursing students. Methods: Participants were 140 senior nursing students. The data were collected from May 19 to 27, 2008 using self-report questionnaires. Results: 1) Evening type delayed sleep-wake schedules were more frequent than for morning type, especially during weekend and evening shift duty. 2) In total sleep time, there were no significant statistical differences between morning type and evening type during weekdays, weekend, day or evening shift duty. 3) On weekdays and day shift duty, the mean score for sleep disturbance was significantly higher in the evening type compared to the morning type. 4) Sleep disturbance in weekday and day shift duty was influenced by circadian types, eating habits, and gender. Conclusion: The circadian types are a very important factor for determining the sleep quantity and quality in nursing students.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The Korean version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) and sleep habits inventory were administered to 1,038 Korean male daytime workers and were analyzed according to age and chronotype to determine what these factors reveal about sleep habits in view of phase difference of circadian rhythm. The mean and distribution of scores on the MEQ moved significantly toward the morning type with aging. Bedtimes and waking times were progressively later from the morning, intermediate, to evening types, and were also earlier with aging. Preferred bedtimes and waking times showed more distinct differences than did the habitual times in each chronotype. The percentage of subjects who answered that sleep length was 'short', mood upon waking was 'bad', and variabilities of bedtime and sleep length were 'large' were greater in the young and evening types than in the elder and morning types, respectively. These findings suggested that subjects were shifted toward the morning type and the phase of circadian rhythm had moved forward with aging. Preferred bedtime and waking time were a better reflection of individual circadian rhythms than habitual bedtime and waking time.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2014

Objectives Circadian rhythms have been known to have associations with psychiatric disorders and personality traits. The present study investigated the relationships between circadian typology and temperaments/characters in a non-clinical Korean population. Methods Two hundred six healthy Korean college students (male 109, female 97) participated in this study. The subjects completed the Composite Scale of Morningness for circadian typology and 140-item Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short version (TCI-RS). Results Multivariate analyses of covariance showed a significant association between chronotypes and temperamental dimensions of the TCI-RS. Morning types were significantly associated with lower harm avoidance and higher persistence and self-directedness dimensions, compared to evening types and intermediate types. No interaction effects between sex and chronotypes were shown for temperamental dimensions. Conclusions The present findings suggest that high persistence and self-directedness characters are related to morning types and high harm avoidance temperament is more related to evening types.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify sleep patterns, alertness, and fatigue of shift nurses according to circadian types. Methods: The researchers' enrolled 17 nurses doing shift work in a tertiary hospital. To evaluate circadian types, a morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) was administered. Sleep patterns were examined using an actigraph for 14 days. To assess alertness and fatigue, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test with a SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The researchers found that 17.6% of participants reported morning type, 47.1% neither type, and 35.3% evening type. Mean total sleep time (TST) was 6.8 h, mean sleep efficacy was 82%, level of alertness was 6.54, and level of fatigue was 5.49, regardless of the type of shift work. Evening type nurses had higher variation in TST and alertness, according to the shift patterns than other circadian type nurses. Evening type nurses also had higher fatigue levels than other circadian type nurses. Conclusion: Sleep, alertness, and fatigue were related with circadian types. These results suggest that circadian rhythm management in shift work nurses, particularly in evening type nurses is urgently needed to improve sleep patterns, alertness, and to decrease the level of fatigue.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find out the degree of tiredness, accumulated tendencies of fatigues in accordance with 3 types of circadian rhythms and 3 types of perceived fatigue signs such as physical, psychological and neurosensory aspects in before and after work at night. Samples were chosen from the 217 intensive care units nurses working in 13 general hospitals which had 3 shift rotating systems, Data were collected from November to December in 1999. Two hundreds seventeen respondents were classified by 3 circadian types such as 59 morning, 110 middle and 48 evening. Circadian type was measured by the circadian type scale which was designed by ${\ddot{O}}stberg$ and Home (1976). in order to estimate the level of tiredness, the investigator used the fatigue checklist designed by the Labor and Health Institute of Japan(1970). Analysis was done by frequency a percentages, ${\chi}^2$ test and repeated measures ANOVA test. The result of this study were as follow: 1. In the general characteristics of the subjects circadian types, moderate type had the large proportion at 50.7% and morning type had 27.2% and evening type had 22.1%. 2. According to the 3 types of fatigue signs, the highest general tendency was 'General weakness' and 'Feeling of headsore' for physically perceived sign, 'Drowsiness' for psychological sign, and 'Uncomfortableness in sight seeing' for neurosensory sign. 3. The most frequently complained fatigue were observed in physical symptoms among physical, mental, and neurosensual symptoms. The percentage of complained was higher after night work than before the work started. 4. There was not any statistical significant difference between the circadian type and the degree of physical, mental, neurosensory fatigue. 5. There was not any statistical significant difference in regarding to each date of night shift except difference between 1st and 2nd days of fatigue perceived physically. Therefore, the study concluded that the fatigue perceived by night shift nurses might be related with shift working condition rather than circadian types.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 1994

