• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.53-67
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• 2022

The study's goal is to look at the factors that influence people's willingness to whistleblow in the Malaysian public sector by applying two elements from the Moral Intensity Theory: the magnitude of consequences and societal consensus with professional commitment as an additional variable. The cross-sectional study used primary data collection through questionnaires adopted from previous studies. The survey questionnaires were distributed to target respondents from 27 ministries in Malaysian public sectors selected based on their grade positions in the departments ranging from Grade 29 and above. The findings revealed that societal consensus and professional commitments significantly impact the intention to whistleblow. The findings imply that closed people's opinions may have certain persuasive elements that influence the act of whistleblowing as a moral and ethical activity, thereby increasing their whistleblowing intention. The results also suggest that when individuals are more committed to their career and organization, they will act ethically and under the professional norm, hence, they will be inclined to whistleblow. On the other hand, the magnitude of consequences suggested an insignificant relationship with the intention to whistleblow. The results could facilitate the government in curbing the whistleblowing issue by defining its root before the implementation of necessary policies.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.655-668
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• 2011

Although consumer ethical behavior related with illegal copies of digital software has been considered to be an important issue, not many studies have attempted to examine the issue. Firstly, this study attemped to explain the moral judgment and intention to make illegal copies of smart phone applications for college students. Secondly, psychological factors such as moral intensity and perceived risk related to making illegal copies were tested to be significantly different in individual characteristics such as experience of ethical education and past experience of making illegal copies of software, sex, age and household income. Thirdly, the effect of related factors such as psychological factors and individual characteristics was estimated to significantly influence moral judgment and intention to make illegal copies. Two step method(using LIMDEP program) was applied to estimate the model as a structural equation model. According to the results of this study, magnitude of consequences, financial risk and performance risk were found to be significantly different in income groups(less than middle class vs more than middle class). Prosecution risk was found to be significantly different in gender groups(female vs male). In addition, social consensus, financial risk, performance risk and prosecution risk were found to be significantly different in ethical education groups(experience vs no experience). Furthermore, moral judgment for making illegal copies of smart phone applications was found to be significantly influenced by income, ethical education, magnitude of consequences, temporal immediacy and social consensus. And intention to make illegal copies of smart phone applications was found to be significantly influenced by moral judgment, age, financial risk, performance risk and prosecution risk.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.351-369
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• 2016

Individual lifestyle and eating habits have changed rapidly due to the evolution of society. Especially, climate change caused by industrialization has influenced society, with the result that today's consumers perceive sustainability to be an important value. The purposes of this study were to segment consumers on the basis of their food-related lifestyle and to explore climate-friendly food consumption behavior by considering factors such as moral intensity, propensity for disgust with meat as well as consumer characteristics. The results of this study were as follows: first, consumers were segmented into three groups(high involvement, low involvement, convenience oriented). Consumers in the high involvement group presented a higher level of moral intensity and climate-friendly food consumption behavior than the other groups. Furthermore, factors influencing the selection of climate-friendly food were found to differ according to the type of consumer. Consumers in the high involvement group were found to be significantly influenced by age, concentration of effect, the morality of eating meat and meat texture, while consumers in the low involvement were found to be significantly influenced by social consensus and the morality of eating meat. Finally, consumers in the convenience oriented group for food life were found to be significantly influenced by age, harm perception, and the morality of eating meat.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine developmental trends in children's understanding of the effect of emotion on moral transgressions. The subjects were 120 children, 15 boys and 15 girls each at 4, 6, 8, and 10 years of age. The subjects listened to the moral transgression stories which were revised by this investigator based on Arsenio and Kramer's(1992) study. They reported their emotional attribution, justification, and emotional intensity about the story children engaged in moral transgression. The data of the present study were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ and 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures. The results showed that (1) most of the children expected victimizers to feel happy. While happy responses decreased with age, fear responses increased with age. Most of the four-year-olds expected victims to feel sad, but 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds expected anger. (2) Most children justified victimizers' emotions in terms of the outcome produced by victimization. This outcome-focused justification decreased with age, but morality-focused justification increased with age. In contrast, most children justified victims' emotion in terms of the victimization. This victimization-focused justification decreased with age, but morality-focused justification increased with age. (3) Most children viewed physical harm more negatively than theft on the part of victims.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2009

