• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.811-818
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• 2002

The concentration levels of monoterpenes, including ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-pinene, were measured in a pine forest in Florida, USA, over about one year. Based on this measurement data, the current study then investigated the factors affecting the environmental behavior of monoterpenes. Despite a moderately weak temperature variability in the study area, the temperature dependence of the concentration variations was still evident. The concentrations of the two pinenes were significantly affected by changes in the air temperature, as indicated by strong correlations with temperature. A close relation among the measured parameters was also found between the ${\beta}$-pinene and ozone concentrations, which is also in line with previous findings from other studies. In addition, it was interesting to note that the ${\beta}$/${\alpha}$ pinene concentration ratio exhibited a strong inverse correlation to temperature, with the seasonal mean ranging from 0.51(summer) to 0.93(winter). Accordingly, the current results indicate that, in a forest environment, the major terpene species concentrations are affected by both meteorological conditions and chemical reactions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.713-724
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• 2012

Emission rates of biogenic hydrocarbon emitted from broad-leaved trees grown at Jeju Island were estimated using a dynamic enclosure method. Leaf temperature, PAR and relative humidity were monitored during the sampling time. The emission rates of isoprene and monoterpene were measured for five plants(Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata, Styrax japonicus, Quercus acutissima, Quercus crispula) during the sampling period at the Halla mountain sites. Among five tree species, the highest isoprene emission rate of 10.60 ${\mu}g\;gdw^{-1}hr^{-1}$ was observed for Quercus serrata. The seasonal emission rates were the highest during summer and the emission of isoprene was highly affected by light and temperature variations. The highest emission rate of isoprene was occurred between 13:00 and 14:00, but isoprene was not emitted in nighttime because of the absence of light.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2001

$\alpha$-Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (1), a new antioxidant monoterpene $\alpha$-glycoside anomer was isolated from Paeonia suffruticosa along with known compounds, $\beta$-benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (2), paeonolide, paeoniflorin and mudanpioside H. The structure of 1 has been determined by comparing spectral data with those of $\beta$-Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin(2). Compound 1 exhibited moderately potent radical scavenging activity on DPPH radical.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

In order to study the distribution characteristics of natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs), we investigated the seasonal variations of $\alpha$-and $\beta$-pinene levels in a pine forest in Florida for a you. The mean concentrations of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-pinene measured during the whole study period were computed to be 125: 86 (N = 65) and 86$\pm$52 pptv (N = 56), respectively. According to our data grouping scheme, the seasonal means for both pinones were observed to peak during fall with their max and min values in summer and winter, respectively. The overall results of our study suggest that terpenes are subject to highly strong temporal variability because of changes in their major source characteristics across seasons.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.48-49
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• 1989

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.105.1-105
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2002

