• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

lt is well known that some kinds of leaves contain a lot of antioxidants in them; however, little attention has been given to the study on the amount of antioxidants in them and the changes in the amount of antioxidants in them during their growth. Therefore, we examined the antioxidants in the leaves of persimon, moraceae, and trifoliage orange during their growth. The amount of total polyphenol tended to decrease during plants' growth, and each amount was 4.62 g/dried 100 g persimon leaf, 1.70 gloried 100 g moraceae leaf, and 0.91 g/dried 100 g trifoliage orange leaf in April. The amount of total polyphenol in persimon leaf was 2.7∼5.1 times higher than moraceae and trifoliage orange leaf. The amount of ascorbic acid also decreased during plants' growth, and each amount was 2.7∼6.0 mg/dried 100 g moraceae leaf, 5.3∼9.9 mg/dried 100 g persimon leaf, and 3.7∼6.9 mg/dried 100 g trifoliage orange leaf. Persimon leaf was found to contain higher amount of ascorbic acid than moraceae leaf or trifoliage orange leaf. The amount of glutathione tended to decrease during plants' growth, and each average amount was 35.7 mg/dried 100 g trifoliage orange leaf, 15.8 mg/dried 100 g moraceae leaf, and 2.3 mg/dried 100 g persimon leaf. Trifoliage orange leaf contained the highest amount of glutathione. $\beta$ -Carotene tended to increase during the growth, and each amount was 411.2 mg/dried 100 g moraceae leaf, 198.5 mg/dried 100 g persimon leaf, 144.1 mg/dried 100 g trifoliage orange leaf in September. $\alpha$ -Tocopherol also tended to increase during the growth, and each amount was 52.8 mg/dried 100 g trifoliage orange leaf, 48.6 mg/dried 100 g moraceae leaf, and 61.7 mg/dried 100 g persimon leaf in September.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2005

Fig(Ficus carica L.) which belongs to Moraceae family has been used as digestion promoter, cure for ulcerative inflammation and eruption in Korea. Figs have very short preservation period and can be kept only 1 week even in the refrigeration system. The possibility of wine-making from Korean figs was tested by analyzing the fermentation characteristics, proximate analysis and free sugar contents of wine made of slices with 20% sugar addition. Ethanol fermentation of the figs by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was done rapidly. The ethanol contents, pH, total acidity and sugar content were 12.1%, 3.91, 0.42% and 9.9 °Brix, respectively. The results from the sensory evaluation were as follows. The wine made from the sliced figs were better than that from fig juices in their sensory scores. The wine made with frozen figs was not different from that made with fresh ones. To improve the quality of wine, the addition of dried leaf powder in the concentration of 100 ppm were tried and found it was superior to the one made without leaf.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 2016

Background: Immunoregulatory elements have emerged as useful immunotherapeutic agents against cancer. In traditional medicine, Mori folium, the leaf of Morus alba L. (Moraceae), has been used for various medicinal purposes; however, the immunomodulatory effects have not been fully identified. We evaluated the immunoenhancing potential of water extract of Mori folium (WEMF) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods: RAW264.7 cells were treated with WEMF for 24 hours and cell viability was detected by an MTT method. Nitric oxide (NO) levels in the culture supernatants were assayed using Griess reagent. The productions of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and immune-related cytokines was measured using ELISA detection kits. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Inducible NO synthase, COX-2, and cytokines were assayed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of WEMF on phagocytic activity was measured using a Phagocytosis Assay Kit. Results: WEMF significantly stimulated the production of NO and $PGE_2$ as immune response parameters at noncytotoxic concentrations, which was associated with the increased expression of inducible NO synthase and COX-2. The release and expression of cytokines, such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10, were also significantly increased in response to treatment with WEMF. Moreover, WEMF promoted the macrophagic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells and the resulting phagocytosis activity. Conclusions: WEMF has the potential to modulate the immune function by regulating immunological parameters. Further studies are needed to identify the active compounds and to support the use of WEMF as an immune stimulant.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.71-82
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• 1990

In order to collect the plant genetic resources in Korea, the medicinal plants were surveyed from 1987 to 1989 in Kyungbuk province and at the several areas in Kyuognam and Choongbuk province. The medicinal plants of 456 species in 118 families were investigated in these regions. Among them, 249 species were belonged to 19 families, Compositae, Liliaceae, Leguminosae, Poiygonaceae, Labiatae, Rosaceae, Umbelliferae, Gramineae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ranunculaceae, Cruciferae, Rutaceae, Araliaceae, Araceae, Moraceae, Scrophulariaceae, Caryopyhllaceae, and Convolvulaceae, and others were belonged to 99 families. They have been used mostly for urination, gastroenteric disoder, robustness, antiphlogistic, anodyne, cough medicine, fever remedy, hemostatic, and 9 species of them have been used for anticancer medicine. The medicinal plant resources which were planted in the fields, gardens, parks, roadsides, and glass house, were 93 species for ornamental, 50 for medicine, 27 for vegetable, 14 for food, 5 for vegetable fruit, 13 for fruit, 5 for oil, 6 for tea, 9 for shade, and 14 for other purposes. Most of investigated plants were perennial, and flowered from June to August. The root parts were most frequently used as medicine, and other parts were used in the order of leaf and stem, whole plants, flower, seed, and fruit. Among the 456 species, 191 species in 87 families were investigated to be important medicinal plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.431-437
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• 2017

