• Spatial Information Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

최근 IT, 모바일 기술의 발전으로 공간정보는 국민생활과 국가경제의 인프라 역할을 수행하고 있으며, SNS 소셜커머스를 비롯한 많은 어플리케이션에서 공간정보를 활용하여 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 국가 공간정보 서비스를 안정적으로 제공할 수 있는 공간정보 오픈플랫폼 서비스(VWorld)의 등장에 사람들의 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 그러나 현재 공간정보 오픈플랫폼 시스템은 실시간 모니터링 시스템이 도입되지 않은 상태로 오픈플랫폼의 실시간 부하 및 사용 현황을 파악하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 오픈플랫폼 시스템의 웹 사용자로그정보를 이용하여 데이터 전송량, 네트워크 점유율, 서비스 방문자 수, Hit 건수, 접속 경로, 주요 이용 콘텐츠와 관련된 사용현황을 분석하고 그 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 결과가 오픈플랫폼 서비스의 모든 사용 현황을 파악하기에는 부족한 면이 있지만, 해마다 변화하는 오픈플랫폼의 사용현황을 파악하기 위한 기본 자료로, 또한 오픈플랫폼 시스템 확장에 있어서의 기초자료로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2016

A Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) provides differential correction and integrity information through geostationary satellite to users in order to reduce Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-related errors such as ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay, and satellite orbit and clock errors and calculate a protection level of the calculated location. A SBAS is a system, which has been set as an international standard by the International Civilian Aviation Organization (ICAO) to be utilized for safe operation of aircrafts. Currently, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) in the USA, the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) in Europe, MTSAT Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) in Japan, and GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) are operated. The System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM) in Russia is now under construction and testing. All SBASs that are currently under operation including the WAAS in the USA provide correction and integrity information about the Global Positioning System (GPS) whereas the SDCM in Russia that started SBAS-related test services in Russia in recent years provides correction and integrity information about not only the GPS but also the GLONASS. Currently, LUCH-5A(PRN 140), LUCH-5B(PRN 125), and LUCH-5V(PRN 141) are assigned and used as geostationary satellites for the SDCM. Among them, PRN 140 satellite is now broadcasting SBAS test messages for SDCM test services. In particular, since messages broadcast by PRN 140 satellite are received in Korea as well, performance analysis on GPS/GLONASS Multi-Constellation SBAS using the SDCM can be possible. The present paper generated correction and integrity information about GPS and GLONASS using SDCM messages broadcast by the PRN 140 satellite, and performed analysis on GPS/GLONASS Multi-Constellation SBAS performance and APV-I availability by applying GPS and GLONASS observation data received from multiple reference stations, which were operated in the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) for performance analysis on GPS/GLONASS Multi-Constellation SBAS according to user locations inside South Korea utilizing the above-calculated information.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.138-142
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• 2004

In this paper, we present a new method for monitoring of ECU's sensor signals of vehicle. In order to measure the ECU's sensor signals, the interfaced circuit is designed to communicate ECU and the Embedded Linux is used to monitor communication result through Web the Embedded Linux system and this system is said "ECU Interface Part". In ECU Interface Part the interface circuit is designed to match voltage level between ECU and SA-1110 micro controller and interface circuit to communicate ECU according to the ISO, SAE communication protocol standard. Because Embedded Linux does not allow to access hardware directly in application level, anyone who wants to modify any low level hardware must develop device driver. To monitor ECU's sensor signals the most important thing is to match serial level between ECU and ECU Interface Part. It means to communicate correctly between two hardware we need to match voltage and signal level, and need to match baudrate. The voltage of SA-1110 is 0 ${\sim}$ +3.3V and ECU is 0 ${\sim}$ +12V and, ECU's communication Line K does multiple operation so, the interface circuit is used to match voltage and signal level. In Addition to ECU's baudrate is 10400bps, it's not standard baudrate in computer environment. So, we need to develop a device driver to control the interface circuit, and change baudrate. To monitor ECU's sensor signals through web there's a network socket program is working in Embedded Linux. It works as server program and manages user's connections and commands. Anyone who wants to monitor ECU's sensor signals he just only connect to Embedded Linux system with web browser then, Embedded Linux webserver will return the ActiveX webbased measurement software. It works in web browser and inits ECU, as a result it returns sensor signals through web. All the programs are developed with GCC(GNU C Compiler) and, webbased measurement software is developed with Borland C++ Builder.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

