• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.188-207
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to examine the extent of deontological (values) and teleological evaluation (considering consequences) used in arriving at an ethical judgment concerning intention to purchase a fashion counterfeit. In addition, the effect of psychographic (attitudes toward counterfeiting, risk taking, self-image, value consciousness, public self-consciousness, and materialism) and product attributes (perceived fashion content, physical appearance, and image) on intention to purchase a counterfeit product were investigated. Two alternatives and possible consequences as well as the scenario were given to the participants. The first alternative is persuading a friend not to buy a counterfeit and the second alternative is purchasing a counterfeit product with a friend. Participants (n = 245) were undergraduate volunteers enrolled in courses at a Midwestern university. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factory analysis and structural equation modeling. The proposed structural models fit the data adequately in both alternatives, and all paths were significant. Participants followed the decision making steps outlined by Hunt and Vitell (1986) in both alternatives. Personal characteristics exerted no influence on behavioral intentions concerning counterfeits. Two product-related characteristics (i.e., physical appearance of a counterfeit and projected image of a counterfeit) had direct effects on the behavioral intentions. The conclusions of this research are helpful in improving our understanding of variables that influence consumers' purchasing counterfeit luxury products.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2020

Purpose : This integrative review aimed to synthesize studies on intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' attitude, perceptions, and experiences toward end-of-life care decision-making. Methods : Using Whittermore and Knafl (2005)'s methods, we identified and synthesized research articles published in domestic journals between the years 2003 and 2019 and evaluated the quality of selected articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results : In the 13 studies reviewed, 12 were published prior to enactment of the "The Act for Hospice and Palliative Care and Decision-Making about Life-Sustaining Treatment (2018)." All nine quantitative studies identified were based on cross-sectional descriptive survey. In four qualitative studies, content analysis (n=2) and phenomenology (n=2) were used. Overall, ICU nurses were well-aware of the necessity of communicating and limiting life-sustaining treatments. Many ICU nurses had positive attitude towards limiting life-sustaining treatments to promote patients' comfort and dignity. Although nurses were willing to take active roles, they also reported having experienced high stress in the process of decision-making and implementation. Conclusions : It is important to prepare ICU nurses with proper knowledge and attitude regarding the topic area. It is also equally important to develop systems to support nurses' emotional stress and moral distress during communication, decision-making, and implementation.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제43호
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• pp.107-139
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• 2014

이 논문은 인간의 본성에 대하여 형이상학적 설명을 한 주자의 관점을 비판하였던 다산이 어떻게 인간을 이해했는가, 그리고 인간의 윤리실천에 대하여 어떤 주장을 하였는가를 밝히고자 한다. 다산에 따르면, 신체와 정신의 결합체인 인간은 신체적 성향과 도덕적 성향을 타고난다. 특히 선을 좋아하고 악을 싫어하는 성향은 인간 존재의 본질이다. 이것은 상제로서의 하늘이 인간에게만 부여해 준 것이다. 또한 인간은 자율적 판단능력과 주체적 실천의지인 자주지권(自主之權)을 갖추고 있다. 향선(向善)의 경향성이 있지만 자율적이고 주체적인 인간의 행실은 선하기도 하고 악하기도 하다. 이에 상제(上帝)는 인간의 동기와 행위의 선악 여부를 언제 어느 때고 감찰한다. 상제의 목소리는 인간의 도심(道心)을 통해 울려나온다. 이것이 윤리실천의 외적 동인(動因)이요, 내적 동인이다. 인간의 제반 실천윤리는 사람과 사람 사이의 관계 속에서 이루어진다. 이것을 표상한 개념어가 바로 인(仁)이다. 즉 인간은 부모와 자식 형과 동생 임금과 신하 남편과 아내 친구 등의 관계에서 자신의 위상에 합당한 도리의 실천을 통하여 인(仁)의 덕을 쌓아간다. 인(仁)의 덕(德)을 이루는 데는 효(孝) 제(弟) 자(慈)가 기본이다. 이 천륜에 관한 윤리에는 유가윤리의 쌍무적 정신에 대한 존중이 담겨 있다. 효(孝)를 바탕으로 임금을 섬기고, 제(弟)를 바탕으로 어른을 섬기며, 자(慈)를 바탕으로 백성을 부려야 하는 것이다. 이 효(孝) 제(弟) 자(慈)를 토대로 한 윤리실천의 방법이 바로 '서(恕)'다. 서(恕)는 나의 마음을 미루어 타인의 마음을 헤아리는 추서(推恕)로서 신체적 성향에 관한 것과 도덕적 성향에 관한 것을 두루 포괄한다. 전자의 경우, 자기 욕구의 절제나 양보가 필요하다. 후자의 경우는 공동체 사회내의 당위의 구현을 목표로 삼는다. 결론적으로 다산의 윤리학은 도덕적 성향과 자주지권을 갖고 타고난 인간은 상제의 뜻이 투영된 도심(道心), 즉 도덕적 양심에 귀 기울여 효(孝) 제(弟) 자(慈)의 윤리를 서(恕)의 방법에 따라 실천해 나감으로써 인(仁)의 덕(德)을 쌓는 것을 목표로 삼고 있다. 이것이 인간의 도리를 다하는 것이요, 또한 상제인 하늘을 섬기는 길인 것이다. 이에 다산은 수사지학(洙泗之學), 즉 공맹철학의 핵심사상은 바로 여기에 있다고 보았다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