소나무과 식물(곰솔, 리기다소나무 및 소나무)이 지닌 monoterpene의 표준시약 12가지를 4가지 농도별로 Escherichia coli와 Aspergillus nidulans에 처리하여 성장 저해 효과를 조사하였다. E. coli의 성장 저해 효과가 있는 것들은 (R)(-)carvone, (S)(+)carvone, (1R)(-)fenchone, (-)menthone, α-pinene, (1S)(-)verbenone 그리고 (+)β-pinene이었고, 이들 중에서 가장 높은 성장 저해 효과를 보이는 것은 (+)β-pinene이었다. 그리고 A. nidulans에 성장 저해 효과를 보이는 것들은 (R)(-)carvone, (S)(+)carvone, (+)β-pinene, geranyl-acetate, α-pinene 그리고 (1S)(-)verbenone이었다. 본 실험에서 A. nidulans에 성 장 저해 효과를 나타내는 monoterpene은 대부분 E. coli에서도 저해효과를 보이는데, 다만 geranyl-acetate는 E. coli에서는 전혀 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 (1R)(-)fenchone과 (-)menthone은 E. coli의 성장 억제를 하는 반면. A. nidulans의 성장에는 영향이 없었다. 특히 주목할 만한 점은 myrcene, sabinene, bornyl acetate 그리고 limonene의 경우 두 종 모두에서 성장 저해 효과가 전혀 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to show the geographical distribution and the temporal variation of the emission amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) emanated from forests at Jeju Island. The total emission amount of BVOCs calculated by using the CORINAIR Methodology is $3612ton\;yr^{-1}$ at Jeju Island. More than half of BVOCs emissions is come from coniferous forest, and 45 per cent from broad leaved forest. The others is attributed to grassland. Of total emission of BVOCs, isoprene accounts for 28 per cent, monoterpene for 32 per cent, and other VOCs for about 40 percent, respectively. It can be shown that $3000{\sim}10000kg\;yr^{-1}$ of BVOCs is emitted at the zone with dense forest from an altitude of 500 m to the top of Mt. Halla, and less than $1500kg\;yr^{-1}$ at the zone an altitude of below 500 meters. The monoterpene emission is more than $1500kg\;yr^{-1}$ due to the existence of a colony of Abies koreana at the place with more than 1500 meters and a community of Pinus thunbergii and Cryptomeria japonica at the elevation of 500~700 m. In the case of isoprene emission, there is $1500{\sim}3000kg\;yr^{-1}$ at the zone of an elevation from 700 m to 1500 m due to dense broad leaved forest and very little of its emission at an elevation of more than 1500 meters because there is hardly broad leaved trees grown. In this study, emission of BVOCs according to the altitude above sea level is estimated under the situation of lack of the data for broad leaved tree. More detailed data and information for the distribution of broad leaved trees are needed in order to calculate more realistic BVOC emission.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Cultured Cupressus lusitanica cells induced by various stresses are thought to produce different complexes of defense chemicals to optimize defense. To compare the induced products of two stimulations, we investigated the emission of monoterpenes, biosynthesis of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$, and accumulation of lignin in mechanically stressed and fungal elicited cultured C. lusitanica cells. Both mechanical stress and fungal elicitor caused emission of qualitatively similar monoterpene blends indicating de novo biosynthesis of these compounds after stimulation, while mechanical stress alone is sufficient to induce fungal elicitor-related monoterpene emission. Sabinene and limonene were the dominant compounds over the time course in both volatile blends. Although the emitted volatile blends were qualitatively similar, the time course and the relative ratios of the constituents of the volatile blends differed with the type of stimulation. While fungal elicited cells produced significant amounts of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ over the 5-day time course, no ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ was observed in the mechanically stressed cells. The production of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ was the main dissimilarity of the induced products of these two treatments, suggesting that synthesis of ${\beta}-thujaplicin$ is not a general response to all types of stresses, but is a specific response and serves as a strong toxic compound against already invaded fungus. Significantly higher amounts of lignin accumulations were observed in the fungal elicited and mechanically stressed cells on the 5th day after induction. Based on these results, we suggest the composition of induced products was dependent on the method of stimulation.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

In order to investigate the composition ratio and the emission rate of monoterpenes emitted from coniferous trees during summer, the enclosure chamber experiments were carried out for two tree species (Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida). The major monoterpenes from the pine trees were $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, myrcene and $\beta$-phellandrene. There was no difference of the composition ratio between two sites for P. densiflora, but the difference was observed for P. rigida. Clearly, the ratio of $\beta$-pinene (26.1 %) for P. rigida was higher than that of $\beta$-phellandrene (12%) at the Gumsung mountain site, but the ratio of $\beta$-phellandrene (22.2%) was higher than that of $\beta$-pinene (9.9%) at the Chiri mountain site. Particularly, the composition ratio of $\beta$-phellandrene was higher than that of $\beta$-pinene for P. densiflora, and the opposite trend was found for P. rigida at the Gumsung mountain site. The characteristics of the composition ratio between two species were similar at the Chiri mountain site. As a result of the emission rate measurements, it was observed that both sites did not show any significant $\beta$ value (slope between emission rate and temperature) and ERs (Standard Emission rate at 3$0^{\circ}C$) difference. However, the $\beta$ value and ERs at the Chiri mountain site were slightly greater than those of Gumsung mountain site for both pine species. P. densiflora (1.703 and 1.971 $\mu\textrm{g}$C/gdw/hr) showed the higher monoterpene ERs than those of P. rigida (0.572 and 0.698 $\mu\textrm{g}$C/gdw/hr) at both sites.