Purpose - This study investigates the following two issues. First, we attempt to find the important determinants of housing investment and to identify their significance rank using survey panel data. Recently, the expansion of global uncertainty in the real estate market has directly and indirectly influenced the Korean housing market; households demonstrate a sensitive reaction to changes in that market. Therefore, this study aims to draw conclusions from understanding how the impact of financial strength of the household is related to house investment. Second, we attempt to verify the effectiveness of diverse indices of financial strength such as DTI, LTV, and PIR as measures to monitor the housing market. In the continuous housing market recession after the global crisis, the government places top priority on residence stability. However, the government still imposes forceful restraints on indices of financial strength. We believe this study verifies the utility of these regulations when used in the housing market. Research design, data, and methodology - The data source for this study is the "National Survey of Tax and Benefit" from 2007 (1st) to 2011 (5th) by the Korea Institute of Public Finance. Based on this survey data, we use panel data of 3,838 households that have been surveyed continuously for 5 years. We sort the base variables according to relevance of house investment criteria using the decision tree model (DTM), which is the standard decision-making model for data-mining techniques. The DTM method is known as a powerful methodology to identify contributory variables for predictive power. In addition, we analyze how important explanatory variables and the financial strength index of households affect housing investment with the binary logistic multi-regressive model. Based on the analyses, we conclude that the financial strength index has a significant role in house investment demand. Results - The results of this research are as follows: 1) The determinants of housing investment are age, consumption expenditures, income, total assets, rent deposit, housing price, habits satisfaction, housing scale, number of household members, and debt related to housing. 2) The impact power of these determinants has changed more or less annually due to economic situations and housing market conditions. The level of consumption expenditure and income are the main determinants before 2009; however, the determinants of housing investment changed to indices of the financial strength of households, i.e., DTI, LTV, and PIR, after 2009. 3) Most of all, since 2009, housing loans has been a more important variable than the level of consumption in making housing market decisions. Conclusions - The results of this research show that sound financing of households has a stronger effect on housing investment than reduced consumption expenditures. At the same time, the key indices that must be monitored by the government under economic emergency conditions differ from those requiring monitoring under normal market conditions; therefore, political indices to encourage and promote the housing market must be divided based on market conditions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2020

Background: Cardiac arrest during or after office-based cosmetic surgery is rare, and little is known about its prognosis. We assessed the clinical outcomes of patients who developed cardiac arrest during or after cosmetic surgery at office-based clinics. Methods: Between May 2009 and May 2016, 32 patients who developed cardiac arrest during or after treatment at cosmetic surgery clinics were consecutively enrolled. We compared clinical outcomes, including complications, between survivors (n=19) and non-survivors (n=13) and attempted to determine the prognostic factors of mortality. Results: All 32 of the patients were female, with a mean age of 30.40±11.87 years. Of the 32 patients, 13 (41%) died. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was applied in a greater percentage of non-survivors than survivors (92.3% vs. 47.4%, respectively; p=0.009). The mean duration of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was longer for the non-survivors than the survivors (31.55±33 minutes vs. 7.59±9.07 minutes, respectively; p=0.01). The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score was also higher among non-survivors than survivors (23.85±6.68 vs. 16.79±7.44, respectively; p=0.01). No predictor of death was identified in the patients for whom ECLS was applied. Of the 19 survivors, 10 (52.6%) had hypoxic brain damage, and 1 (5.3%) had permanent lower leg ischemia. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the estimated glomerular filtration rate was a predictor of mortality. Conclusion: Patients who developed cardiac arrest during or after cosmetic surgery at office-based clinics experienced poor prognoses, even though ECLS was applied in most cases. The survivors suffered serious complications. Careful monitoring of subjects and active CPR (when necessary) in cosmetic surgery clinics may be essential.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

