• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1982

Studies on the effect of soil moisture, different seasons, harvesting periods and nitrogen application on the nitrate content of radish(Raphanus sativus L. var. niger(Mill.) S. Kerner) were carried out in pot and green house. The results are as follows; The low level of soil moisture leads to an increased nitrate accumulation in radish root. The nitrate content was found to be higher in spring crops and lower in summer ones. It was decreased during harvesting period. The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrate content in radish root. We found the highest content in petioles with lesser content in roots and leaf blades in that order. The multiple regression analysis and the nutritional value of nitrate content in radish were discussed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with CLA (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) on the proximate composition, sensory evaluation, pH, TBARS, cooking loss, WHC, shear force and objective color of chicken meat. Two hundred broiler chickens (Arbor Acre Broiler, male) were randomly assigned to five groups, fed for five weeks, and slaughtered. The proximate composition and crude protein of thigh muscle from the 1.5% and 2.0% CLA groups were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05), however there was no difference in moisture, crude fat, and crude ash. Based on sensory evaluation, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor were not significantly different among the treatment groups. The pH of thigh muscle from the CLA treated groups was higher than the control, and significantly increased with the increasing levels of CLA in the broiler diets (p<0.05). TBARS values were significantly lower in the CLA treated groups, and decreased with increasing CLA levels in the diet (p<0.05). Therefore, CLA may improve the shelf life of chicken meat. WHC, shear force, and meat color did not show any significant variation in this study. In conclusion, the accumulation of CLA and the production of fresh chicken meat without changes in meat quality can be achieved through supplementation with 2% CLA. Accumulation of CLA in chicken meat significantly increased with increasing CLA levels in the diet.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2001

Changes in land-use can affect soil organic matter content and fertility. We compared total soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, soil respiration, and nitrogen availability under three land-use types in central Korea; conversion of old rice field to natural willow-maple (Salix-Acer) forest, conversion of old field to artificial Korean pine (Pines koraiensis) forest, and indigenous oak (Quercus spp.) forest. After 20 years of fallow the area of rice field conversion to forest had higher soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the soil depth of 0-10cm and 10-20cm than the areas of field conversion to Korean pine forest and indigenous forest. In general, soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations decreased with soil depth. Organic matter accumulation as a balance of input and decomposition seemed to be higher in the soil of previous rice field, and carbon and nitrogen accumulation was largely confined to the topsoil. Soil respiration rates were greatest at the area of rice field conversion to forest, and appeared to be related to soil carbon and soil moisture. Soil nitrogen availability measured by the ion exchange resin bag method differed significantly among land-use types; soil inorganic nitrogen ($NH_4{^+}+NO_3{^-}$) and ammonium availability were highest in the soil under indigenous oak forest followed by conversion of old field to artificial Korean pine forest and conversion of old field to natural willow-maple forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.775-783
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• 2008

This study was performed to research quality characteristics of yellow layer cakes added with diacylglycerol oil and their effectiveness in reducing trans fatty acids and inhibiting accumulation of fats in the body. The diacylglycerol oil used in this study contained 80% diacylglycerol. In treatments 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the weight of margarine were substituted with diacylglycerol oil. pH and specific gravity of cake batter of treatments increased with more diacylglycerol oil compared to that of the control group. Viscosity of cake batters of treatments also became higher with increasing diacylglycerol oil than that of the control. pH of cakes rose up with increasing amounts of diacylglycerol oil. Volume of cakes became bigger by reducing loss due to water evaporation in a baking process, resulting in a moister texture because of increased moisturizing capacity in oil. In the case of color, the Hunter's colorimetric lightness (L) got higher as the added amount was increased, and redness (a), yellowness (b) and color different ($\Delta$E) got lower against control accordingly. In particular, 30% treatment showed higher levels in the areas of volumes and moisture contents while 20 and 30% treatments were superior in sensory characteristics. Therefore, a yellow layer cake made by substituting 30% of the weight of margarine with diacylglycerol oil was expected to be a low-calorie cake because the oil improves taste and quality of cakes, reduces trans-fatty acids and inhibits accumulation of fats.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

