• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of expenditure on private education and stress caused by private education on the parental efficacy of mothers of junior and senior high school students. The subjects were 300 mothers of students who were enrolled in the junior and senior high school in Seoul and its suburbs. The results were as follows: First, the level of stress from private education was found to be higher than the degree of parental efficacy. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by using expenditure on private education and stress caused by private education as independent variables and the socio-demographic characteristics of mothers as control variables in order to identify their effect on the parental efficacy of mothers of junior and senior high school students. The results show that stress from private education and monthly income were significantly related to parental efficacy. That is, the lower the level of stress from private education and the higher the monthly income, the higher was the degree of parental efficacy. These findings suggest that expenditure on private education seems to be determined by the household income level; thus, income may affect psychological stress and parental efficacy of mothers with respect to the process of providing private education.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1989

The purposes of this study were to identify the overall levels of consumer problem, consumer competencies and purchase pattern of urban low-income consumers and to examine the factors affecting the consumer problem and the subareas-market environment problem(MEP) and transaction relation problem(TRP). The related factors, that is, independent variables were competencies-related factors(consumption-oriented attitude, attitude on consumerism, consumer knowledge), purchase pattern-related factors (search pattern, credit pattern, peddler pattern) and socio-demorgraphic factors(age, educational level, family size). For this purpose, a survey was conducted by interview using questionaires on 198 homemakers that lived in the poor areas of Seoul. Statistics used for data analysis were Frequency Distribution, Percentile, Mean, Pearson's Correlation, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe-test, Breakdown and Multiple Classification Analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1) In the level of consum r problem were in the middle level and the level of MEP were higher than that of TRP. The attitude on consumption-orientation was so negative, while attitude on consumerism was positive. The level of consumer knowledge was in the middle level. The urban low-income consumers searched a little and depended on credit and peddler in the low level. 2) Consumer problem perceived by urban low-income consumers differed significantly according to attitude on consumerism, credit pattern, monthly charge of peddler purchase. The MEP depended on attitude on consumerism and monthly charge of peddler purchase, and the TRP was affected by credit pattern and attitude on consumerism. Resulting from MCA, the most influencial variable was attitude on consumerism and credit pattern in the consumer problem, and attitude on consumerism in the MEP, and credit pattenr in the TRP.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine how much the cost of marriage ceremony has increased according to the economic growth. The relationship between marriage expenditures and other comparison variables such as per capital GNP, monthly income, consumer price index was particularly examined. All the money values were adjusted by consumer price index. Data from the Central Committee for Promotion of Saving were used in this study. The results of this study follow. First, nominal and actual total outlay of marriage ceremony has continuously increased. Total marriage ceremony cost was positively correlated with the housing price so that bridegroom’s outlay were greater than that of bride’s one since bridegroom was more likely to have the responsibility for the price of new couple’s house. Second, it was found that increased percentage rate of marriage ceremony cost was greater than that of national economic growth. The total marriage expenditure was about 10 times as much per capital income in 1990. Third, it was revealed that housing cost increased three times from 1990 to 1995, and marriage ceremony expense was accordingly increased twice during the same periods. Such trends tend to increase continuously. Last, the marriage cost percentage to monthly income called marriage expenditure share increased by 1990 and then decreased. Such a decreasing trend can be explained by the increased amount of income partly due to the higher wage rate compared to other conditions since 1990.