This study was carried out to identify the occurrence of transovarian transmitted diseases and antibody positive rates among Korean native breeder chickens. The infection rates with Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum among 16-week-old, 36-week-old, and 56-week-old breeder chickens and the antibody positive rates to Egg Drop Syndrome '76, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae among 16-week-old, 18-week-old, and 56-week-old breeder chickens were identified, and the antibody positive rates to seven major transovarian transmitted diseases among 1-day-old chicks were investigated. As a result, no infection with Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum was found among the investigated subjects of all ages. Vaccinated breeder chickens showed the 100% antibody positive rate to Egg Drop Syndrome '76, and unvaccinated breeder chickens showed the 100% antibody negative rate to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, confirming that there was no infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. As a result of the antibody tests of the 1-day-old chicks for transovarian transmitted diseases, it was found that vaccinated chicks showed good antibody positive rates to avian encephalomyelitis, chicken infectious anemia, and avian reovirus, confirming that they had power of defense against the relevant infectious diseases, and that unvaccinated chicks showed the 100% antibody negative rates to avian leukosis, chicken reticuloendotheliosis, and Mycoplasma synoviae, confirming that there was no infection with the relevant diseases. Given that the results of this study showed that among the transovarian transmitted diseases of chickens, there was no history of infection with diseases against which vaccination was not administered and high antibody positive rates were found with diseases against which vaccination was administered, it is judged that chickens with good power of defense against diseases were bred, and it is deemed that constant monitoring and vaccination against transovarian transmitted diseases will be necessary for the control and prevention of the diseases.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2020

흐르는 물을 저장하여 공업, 농업, 상수도, 수력발전 등의 다양한 이용과 관광자원으로도 활용할 수 있는 저수지는 중요한 사회기반시설중의 하나이다. 그러므로 저수지의 유지관리는 행정 및 기술적 방안들을 동원하여 관리주체별로 정기적으로 수행되며, 저수지의 유지관리를 위해서는 저수지 하상 파악이 우선적이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 비교적 신뢰가 높은 Echo sounder를 이용한 방류전의 저수지 수심 측량과 방류후의 저수지 지형 측량을 UAV에 의하여 실시하였다. 그리고 수심 측량 자료를 Inverse Distance Weighting 보간, Kriging 보간, Minimum curvature 보간, Radial basis function 보간 등의 공간 보간별로 저수지의 내용적을 산출하여 UAV에 의한 방류 후 내용적 및 단면적을 비교 분석함으로 다음과 같은 결과를 알 수 있었다. 첫째, UAV에 의한 지형 자료와 Echo sounder에 의한 수심 자료를 공간 보간 기법별 적용 결과 Kriging 보간이 약 97%의 저수지 내용적 정확도를 확인 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 저수지 하상의 형상 비교를 위하여 검토 단면 설정 후 지형 선형과 보간별 선형의 상이 면적차를 비교한 결과 Kriging 보간이 최소 단면적 차이를 보임으로 지형 선형과의 가장 유사 형상임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 Echo sounder에 의해 취득된 수심 자료로 저수지 하상의 최적 모델링 구축시 저수지의 효율적 유지관리에 기초적 자료 제공이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.174-191
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 대청호 상류에 있는 서화천 유역에서 부하지속곡선을 통한 소유역별 비점오염원 취약지역 및 관리 오염물질과 관리 시기를 분석하였다. 먼저 부하지속곡선을 만들기 위하여 장기 유출 모형인 SWAT를 구축하여 유량지속곡선(Flow Duration Curve)을 작성하였으며 그 결과에 목표 수질을 곱하여 부하지속곡선(Load Duration Curve)을 작성하였다. 목표 수질은 서화천 비점오염원 관리를 위해 지난 2017년 11월부터 측정한 모니터링 자료를 사용하였으며 측정자료의 60분위에 해당하는 값을 목표 수질로 설정하였다. 이때 산정된 값이 하천 생활환경 기준의 "약간좋음"(II)을 초과할 경우 목표 수질을 "약간 좋음"(II)으로 제한하였다. 비점오염원 취약지역은 목표 수질을 초과하는 초과율을 이용하여 선정하였으며 초과 되는 오염물질을 관리 물질로 판단하고 계절별 평가를 통해 관리시기를 선정하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2020

