• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1969

More thau thirty kinds of sea food pickles have been eaten in Korea. Out of these, salted small sardine pickle was analyzed of their components and investigated the enzyme characteristics concerned. Also studied was the effect of enzymes on the production of flavorous 5'-mononucleotides. The results are summarized as follows: 1) No accumulation of flavorous 5'-mononucleotides was demonstrated because RNA-depolymerase in the raw materials and the pickles tended to decompose RNA into nucleoside and phosphoric acid. 2) 5'-Inosinic acid and 5'-adenylic acid were found in large amounts in the salted small sardine pickle. 3) 5'-Inosinic acid was contained in the salted small sardine pickle in a significant concentration, and it might be considered to be inosinic acid-type.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1984

Ribonucleic acid contents and mononucleotides distribution from the mycelium and fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were studied. P.E.I. cellulose TLC and HPLC were applied in this study. The obtained results are as follows; The levels of ribonucleic acids from the young basidiocarp mycelium were higher than those of mature basidiocarp. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate and xanthosine 5'-monophosphate were found in both young basidiocarp mycelium and mature basidiocarp. The levels of guanosine 5'-monophosphate and xanthosine 5'-monophosphate from the young basidiocarp were higher than those of the mature basidiocarp. However, inosine 5'-mono­phosphate was not detected.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2001

HPLC separation of ionic samples tends to be more complicated and difficult to understand than that of non-ionic compounds. On the other hand, band spacing is much more easily manipulated for ionic than for neutral samples. Ion-suppression RP-HPLC method was used with organic modifier and aqueous buffer solution. In this work, five mononucleotides of cytidine-5-monophosphate (5-CMP) disodium salt, uridine-5-monophosphate disodium salt (5-UMP), guanosine-5-monophosphate disodium salt (5-GMP), inosine-5-monophosphate disodium salt (5-IMP), and adenosine-5-monophosphate disodium salt (5-AMP) were examined. Acetic acid and sodium phosphate were used as buffers, and methanol as an organic modifier. A new relationship between the retention factor and the buffer concentration at a fixed modifier content (5% of methanol) could be expressed by following: K = (k(sub)-1 + k(sub)0 (k(sub)B/k(sub)S)/(1 + (k(sub)B/k(sub)S) C(sub)B(sup)a), where C(sub)B was the concentration of buffer. Using this relationship, the calculated values closely matched the experimental data. The derived relationship showed that as the buffer concentration increased, the retention factor approached a certain value, and this was buffer dependent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.452-457
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• 2000

Due to the advantage of RP-HPLC with a variety of compositions of mobile phases, experiments on water-soluble charged species were examined. The samples were mononucleotides (5-CMP, 5-UMP, 5-GMP, 5-IMP, 5-AMP), and the buffers used were sodium phosphate monobasic and acetic acid. The concentrations of buffers ranged from 0.01 to 10 mM, while that of the methanol, an additive to the mobile phase was 5 to 20 vol.%. To predict the retention factor of a sample in terms of its methanol composition (M, vol.%) and buffer(C(sub)B, mM), the following nonlinear equation is suggested, k= $\frac{a+b C_B}{(1+c C_B) M^d}($ where a, b, c, and d were experimentally determined constants. The regression coefficients were above 0.96, and the agreement between experimental and calculated retention factors were relatively good.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.219-222
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• 1988

Degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA) by cell-free extract of mixed rumen protozoa of buffalo rumen was investigated. DNA was observed to be degraded rapidly during an initial incubation period of 2 hr with simultaneous appearance of degradation products. RNA on the other hand recorded a rapid degradation during an initial incubation period of 1 hr. RNA degradation products appeared upto an incubation period of 2 hr. DNA was observed to degrade into oligo- and mononucleotides. pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleoside adenosine and bases xanthine, hypoxanthine and thymine. Degradation products of RNA comprised of pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleoside, adenosine and bases xanthine, hypoxanthine and uracil besides oligo- and mononucleotides.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3233-3238
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• 2011

The fluorescence of norfloxacin was quenched by various nucleotides. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities in the absence and presence of nucleotide was linearly dependent on nucleotide concentration, suggesting that quenching occurred through the formation of nonfluorescent norfloxacin-nucleotide complexes. The gradient of the linear relationship represented the equilibrium constant of complex formation; it decreased with increasing temperature. The slopes of van't Hoff plots constructed from the temperature-dependent equilibrium constants were positive in all cases, indicating that complex formation was energetically favorable - i.e., exothermic, with negative Gibb's free energy. The equilibrium constant increased when triphosphate was used instead of monophosphate. It also increased when the oxygen at the $C'_2$ position of the nucleotide was removed. Both enhancements were due to entropic effects: entropy decreased when complexes with AMP or GMP formed, while it increased when norfloxacin complexed with ATP, GTP, dAMP and dGMP.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 1983