This study investigates how college students who are fertility women have a right to decide their own heritage. The participants of this study were 20-25 years old who were studying maternal nursing at a university in C province.Participants were 15 in total and conducted in-depth interviews three times until the meaning was no longer present.The data collection period was from November 15, 2017 to December 10.Interview data were processed using the phenomenological Giorgi method. As a result, 128 semantic units were derived, again divided into 9 sub-components, and then divided into 2 categories as final components. In conclusion, Participants agreed overall that abortion should not be increased. Participants agreed overall that abortion should not be increased. There are 5 sub-components in agree of abortion: 'ethical dilemmas', 'assuring women's autonomy', 'being a prepared parent', 'not wanting future misery', and 'women's health rights'. There are 4 sub-components to abortion: The preciousness of life', 'hasty decision', 'murder', 'moral responsibility'. If a sub-component is categorized into a phenomenological context, it can be concluded that there is "importance to life" and "difficulty of decision".

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.90-108
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• 1995

In the recent years, there has been a remarkable growth in the popularity of health education and health promotion. Health educators are increasingly confronting serious ethical quandars. Health educators need to be fully prepared to meet the challenges presented by these situations. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. It explores some fundamental concepts concerning ethics, morals, and values. 2. It identifies several critical ethical issues confronting the field of health education with which individual health educators must wrestle during the course of their careers. 3. It examines the process of applying ethical principles to guide rational resolution of complex value-laden issues and moral dilemmas. 4. Collectively, these provide health educators with a basic understanding of ethics and how ethics may be used to facilitate sound decision making. This study challenges health educators to consider the ethical issues and implications associated with certain practices or advances in the field of education.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1998

A major purpose of this article is to provide ethical aspects in public health. This is not intended to establish theoretical and philosopical argument for issues of health care ethics, but intended to describe the necessity of ethics education in public health. The increase in medical science to sustain life and the failure to provide corresponding ethical guideline in public health have created new ethical problems. All members in public health trainning programs should not only have an interest in health care ethics, but also have an ability to reach decisions in ethical problems related to community. The goal of ethics education in public health is not to improve the moral character of health care providers but rather to provide them with the conceptual abilities and decision-making skills they will need to deal successfully with ethical issues in public health research and practice. Obviously. the ultimate goal is to increase awareness of human values in health care.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1999