This study was performed to examine the emotion expectations and explanations of four participants(an actor, a recipient, a child observer, and an adult observer) in moral, social-conventional, and personal rule transgression situations. Six vignettes describing the rule transgressions were presented to 200 children who were either five or seven years old. The children were asked to predict and explain each participant's emotions. The children's emotion expectations were different depending on the domain of the rule transgressions and on the type of the participant. The actors were predicted to feel happy during all transgressions, while the recipients and two observers(a child and an adult) were predicted to feel unhappy. The seven-year-old children attributed more happiness to the actors, and more negative affect to the recipients compared to the five-year-olds. This result was inconsistent with the previous findings that older children attributed more happiness to actors. This finding was discussed in relation to the 'happy victimizer'. Some categories of emotion explanations were differentiated according to the domain of rule transgressions. The personal rule transgressions, newly defined and examined in this study, were judged to be less serious than the moral rule transgressions in terms of the intensity of the negative affect.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

In this study, to increase the mixing between flue gas and reducing agent, new shapes of $NH_3$ ejection nozzles are designed and experimentally and numerically tested. The nozzles have six holes perpendicular to the ambient flue gas flow and the tilting angle between direction of ambient flow and the hole axis is varied. To evaluate the mixing efficiency of the proposed nozzles, numerical and experimental tests are applied to several flow conditions comparing with single hole nozzle, which is commonly used in conventional SCR process. From the results the nozzle with tilted multi-holes has the large region of high turbulent intensity compared with conventional single hole nozzle. This is originated from the high vorticity near the upstream of the jet flow issuing from the hole. The high turbulent intensity and vorticity magnitude lead to enhanced mixing between flue gas and reducing agent. Hence, the most suitable moral ratio between NOx and reducing agent for the catalytic reaction can be obtained on behalf of the intensified scalar mixing within shorter physical mixing length.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.352-354
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• 2001

컴퓨터 기술과 정보통신 기술의 발달로 인터넷 사용이 손쉬워 짐에 따라 청소년들에게 무제한으로 유해 사이트가 공개되어 많은 사회적인 문제가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 사용자에게 음란 정보를 담고 있는 웹사이트 접근을 차단하는 방법에 관한 것으로 칼라 영상에서 인체를 검출하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 효율적인 인체 검출을 위해 인체의 특징의 하나인 피부색을 HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity)의 공간에서 조명의 강도 및 각도 차에 영향이 적은 H값과 피부색을 이루는 RGB(Red, Green, Blue)공간에서 R값의 비를 이용하여 추출하고, 미디언 필터를 사용하여 1차적으로 잡음 제거를 하고, 라벨링을 통하여 임계값보다 작은 라벨을 제거함으로써 2차적인 잡음을 제거한다. 다양한 자세의 전신을 템플릿으로 DB화하고, 유형을 2차적인 잡음을 제거한 영상의 크기와 동일하게 확대 한 다음, 템플릿 매칭으로 유사성을 비교하여 인체를 검출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 실험 결과, 피부색을 검출하는 제안 방법이 명암 차를 극복하였고, 다양한 피부색 검출에 양호한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 다양한 템플릿을 만들어, 1차 잡음제거와 라벨링으로 2차 잡음제거를 한 입력 영상과의 템플릿 매칭으로 다양한 자세의 인체를 검출할 수 있었다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.353-363
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate pediatric nurses' perceptions regarding in end-of-life care and turnover intention. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed among 111 hospital nurses. Pediatric nurses' perceptions of obstacles and supportive behaviors were measured using the Pediatric Nurses' Perceptions of End of Life Care Questionnaire which was translated into Korean and turnover intention was measured using the Korean Nurse Turnover Intention Scale (K-NTIS). Results: The supportive behavior with the highest perceived magnitude was 'Physicians who are compassionate, but very clear about prognosis.' The obstacle with the highest perceived magnitude was 'Instigating painful treatments when there is no hope of recovery.' Pediatric nurses' perceptions of obstacles in end-of-life care showed statistically significant differences depending on whether nurses received end-of-life care education (t=2.02, p=.046). The perception of obstacles in end-of-life care was positively correlated with turnover intention (intensity r=.28, p=.002) (frequency r=.20, p=.027). Conclusion: These results suggest that pediatric nurses' perception of obstacles and supportive behaviors in end-of-life care need to be assessed when considering turnover intention. Furthermore, psychological counseling should be offered to nurses to prevent burnout and reduce moral distress which is correlated with the turnover rate.