• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2009

To numerically simulate aerodynamics of rotor-airframe interaction in a rigorous manner, we need to solve the Navier-Stokes system for a rotor-airframe combination as a whole. This often imposes a serious computational burden since rotating blades and a stationary body have to be simultaneously dealt with. An efficient alternative is to adopt a momentum source method in which the action of rotor is approximated as momentum source over a rotor disc plane in a stationary computational domain. This makes the simulation much simpler. For unsteady simulation, the instantaneous momentum sources are assigned only to a portion of disk plane corresponding to blade passage. The momentum source is obtained by using blade element theory with dynamic inflow model. Computations are carried out for the simple rotor-airframe model (the Georgia Tech model) and the results of the simulation are compared with those of the full Navier-Stokes simulation with moving mesh system for rotor and with experimental data. It is shown that the present simulation yields results as good as those of the full Navier-Stokes simulation.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

로터-기체 사이의 간섭작용을 정확하게 계산하기 위해서는 로터의 회전을 사실적으로 모사할 수 있는 로터-기체 결합형상의 Navier-Stokes 해석이 필요하다. 하지만 회전하는 로터를 포함한 전기체를 해석할 경우 격자가 증가함에 따라 계산 비용과 시간이 증가된다. 모멘텀 소스 방법은 로터를 디스크 격자에 모멘텀 소스로 대체하여 시간 평균된 로터-기체의 간섭작용을 해석하므로 비교적 경제적이면서도 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 일반적으로 모멘텀 소스 값은 블레이드 요소 이론을 이용하여 구하지만 결과의 정확성이 떨어진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 모멘텀 소스를 Moving mesh 방법을 이용한 Navier-Stokes 계산을 통해 구하여 정확성을 높였다. 이 모멘텀 소스 값을 이용하여 정상해석을 하여 실험결과와 비교하였다. 기존의 모멘텀 소스 방법은 시간 평균된 유동장만 관찰할 수 있으므로 비정상 유동장을 관찰하기 위하여 비정상 로터-기체 간섭작용 해석 모델을 개발하여 실험결과와 비교해 보았다. 검증을 위하여 간단한 형상인 Georgia Tech 형상을 사용하여 실험결과와 비교해 보았으며 본 연구의 계산결과가 실험결과와 잘 일치하는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-38
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• 2008

축약 각운동량 전개(Reduced Angular Momentum Expansion) 을 사용하여 산란 진폭을 계산하였고, 평면파 근사와 비교하였다. Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin(WKB) 방법을 써서 각 운동량이 영이 아닌 초기 파동의 곡률 효과를 주는 항이 광전자 또는 오제(Auger) 전자의 원심 퍼텐셜 에너지(centrifugal potential energy) 항이 됨을 보였으며, 이항은 평면파 근사에서 각 운동량에 의존하는 유효 파수 벡터가 됨을 보였다. 산란 진폭과 각 운동량과 관계를 구체적으로 보였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2009

Lin and Liu(1999)는 VOF기법을 도입한 RANS 방정식 모형을 이용하여 목표 파형을 조파할 수 있도록 연속방정식의 질량 원천항을 이용하는 내부조파기법을 제안하였다. 이로부터 외부조파에 의한 영역 내 재반사 문제가 해결되어 RANS 방정식 모형을 이용한 파랑수치실험이 수행되어 발표되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 RANS 방정식 모형의 운동량 원천항을 이용한 내부조파기법을 사용하여 목표 파형을 조파할 수 있도록 하였다. FLUENT의 사용자 정의함수를 이용하여 두 조파방법에 대해 수치실험하고 비교하였다. 그리고 조파기법의 적용성을 살펴 보기 위해 Luth et al.(1994)의 수리실험을 수치모의하고 그 결과를 비교하였으며, 수심방향 변화를 보이는 수치 모의 결과들을 제시하고 고찰하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 The Fifth Asian Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference
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• pp.6-6
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• 2003

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2022

For carbon neutrality, direct-injection hydrogen engines are attracting attention as a future power source. It is essential to estimate the transient injection rate of hydrogen for the optimization of hydrogen injection in direct injection engines. However, conventional injection rate measurement techniques for liquid fuels based on the injection-induced fuel pressure change in a test section are difficult to be applied to gaseous fuels due to the compressibility of the gas and the sealing issue of the components. In this study, a momentum flux measurement technique is introduced to obtain the transient injection rate of gaseous fuels using a force sensor. The injection rate calculation models associated with the momentum flux measurement technique are presented first. Then, the volumetric injection rates are estimated based on the momentum flux data and the calculation models and compared with those measured by a volumetric flow rate meter. The results showed that the momentum flux measurement can detect the injection start and end timings and the transient and steady regimes of the fuel injection. However, the estimated volumetric injection rates showed a large difference from the measured injection rates. An alternative method is suggested that corrects the estimated injection rate results based on the measured mean volumetric flow rates.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1026-1035
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• 2004

An immersed boundary method for solving the Navier-Stokes and thermal energy equations is developed to compute the heat transfer over or inside the complex geometries in the Cartesian or cylindrical coordinates by introducing the momentum forcing, mass source/sink, and heat source/sink. The present method is based on the finite volume approach on a staggered mesh together with a fractional step method. The method of applying the momentum forcing and mass source/sink to satisfy the no-slip condition on the body surface is explained in detail in Kim, Kim and Choi (2001, Journal of Computational Physics). In this paper, the heat source/sink is introduced on the body surface or inside the body to satisfy the iso-thermal or iso-heat-flux condition on the immersed boundary. The present method is applied to three different problems : forced convection around a circular cylinder, mixed convection around a pair of circular cylinders, and forced convection around a main cylinder with a secondary small cylinder. The results show good agreements with those obtained by previous experiments and numerical simulations, verifying the accuracy of the present method.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2005

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.612-614
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• 1993

Sputtering requires a way to bombard the target with sufficient momentum. Positive ions are the most convenient source since their energy and momentum can be controlled by applying a potential to the target. Although many types of discharges have been used for sputtering, magnetrons are now the most widely used because of the high ion current densities. Namely, plasma near the target electrode is confined by magnetic field using permanent magnet, so that the collision probability is increased. It is important to develop RF magnetron sputtering system which has many excellent merits compared with conventional methods. Our study aims to develop 1 kW RF source(13.56 MHz, TR type) and to accumulate the design and construction technology of RF magnetron sputter-deposition system. We developed 1 kW RF sputtering system to deposit thin film. These films are deposited by this RF source matched by auto-matching system using primarily argon gas. Target of Au, Ni, Al, and $SiO_2$ was well deposited on the argon pressure of 5-10 mTorr.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2005

The iterative calculation by least square method was used to determine the source location of acoustic emission in rock, as so called "traditional method". The results were compared with source coordinates infered from the application of neural network system for new input data, as so called "new method". Input data of the neural network were based on the time differences of longitudinal waves arrived from acoustic emission events at each transducer, the variation of longitudinal velocities at each stress level, and the coordinates of transducer as in the traditional method. The momentum back propagation neural network system adopted to determine source location, which consists of three layers, and has twenty-seven input processing elements. Applicability of the new method were identified, since the results of source location by the application of two methods were similarly concordant.