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The purposes of the study were to investigate the effects of the debt burden which was measured objectively, the types of debts and socio-economic characteristics on the subjective debt burden of households. The questionaires for 457 households who hold some debts were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range teat. The major finding are summarized as follows: (1) the objective debt burdens which were measured by three variables, that is monthly debt repayment, the ratio of debt repayment to household income and total debt amount, affected the subjective debt burden. The households in which the monthly debt repayment was over 200 thousand won, the debt repayment was over 20% of the household income and the total debt amount was over 15 minion won felt higher debt burden. (2) the types of debts, which were classified into four groups such as debts from financial institutes, debts from private sources, credit card debts and debt from retailers, influenced differently the subjective debt burden. Holding debts from financial institutes and debts from private sources increased the subjective debt burden whereas holding credit card debts and debt from retailers did not. (3) the level of subjective debt burden were different according to household income, change in income due to IMF crisis, financial assets, home ownership, residence, householder’s age, job and educational levee. Based on the results, criterion for household’s debt management were suggested.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2008

Purpose: To determine the degree of cardiovascular disease risk according to socioeconomic factors among midlife women in the community and thereby provide baseline data for the development of health promotion programs. Method: A total of 200 women participated in health screenings and a health survey. The survey was performed in November and December, 2006. The survey instruments included socioeconomic factors, health behavior (smoking and exercise), and family history. Biophysical measurement included BMI and blood pressure. Blood samples were drawn for glucose and total cholesterol tests. Results: The mean age was 52.5 years, 34.0% had received education less than 6 years, 70.0% earned a monthly income of less than \1,500,000, and 61.5% were homemakers. Cardiovascular disease risk was significantly different by age (BMI, systolic BP, and exercise), education (systolic BP), monthly income (T. cholesterol), marital status (smoking), and occupation (exercise). Most women had 2 or 3 cardiovascular disease risks. Older age, lower education, and lower income were significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Conclusion: Efforts should be made to decrease the number and severity of cardiovascular disease risk factors for midlife women in the community by developing health promotion programs targeting to modify their cardiovascular disease risk factors.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.121-138
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to identify the factors related to the changes of family total income total expenditures housing maintenance costs food expenditures and clothing expenditure, The data used for these purposes was collected from housewives living in jeonbuk area by questionaire in May 1998. Sample size of this data was 341 households. Statistics performed for the analysis were frequencies percentage means and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows; First monthly income decreased by 370,000 won than last year. The variables contributing to decreasing income were job type of household head and educational attainment of housewives the amount of total family current income total household expenditure and the perception of economic status. Second monthly expenditure decreased by 24,000 won than last year. The variables related to decreasing expenditure were educational attainment of housewives and the perception of economic stats. Third the variables related to their total household change were job type of household head number of family current household expenditure and the perception of economic status. finally the variables associated with total satisfaciotn of family life were the amount of leisure time the perception of economic attainment the confirmity of family and the amount of current household expenditure.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-132
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• 2009

돈이 많이 있으면 더욱 행복한가? 돈만으로 행복할 수 없다면 무엇이 중요한가? 행복은 어디서 시작되는가? 한국 성인의 삶에서 어떠한 행복의 조건들이 작용하는가? 어떻게 하면 마음의 행복을 더 잘 설명할 수 있는가? 라는 질문으로부터 이 연구는 출발하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 한국 사람들의 행복이 심리적, 관계적, 경제적 자원에 의해 영향 받는 정도를 분석하는데 주된 목적이 있다. 사회경제적지위에 차이가 있는 서울시내 세 지역 주민들을 가정방문하여 성인과 노인들을 표집하였으며, 최종분석대상은 20대에서 80대까지 총 313명(남 133, 여 180)이었다. 측정도구로는 연구자에 의해 제작된 배경정보와 정서적 지원 및 행복 척도와, Bandura(1995)에 의해 제작된 어려움극복 효능감 척도가 사용되었다. 행복에 영향을 미치는 변인들로 구성된 두 개의 연구모형을 경로분석과 효과분석으로 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 월평균 수입이 행복에 의미 있는 영향을 미치지만, 월평균 수입 변인이 제외되어도 행복모형의 적합도에 변화가 없었다. 따라서 돈이 있을수록 더 행복하지만, 돈이 없어도 마찬가지로 행복할 수 있음으로써, 경제적 자원이 행복에 미치는 영향은 제한적인 것으로 확인되었다. 월평균 수입이 행복에는 영향을 미쳤으나, 자기효능감에는 영향을 미치지 못함으로써, 돈이 많다고 효능감이 높은 것은 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 행복 증진의 핵심적인 활력제로서 관계적 자원이 가장 중요하였다. 즉 주위 사람들로부터의 따스한 정서적 지원이 개인의 행복에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸는데, 정서적 지원은 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 4~5배 정도 되었다. 셋째, 심리적 자원인 자기효능감도 행복에 의미 있는 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 어려움을 극복할 수 있는 효능감이 높을수록 더욱 행복하였는데, 자기효능감은 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 2배 정도 되었다. 또한 자기효능감은 정서적 지원과 행복 사이에서 매개변인의 역할을 하였다. 넷째, 직업에서 성취감을 느낄수록 더욱 행복하였다. 직업성취는 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 2배 정도 되었다. 다섯째, 자녀가 성공했다고 지각할수록 더욱 행복하였다. 자녀성공은 월평균 수입보다 행복에 대한 효과가 1.5배 정도 되었다. 여섯째, 학력은 행복에 대해 직접적인 영향은 없었으나, 자기효능감과 직업성취를 통해 간접효과가 약하게 있었다. 일곱째, 연령은 자기효능감이나 행복에 대해 의미 있는 영향이 없음으로써, 나이는 자기효능감이나 행복과 무관한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.183-196