Mulberry (Morus sp.) of the family Moraceae is very economically important in Asian countries including Korea, because its leaf and fruit have been commercially used in sericulture and horticultural industries. Therefore it is necessary to develop the optimal production system for rapid and cost-effective propagation of mulberry. Our studies focused on establishing an acclimatization method for the successful plantlet production of new cultivar 'Cheongsu' which was transferred ex vitro after in vitro culture. In particular, effect of abscisic acid (ABA) addition into the last subculture medium on plantlet response to subsequent ex vitro transfer and its growth was investigated. During acclimatization, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of ABA-pretreated plantlets were significantly lower than those of non-treated plantlets. Net photosynthetic rate of ABA-pretreated plantlets decreased after ex vitro transfer but increased after 14 days, and it was mostly higher than that of non-treated plantlets. Moreover, relative water content as well as chlorophyll contents and its ratio were also higher in ABA-pretreated plantlets. On the other hand, proline was considerably higher than in control plantlets. After 1 month of ex vitro transfer, survival rate of ABA-pretreated plantlets was 85.6%, which increased by 29.1% in comparison with control (56.5%). More vigorous growth was also observed in ABA-pretreated plantlets. From these results, it was found that application of ABA to the last subculture medium could improve acclimatization and promote survival of mulberry plantlets after ex vitro transfer, inducing water stress tolerance and alleviating abiotic stresses.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2019

꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata)는 뽕나무과(Moraceae)에 속하는 낙엽활엽 소교목이다. 우리나라와 중국, 일본과 같은 동아시아에 주로 분포하며 척박한 땅에서도 잘자라고 병충해에 강하다고 알려져 있다. 예로부터 꾸지뽕나무는 항암, 간보호, 눈을 밝게하는 작용이 있다고 동의보감과 신농본초경에 기록되어 있다. 우리나라는 오랫동안 된장 등 발효식품을 자주 접하고 섭취하여 왔다는 점을 고려하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 발효균을 접종하면 항암활성, 면역체계 개선 등 다양한 생리활성 물질이 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 가시가 없고 잎이 커 작업성이 용이한 대품 품종을 2018년 9월에 전남 신안군에서 채취하여 분석 시료로 사용하였다. 항산화활성 측정은 프리라디칼(DPPH, ABTS) 소거능을 측정하여 농도(EC50)별 측정결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ ext. 이하로 항산화 활성이 열매보다 잎이 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 황국균(Aspergillus oryae)을 꾸지뽕나무 잎과 열매에 접종시켜 페놀성화합물을 스크리닝 한 결과 기존에 발견되지 않은 Salicylic acid, Naringenin, Vanilic acid, Oxyresveratrol 등 기능성 물질이 발견되었고, 잎의 경우 36시간 발효물(355mg/g)은 무처리군(179mg/g)에 비해 2배정도 상승하였다. 열매의 경우 48시간 발효시켰을 경우(472mg/g)으로 무처리군(156mg/g)보다 3배정도 상승하였다. 발효를 통해 꾸지뽕나무 잎과 열매의 최적의 추출조건을 확립하고 생리활성 물질 분석을 이용한 효능탐색 등을 진행하였다. 향후 꾸지뽕나무를 활용한 식품 소재개발 등 사업화에 기초적인 자료를 제공하여 임업인의 새로운 소득품목 육성에 기어코자 한다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.204-212
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• 2023

Whitening is inhibitory activity of the melanin synthesis of melanocytes. Recently, whitening materials have been developed on natural materials because of its side effects on skin. Figs (Ficus Carica L.) is a fruit belonging to the Moraceae family and whitening activity was reported in focusing on the fig's stem and leaf components, but whitening activity of the figs fruit was not known. Thus, in this study, we tried to observe its anti-melanogenesis as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammation. The radical scavenging activity of figs fruits extract (FFE) was observed as the level of 34.52±1.98%/60.71±1.26% compared to the control in the its maximum concentration in the DPPH/ABTS assay. Cytotoxicity of FFE was observed at 10% concentration by CCK8 assay, so the maximum concentration was set at 5% and applied to all experiments. FFE concentration dependently decreased NO production associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression, these strongly suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. In melanin contents assay, FFE significantly down-regulated melanin production in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cell as well as tyrosinase inhibition in vitro. In addition, FFE decreased the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expression about 94.34% compared to the α-MSH treatment group in RT-PCR. Finally, FFE significantly reduced the MITF, cAMP response element-binding protein and tyrosinase protein expression in the α-MSH stimulated B16F10 cell. Through these results, we found that FFE can not only directly inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity but also suppress melanogenesis through regulation of MITF gene expression in α-MSH signal transduction.