The effects of the five ginsenosides on the activities of particulate adenylate cyclase and particulate guanylate cylase of rat brain have been studied. The range of concentrations of ginsenosides were between 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 500$\mu\textrm{g}$ per 500${mu}ell$ reaction mixture, Also, the effects of three ginsenosides on the activity of soluble guanylate cylace have been studied in the same range of concentrations as in particulate adenylate cyclase. Only ginsenoside Re has shown the reciprocal feeects when tested with particulated adenylate cyclase and particulate guanylated cyclase. Regulatory action of the several mononucleotides on the activities of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase was examined. Ginsenoside Rd-inhibited adenylate cyclase was activated in great extent by the addition of increasing amount of GMP. On the other hand, ginsenoside Rc-activated guanylate cyclase was inhibited by the addition of increasing amount of AMP and GMP. The fact that the stimulatory action of GMP is observed only with particulated adenylate cyclase but not with soluble suanylate cyclase suggests that the action is membrane-related one. The competitive action was observed between ginsenoside Rb2 and dopamine in their binding to the receptors. This result is clear-cut evidence that the ginsenoside Rb2 binds specifically to $\beta$-adrenergic receptors.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1985

Aspergillus niger IMI 41873 was cultured by the method of synchronous and submerged culture. Its sporulation occurred in the culture. Ribonucleic acids were extracted at each stage of life cycle. These RNAs were digested, separated and determined by P.E.I. cellulose TLC and HPLC methods. The levels of ribonucleic acids in sporulating mycelia were higher than those of conidiophore and phialide forming mycelia. Inosine 5-monophosphate and adenosine 5-monophosphate derivatives were found in HPLC separations. The levels of inosine 5-monophosphate and adenosine 5-monophosphate derivatives per ribonucleic acid were constant through differentiation. After the standard purine necleosides and boiling water extracts from A. bisporus, F. velutipes and L. edodes were added into the culture, their effects on sporulation were examined. Sporulation was greatly enhanced in each adding experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 1976

It was found that petroleum ether extract of White Ginseng had a very slightly stimulating effect on the RNA biosynthesis of Baker's yeast, while both ethanol extract of White Ginseng(WGpet-alc) and Red Ginseng Extract(RGE) showed a significant stimulating effect on the RNA biosynthesis and its activity to change mononucleotide composition of the yeast RNA was noticeable; RGE induced a remarkable decrease of AMP, CMP and especially of UMP, however a marked increase of GMP, and it was observed that the molar ratio of GMP was 78.5 % of all mononucleotides of the yeast RNA. It is of interest that these results are closely related with the stimulating effect of protein biosynthesis of Baker's yeast cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 1970

As a series of studies on the nucleic acids and their related substances 210 samples were collected from 76 places such as farm soil, compost of heap, nuruk and meju to obtain microbial strains which produce 5'-phosphodiesterase. From these samples total of 758 strains were isolated by the use of dilution pour plate method. For all isolated strains primary screening of the productivity of RNA depolymerase was performed and useful strains with regard to 5'-phosphodiesterase productivities were identified. For these useful strains optimum condition, the effect of various compounds on the activity of 5'-phosphodiesterase, and the optimum condition for enzyme reaction were discussed. The quantitative of 5'-mononucleotides produced by the action of 5'-phosphodiesterase was performed using anion-exchange column chromatography and their identified was done by paper chromatography, thinlayer chromatography, ultra violet spectrophotometry, and characteristic color reaction using carbazole and schiff's reagent. (1) Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 and Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 from soil were identified as a potent 5'-phosphodiesterase producing strains. (2) Optimum culture conditions for Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 strain isolated were found to be pH 5.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, and the optimum conditions for enzyme action of 5'-phosphodiesterase were pH 4.2 and $60^{\circ}C$. Best carbon source for the production of 5'-phosphodiesterase was found to be sucrose and ammonium nitrate for nitrogen source. Addition of 0.01% corn steep liquor or yeast extract exhibited 20% increase in the amount of 5'-phosphodiesterase production compared to the control. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced by this strain was activated by $Mg^{++},\;Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ and was inhibited by EDTA, citrate, $Cu^{++},\;CO^{++}$. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced 5'-mononucleotide from RNA at a rate of 65.81%, and among the 5'-mononucleotides accumulated 5'-GMP only was found to have flavorous and the strain was also found lack of 5'-AMP deaminase. Productivity of flavorous 5'-GMP was found to be 186.7mg per gram of RNA. (3) Optimum culture canditions for the isolated Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 strain were pH 7.0 and $28^{\circ}C$, and the optimum conditions for the action of 5'-phosphodiesterase were pH 7.3 and $50^{\circ}C$. The best carbon source for 5'-phosphodiesterase production was found to be glucose and that of nitrogen was asparagine. Addition of 0.01% yeast extract exhibited increased productivity of 5'-phosphodiesterase by 40% compared to the non-added control. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced by this strain was activated by $Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ and was inhibited by citrate, EDTA, $Cu^{++}$. It was also found that the strain produce 5'-AMP deaminase in addition to 5'-phosphodiesterase. For this reason although decomposition rate was 63.58% the accumulation of 5'-AMP, 5'-CMP, 5'-GMP and 5'-UMP occurred by the breakdown of RNA. In the course of these reaction 5'-AMP deaminase converted 60% of 5'-AMP thus produced into 5'-IMP and flavorous 5'-mono nucleotide production was significantly increased by this strain over the above mentioned one. Production rates were found to be 171.8mg per grain of RNA for 5'-IMP and 148.2mg per gram of RNA for 5'-GMP, respectively.