This paper is to clarify the concepts of "sound home" and "healthy family" Even though "sound home" and "healthy family have different meanings and definitions. many researchers are using them in a mixed ways. Therefore through this paper I tried to make distinction of the meanings of the above concepts as below: 1. Sound Home : Basic and fundamental social units and environment which have strong and healthy family members and performs well not only family function but also have attitudes and willingness to perform family function and maintain their family value and ethics. 2. Healthy Family : Social units which have strong and healthy family members and develop individual personal development -their physical emotional social moral development and self-esteem self-achievemet -and have good interaction enhancement skills- communication decision making stress managing strategies- and also maintain family systems. Whereas "sound home" is more broad concept related to Home Econom cs "healthy family" is more related family relations and interaction.quot; is more related family relations and interaction.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to critique the links between science and scientific researchers, politics and capital surrounding vaccines and vaccination in a pandemic era. It also introduces standards for adapting ethical guidelines for research under public health emergencies to specific circumstances and contexts. It also introduces ethical standards to be applied to scientific research. that is, scientific relevance, social value, cooperative partnerships, reasonable risk-benefit costs, fair and voluntary participation, independent review, and equal moral respect for participants and affected communities. It also outlines the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic-consent and other research procedure modifications proposed by Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU). We are on the lookout for powerful capital and hegemonic groups inseparable from politics and important decision makers in the pandemic era - that is, scientists, supporters, and scientific civic groups. It underscores the need for an independent and formal scientific advisory body with the right balance between science and politics.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

In this paper, we develop theoretical game models to determine the level of government subsidies for banks to provide policy loans to Innovative SMEs(small and medium sized enterprises) through banks, which otherwise would not finance them for the sake of their own profitability. For this, we compare net cash flows of each bank using different strategies against high risk innovative SMEs. A bank can decide whether to provide them loans or not In each period. Following Kim(2003)'s Infinite horizon model on the soft budget constraint, we introduce a situation in which banks compete against each other for higher net long-term payoffs from their loans to innovative SMEs and non-innovative SMEs. From the models, we show that competition among banks in general leads to a tighter decision against innovative SMEs, as a Nash equilibrium. It is not because the government bank is simply loose in providing loans, but because competition among commercial banks for fewer riskier borrowers results in tighter loan decisions against innovative SMEs. Thus, the competitive market for policy loans to innovative SMEs fails to reach the socially optimal level of loans for innovative SMMs. Commercial banks in the competitive market may require additional supports from the government to make up for the differences in their payoffs to support innovative SMEs, possibly much riskier due to moral hazards and poor discounted cash flows. The monopolistic government bank might also request such supports from the government to fund otherwise unqualified SMEs. We calculate an optimal level of governmental support for banks to guarantee funding such high-risk innovative SMEs over periods without deviating from their optimal Nash equilibrium policies.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1434-1442
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• 2004

Purpose. Professional nursing ethics is a living, dynamic set of standards for nurses' professional moral behavior. Furthermore, in daily clinical nursing training, nursing students are constantly confronted with decision-making that is moral in nature. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived ethical attitudes in the clinical training process of senior nursing students using Q-methodology to offer basic strategies for nursing ethics education and thereby improve patients' care. Methods. Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty-seven participants in a university rated 38 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1-9. The collected data were analyzed using pc-QUNAL software. Results. Principal component analysis identified 3 types of ethical attitudes in nursing students in Korea. The categories were labeled Sacred-life, Science-realistic and Humane-life. Sacred-life individuals think that a life belongs to an absolute power (God), not a man, and a human life is a high and noble thing. Science-realistic individuals disagreed that allowing an induced abortion or embryo (human) duplication is unethical behavior that provokes a trend, which takes the value of a life lightly; most of them took a utilitarian position with respect to ethical decisions. Humane-life individuals exhibit a tendency toward human-centered thought with respect to ethical attitudes. Conclusion. This study will be of interest to educators of students of nursing and hospital nursing administrators. Also, the findings may provide the basis for the development of more appropriate strategies to improve nursing ethics education programs.