인공위성 영상을 기반으로 한 기계판독(machine interpretation) 원격탐사 수계 탐지는 효율적인 수자원 관리, 가뭄 탐지, 홍수 모니터링 등에 큰 도움이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 머신러닝을 기반으로 한 SAR 위성 영상 기반 수계 탐지를 시행하였다. 그러나 SAR 위성 영상만을 사용하였을 경우 음영 효과 또는 도로 등의 수계와 비슷한 산란특성을 가지는 물체로 인하여 비수계가 수계로 오탐지 될 수 있다. 이러한 오탐지를 줄이기 위하여 목포 지역을 촬영한 Cosmo-SkyMed SAR 위성 영상에 모폴로지(Morphology)의 open 연산을 거친 밴드와 DEM(수치표고모델) 밴드, Curvature(곡률) 밴드를 조합하여 중첩한 8가지 경우에 대하여 의미 분할 기법 머신러닝 모델을 학습시켰다. 8가지 머신러닝 모델에 대한 최종 테스트 결과인 Global Accuracy를 구하였으며, 목포 지역의 토지피복지도와의 일치율 역시 비교하였다. 그 결과 SAR 위성 영상과 모폴로지 open 필터를 적용한 밴드, DEM 밴드, Curvature 밴드를 모두 사용한 경우가 Global Accuracy뿐만 아니라 토지피복지도와의 일치율 역시 가장 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이때 Global Accuracy는 95.07%였으며, 토지피복지도와의 일치율은 89.93%로 나타났다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.338-351
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• 2019

우리나라에서 유역면적이 가장 큰 한강수계를 대상으로 충주댐 상류지역까지 시료채취 지점을 확대하여 지천과 본류 유역별 유입 기여도를 평가하고 일별 수문자료를 입수하여 시기별 잔류농약의 유출량의 계량화를 시도하였다. 채수장소는 남한강수계 19, 북한강수계 3, 경안천 1 및 팔당댐 아래로 모두 24지점이었는데, 남한강수계 채수지점은 본류의 충주댐 상류 3개소, 하류 3개소와 지천으로는 동강과 서강, 달천, 섬강 등 13개소였다. 시료채취는 2012년과 2014년에 4회씩 실시하였고 대상농약은 하천 농약잔류량 조사 시에 국내에서 검출된 바 있는 성분들을 포함하여 174 성분이었다. 밭농사용 농약으로는 diazinon, cadusafos, alachlor, metolachlor 및 dithiopyr 등이 검출되었고, 사용이 금지된 endosulfan sulfate도 검출되었다. Endosulfan sulfate의 검출은 주로 남한강 상류지역의 고랭지 경사지의 유출 때문이었고, diazinon의 경우는 고랭지 채소재배지 토양살충과 하류지역의 다양한 농업활동에 의한 것이라고 판단되었는데, 강우에 의하여 유출 농도와 양이 영향을 받는다고 사료되었다. 벼 재배용 농약은달천, 섬강을 포함하여 주로 하류지역에서 검출되었다. 검출된 농약은 살균제인 iprobenfos와 isoprothiolane, hexaconazole, 살충제 carbofuran, 제초제 oxadiazon이었는데 벼농사용 농약의 수계유출은 강우에 의한 것뿐 아니라 배수와 누수 등에 의해 재배기간 중에는 지속적으로 일어나는 것으로 판단되었다.