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the discretionary consumption expenditure of Korean urban housewives and the factors contributing to the discretionary consumption expenditure. 535 housewives living in Seoul and Gyungki district were selected and frequencies percentile means standard deviation and multiple-regression analysis were utilized. The results of this study were as follows: First the monthly discretionary consumption expenditure of Korean urban housewives was 592,500won. Particularly the level of clothing expenditure for urban housewives of 135,700won was found to be the highest expenditure among other discretionary expenditures while the level of transportation expenditure of 68,100won was found to be the lowest expenditure. Second educational attainment employment status conspicuous tendency of consumption and contribution to household economic of urban housewives husband's job the number of children monthly income debt ownership and home ownership were ignificant variables on each category of discretionary consumption expenditure while age future economic expectation egion and total asset were not significant variables. Third employment status conspicuous tendency of consumption husband's job the number of children monthly income and debt ownership were related to discretionary consumption expenditure of Korean urban housewives.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.59-73
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to establish the family economy planning in the side of economic welfare and to discuss its problems. Hypothesis testing and survey analysis whether nuclear family have been formed in the urban communities or not are investigated. Also, survey of family economic period are classified in the following manner. First, as the beginning of family, they are interested in savings, children's education and investment of an estate. Third, as the contracting period of family, they rely upon other's financial supports. Therefore, it is desirable for each family to establish family life cycle planning. As the results of hypothesis testing, 1) Nuclear family have been formed in urban communities. 2) The age of housewives is not concerned with whether their husband's parents live in the same house or not. 3)The age of housewives is not concerned with whether their parents lived with them or not. 4) The relationship between the age of housewives and monthly income is not significant. 5) The relationship between the age of housewives and monthly expenditure is significant. 6)The relationship between the age of housewives and monthly savings is not significant.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence middle-aged people's retirement planning and financial preparation for old age. The data was derived from "the National Survey of Families 2015". The samples included 1,462 people from 40 to 64 years of age. The findings from the analysis showed that the level of retirement planning was significantly associated with gender, age, education level, employment status, monthly family income, monthly expenditure on spending to support parents, and perceived household economic condition. When the samples were divided by sex, the results showed that the perceived household economic condition was the most significant factor for both men and women's level of retirement planning. Age and education level were the significant factors for women's level of retirement planning but not for men's. Logistic regression was used to analyze whether middle-aged people made financial preparation for old age. For the whole sample, whether or not a person was a regular employee, monthly family income, monthly expenditure on supporting parents, perceived household economic condition, and retirement planning were significant variables in determining financial preparation. For men, whether or not a person was a regular employee, monthly family income, perceived household economic condition, and retirement planning were significant factors, for women whether or not a person was a regular employee, and retirement planning were the significant factors in determining financial preparation. The results implied that retirement planning is needed for middle-aged people to prepare for old age financially while the financial preparation should differ depending on sex.