This study focuses on forest fires attributed to cigarette light, the main source of wild fires, by examining the characteristics of the fire types. It aims to present useful data for preventive measures. Statistics show that the average length of cigarette butts left after smoking is 30mm excluding filter for domestic cigarette smokers. Also the average thickness of litter layer in forests is 58.2mm throughout the nation. The value varies according to how often leaves were trodden by hikers : the accumulation amount of Mt. Sunchi. which is relatively protected from human disturbances, is 29.6% more than that of Mt. Kye-Ryong National Park. Aged trees such as Pznus rzgidu, Quercus acutissima and Larix leptolepis have relatively large inflammable contents, 2.43kg in 15 year-old stand and 2.55kg in 10 year-old stand. This study found out the following fact with regard to the start of lighting and the out-break of fire. Fire breaks out within five minutes in the sample(C), in which Zoysza gaponica and Populus X tomentiglandulosu has been tramped when the sample has 2~6 percent of moisture contents. Coniferous trees such as Pinus rigida and Larzx leptolepis do not burn easily while leaving charcoal. In contrast, deciduous trees with Zoysia japonzca and Populus X tomentiglandulosu are quick to catch fire. As a result of the experiments, it is proved that cigarette light is a very dangerous cause of wild fire especially for dry grass like Zoysia gaponica.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2010

We have come to a conclusion below after studying about the cause of limb hyperhidrosis through references, putting the result into practice clinically from Hyungsang remedy point of view, examining the effect of treatment. The cause of limb, palm and sole hyperhidrosis. The cause of limb hyperhidrosis is stomach heat(Yangmyung heat), weakness and coldness of stomach, moisture and heat of spleen and stomach, energy insufficiency of spleen and stomach, weakness of Yin of spleen and stomach, heat by weakness Yin meridian, unspread energy of liver, severe heat of heart, weakness of heart, shortage of blood, the functional disorder of kidney meridian and heart meridian(disposition of water ascension and fire descent), heat of blood(the functional disorder of heart) etc. The cause of palm hyperhidrosis is blood insufficiency of heart and liver or the functional disease of heart and stomach. The cause of sole hyperhidrosis is the functional disease of heart and kidney or the functional disease of kidney. Types classified by the cause of limb hyperhidrosis. The case of stomach heat, moisture and heat of spleen and stomach is found a lot in Yangmyeong and Fish Type. The case of weakness and coldness of stomach or insufficiency energy of spleen and stomach is found in Bangkwang and Ki Type, the shape of disorder of transfer and transformation of spleen and stomach. The case of severe heat of heart, the functional disorder of kidney meridian and heart meridian(disposition of water ascension and fire descent), heat of blood(the functional disorder of heart), heat by weakness of meridian of Yin is found a lot in Dam, Bird and Shin Type. Limb sweat caused by unspread energy of liver is found a lot in Horse Type. Palm sweat is found a lot in Bird or Yangmyeong Type. Sole sweat is found a lot in Fish or Taeum Type. Jeokbokryung-tang was good especially for type limb hyperhidrosis falling under the shape of the small intestines heat which conforms to the person having a short perpendicular furrow of the upper lip or lifted upper lip. Palmul-tang was good for type limb hyperhidrosis tending to having leaking liquid and humor because of the disorder of transfer of Jung, Ki, Shin, Hyul. Dossipyungwi-san and Hyangsapyungwi-san were good for type limb hyperhidrosis caused by stomach heat by food accumulation and Ki depression.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.spc
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Numerous methods can be employed to teach students and farmers on soil science and fertilizer. The cartoon is one of the most effective teaching aids both for instructors and students. Instructor becomes a director of the cartoon to organize the framework of story based on the chapter of lecture. Director should adapt the regular sentence on soil science into the short and concise scenario suitable for the visual expression of the cartoon, followed by the selection of the scene for drawing. Next is to cast the instructor for the role of actor or sometimes supporter. After casting, the director starts to draw each cut of the cartoon in sequence. I published the cartoons in weekly serials in the farmer's newspaper for three years. Each cartoon was composed of eighteen cuts and formatted with the introductory, main and conclusive issues. Cartoon started with dialogues between the cast on subject to stimulate the interest by farmers, inserted the tables and graphs for the scientific knowledge and summarized the chapter. Major contents covered in the cartoons were glossary, nutrient uptake, pH, salt accumulation, moisture, pollution, chemical fertilizer, compost and other general aspects of soils. Cartoons had been very popular serial of the newspaper and are archived in the web for reviewing.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2003