본 연구는 야간에 아침형과 저녁형사이에 졸리움의 정도, 수행능력, 체온변화의 차이를 객관적으로 검증하고자 하였다. Horne과 $\ddot{O}stberg's$의 아침형-저녁형 설문지(8)의 한국어 번안 설문지에 대 한 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증한 후, 극단적인 아침형과 저녁형 각 8 명을 선발하여 야간에 수면잠복 검사, 다양한 수행검사, 체온 측정을 일정 간격으로 실시하였다. 결과는 전야간에 걸쳐서 아침형군이 저녁형군보다 졸리움이 훨씬 심하였고, 수행검사의 성적도 더 낮았다. 체온은 새벽의 최저점에 이를 때까지 아침형군이 저녁형군보다 더 낮은 상태를 유지하였다. 이러한 결과는 야간에 졸리움, 수행, 체온 사이에 시간적인 관련성이 있음을 가리키며 저녁형이 야간근무에 더 적합할 수 있다는 가정을 지지한다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sleep/wake behavior for shift workers in the iron and steel industry using wrist actigraph for 59 male workers on a continuous full-day three-team three-shift system of backward rotation including on-duty and off-duty periods. The wrist actigraph data were recorded for 15 days (l shift cycle) for each subject. The sleep length at home during night shift decreased significantly as compared to the morning or evening shifts. The night shift nap length increased significantly in all sections as compared to the morning or evening shifts. The nap length in the Steel Manufacturing Process and Rolling Process during night shift decreased significantly as compared to the Machine Maintenance Section, the Forwarding of Products Section, and the Field Management Section. However, the sleep length at home while off-duty period increased significantly. The percentage of nap length during night shift in the Rolling Process, Steel Manufacture Process, and the other three types of jobs was 16.0%, 20.4%, and about 50.0%, respectively. The nap length during night shift for the above 50 year olds increased significantly as compared to the below 50 year olds. Finally, we discussed the role of nap-taking during the burden on night shift workers and the increased difficulty in continuing their job.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.803-807
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• 2017

Purpose . The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress level and sleep type on university students at health series. Method . This research conducts a survey of 250 university students on health series. The research tools were structured questionnaires. The questionnaire about stress was measured using psychological stress questionnaire in life stress and sleep type was measured using the Korean Translation of Composite Scale of Measuring Morningness-Evening. Result . In this study, university students 16.4% of the students were at warning. The morning sleep types were 55.2% in all health series university students but slee type was not in the most of sleep type. There were not correlation between the sleep type and stress level. Conclusion . It is seems to need to management of stress on university students at health series.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2007

This study aims to provide basic data for planning the supply and demand of urban parks and setting up facilities in urban parks that reflect the use patterns of visitors. The study was conducted by surveying the total number of urban park users and the number of users for different time zones and analyzing their use patterns through on-site surveys at 17 urban parks located in seven cities/counties in Gyeonggi province. The result showed that as for distribution of urban park users by time zone, the number of users was highest in the afternoon. Between 7 and 9 o'clock in the morning in weekdays, many users came to urban parks for their morning exercises. There was hardly no difference between male and female. When the number of users of 17 urban parks was surveyed, a park was used by 734 people per day on weekdays in average. When the total number of users per year was estimated, a resident nearby a park visited the place 4.7 times a year in average. In addition, the analysis showed that the number of users of man-made parks was twice as high as that of natural parks. The number of users did not vary depending on the size of a park. As for use patterns by time zone, no difference was found in activity types between parks larger than 100,000 $m^2$ and those less than 100,000 $m^2$. Usually, in the morning, users came for exercises In the afternoon, users visited the parks for more diverse purposes. In the evening, they tended to visit parks to work out and wrap up a day. Going forward, the outcome of this study should be utilized as important data for analyzing the demand and supply of urban parks. In addition, the number of users by time zone and their use patterns should be fully considered when introducing facilities in parks.