In most mountainous parts of the temperate zone of Japan along the Pacific Ocean, some climatic climax forests, whose main dominant species is Fagus crenate, F. japonica or Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, are distributed. In the riparian regions of the zone, however, there appear summer green forests composed of the different species from the climatic climax forests. Climate plays an important role in determining the overall distribution of vegetation, but some environmental factors, i.e., topography, soil type, soil moisture content, etc. have a great influence on vegetation formation. Riparian forests seem to be controlled by various geomorphologic disturbances, such as landslide, soil erosion and accumulation. The study aims to present the relationships among vegetation, soils and landforms in the process of determining riparian forests dominated by Fraxinus platypoda and Pterocarya rhoifolia establishment in the mountainous region of central Japan. The study area extends an area of 302 ha with a range of elevation between 925 m and 1,681 m at the Chichibu mountains. The landforms were corditied at sampling grids (25 $\times$ 25 m, n = 4,843) using a hierarchical system, and a brief description of the forest soil classification was also given. The mutual relationship analysis indicated that forest soils and landforms play a significant role in determining the geomorphological process of riparian forest, and shaping the ultimate pattern of vegetation. At the study area, riparian forests were mainly found on the $B_E$ forest soil type and steep slopes ( > 30$^{\circ}$) at convex slopes along the streams. On the other hand, the direction of slopes did not have a significant impact on the establishment of the riparian forests. A mosaic of patchy distribution of those riparian forests on the slightly wetter $B_E$ forest soil type was one of the characteristic features of the study area. This particular soil which contained large talus gravels was found on the land formed by erosion and deposition of landslide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1593-1600
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• 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the physiological consequences of undernourished yak. Twelve Maiwa yak ($110.3{\pm}5.85kg$) were randomly divided into two groups (baseline and starvation group). The yak of baseline group were slaughtered at day 0, while the other group of yak were kept in shed without feed but allowed free access to water, salt and free movement for 9 days. Blood samples of the starvation group were collected on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and the starved yak were slaughtered after the final blood sample collection. The liver and muscle glycogen of the starvation group decreased (p<0.01), and the lipid content also decreased while the content of moisture and ash increased (p<0.05) both in Longissimus dorsi and liver compared with the baseline group. The plasma insulin and glucose of the starved yak decreased at first and then kept stable but at a relatively lower level during the following days (p<0.01). On the contrary, the non-esterified fatty acids was increased (p<0.01). Beyond our expectation, the ketone bodies of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid decreased with prolonged starvation (p<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of lipogenetic enzyme fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase in subcutaneous adipose tissue of starved yak were down-regulated (p<0.01), whereas the mRNA expression of lipolytic enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and hormone sensitive lipase were up-regulated (p<0.01) after 9 days of starvation. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase, responsible for hepatic gluconeogenesis were up-regulated (p<0.01). It was concluded that yak derive energy by gluconeogenesis promotion and fat storage mobilization during starvation but without ketone body accumulation in the plasma.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendment with different characteristics on plant growth, fruit yield and quality of oriental melon for continuous cropping under protected cultivation. Humus layers in arable soil was disturbed because soil amendment from hillside to oriental melon field was continued to resolve problems for continuous cropping. Water potential and hardness of soil was decreased in sandy loam with lower clay contents compared with loam and silty clay. Leaf length and area, fresh and dry weight of plant at earlier growing stage were higher, but chlorophyll contents of leaves were dropped in sandy loam compared with silty clay soil. Fruit size and weight was higher in sandy loam, but soluble solid and color of fruit were increased in silty clay. Marketable and unmarketable yield and quantity of fermented fruit were the highest in sandy loam. Hardness and weight of fruit were decreased by longer storage period and soluble solids of fruit was peaked at 5 day after storage, but decreased by prolonged continued storage. Because of these results, soil characteristics of amendment to oriental melon field should be considered as an important factor for quality and yield of oriental melon.