• Title/Summary/Keyword: modes of traffic

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Development of A Direct Demand Estimation Model for Forecasting of Railroad Traffic Demand (철도수요예측을 위한 직접수요모형 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyo-Jong;Jung, Chan-Mook
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.2166-2178
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    • 2010
  • The Korea Transportation Database (KTDB) is used to obtain data on the origin and destination (OD) of inter-city travel, which are currently used in railroad planning when estimating traffic demand. The KTDB employs the trip assignment method, whereby the total traffic volume researched for inter-city travel in Korea is divided into road, rail and air traffic, etc. However, as regards rail travel, the railroad stations are not identical to the existing zones or the connector has not been established because there are several stations in one zone as such, certain problems with the applicable methods have been identified. Therefore, estimates of the volume of railroad traffic using the KTDB display low reliability compared to other modes of transportation. In this study, these problems are reviewed and analyzed, and use of the aggregate model method to estimate the direct demand for rail travel is proposed in order to improve the reliability of estimation. In addition, a method of minimizing error in traffic demand estimation for the railroad field is proposed via an analysis of the relationship between the aggregate model and various social-economic indicators including population, distances, numbers of industrial employees, numbers of automobiles, and the extension of roads between cities.

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Clinical Analysis of Chest Trauma; Analysis of 247 patients (흉부 손상의 임상적 고찰)

  • 김승규
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.26 no.12
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    • pp.944-949
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    • 1993
  • Clinical analysis were performed on 247 cases of thoracic trauma, those were admitted & treated at the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery,Hanyang University Hospital during the period from Jan,1989 to June,1992. Age distribution of those was from 2 to 80 years old & mean age was 38 years old. The ratio of male to female patient was 186:61 [3:1].This ratio revealed high incidence in male patient. The most common cause of trauma was traffic accident in this series.The modes of injury were as follows: traffic accident 124 cases[50.2%],fall down 52 cases[21.05%], stab wound 47 cases[19.03%] and gun-shut wound 1 case.Ellapse time from accident to admission were 141 cases [57.09%] under 6 hr.Rib fracture were observed in 159 cases[64.37%], hemo or pneumothorax were observed 134 cases[54.25%] of total cases and location distributed Right:Left:Both[74:112:37], in left predominant. Conservative,non-operative treatment were performed in 128 cases and operation[open thoracotomy] 32 cases.Mortality was 1.6%[4 cases] & most common cause of death were due to irreversible shock with brain edema. Conclusively, more evaluation & co-operation of other department were expected treatment & better prognosis.

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Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Injuries Combined with Abdominal Injuries (복부 손상을 동반한 흉부손상 환자의 외과적 치료)

  • Jeong, Seong-Un;Kim, Byeong-Jun;Lee, Seong-Gwang
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.28 no.9
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    • pp.842-846
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    • 1995
  • Recently, the trauma patients have been markedly increasing due to the vast increase of traffic accident, industrial disaster, incidental accident and violence. The authors have analysed of 22 patients of thoracic injuries combined with abdominal injuries and summarized as follows. The ratio of male to female was 3.4:1 and their age distribution was from 5 years to 68 years and mean age was 34.4 years. The etiologies of injury were traffic accident, stab wound, fall down and violence. Associated injuries were fractures, bowel perforation, kidney rupture, head injury, liver laceration, spleen rupture and so forth. The modes of treatment were closed thoracostomy, repair of diaphragm, ruptured bowel repair, explo-thoracotomy, splenectomy, hepatic lobectomy in this order of frequency. The postoperative complications were atelectasis, wound infection, pneumonia, empyema, acute renal failure, respiratory failure and bleeding. The mortality rate was 13.6% [3/22 and the causes of death were respiratory failure 1 case, acute renal failure 1 case and hypovolemic shock 1 case.

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Development of a Traffic Signal Controller for the Tri-light Traffic Signal (3구신호등 제어용 교통신호제어기 개발)

  • Han, Won-Sub;Gho, Gwang-Yong;Heo, Nak-Won;Lee, Chul-Kee;Ha, Dong-Ik;Lee, Byung-Cheol
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 2010
  • The traffic signal controllers being used in the domestic currently are being manufactured based on the korean national police standard which was developed for controlling the quad-light traffic signal having the red, yellow, left-turn arrow, and green lights. But according to the national policy for the traffic operation, they have to be changed to be able to switch the tri-light signal having red, yellow and green lights. In this study, a new tri-light traffic signal controller was designed and developed by the way improving the Signal Control Unit of the existing quad-light standard traffic controller. The Load Signal Unit(LSU) was improved to output 6 signals which are the two assemblies of three signal indications having the red, yellow, and green lights. To enough traffic signals output to control each directional movements and the various transport modes which are car, bus, bike, and pedestrian etc., the connector bus system was designed to be able to accommodate maximum 96 signals outputs being constructed by 16 LSUs. Flasher device was developed to be able to support maximum 32 red signals. In the software, the communication protocol between traffic control center and the traffic signal controller was improved and new signal map code values were defined for the developed LSU controlling the quad-light traffic signal. A model of the quad-light traffic signal controller developed and was tested three operations, protocol-operation, remote-command and control-mode. The test result operated all of them successfully.

Feasibility Study on the Personal Rapid Transit System (궤도 승용차 시스템의 기술, 경제성 평가)

  • 최재혁
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 1999.05a
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 1999
  • To solve the traffic problems increased in the big cities, a lot of local transportation authorities are taking into account the New Transit system. But most of projects are pending due to the financial and technical issues. New Transit system has various kinds of characteristics in the view of system technology and operational features. The introduction of PRT system into the Korean market can be investigated through the comparison with other new transit modes.

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The Optimal Mass Transit System for New Cities (신도시건설에 따른 신교통수단시스템 선정방안)

  • Shin, Jong-Hyun;Kim, Si-Gon
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.1612-1617
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    • 2004
  • This paper aims to introduce a new type of mass transit system at new cities. A new mass transit system has been analysed in terms of three view points. 1) a new mass transit between a new city and surrounding cities. 2) a new mass transit inside a new capital, and 3) a traffic center connecting a new mass transit and other modes. This paper can be utilized as a guide line in doing the master plan for new mass transit at new cities.

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Theoretical Model for Accident Prevention Based on Root Cause Analysis With Graph Theory

  • Molan, Gregor;Molan, Marija
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 2021
  • Introduction: Despite huge investments in new technology and transportation infrastructure, terrible accidents still remain a reality of traffic. Methods: Severe traffic accidents were analyzed from four prevailing modes of today's transportations: sea, air, railway, and road. Main root causes of all four accidents were defined with implementation of the approach, based on Flanagan's critical incident technique. In accordance with Molan's Availability Humanization model (AH model), possible preventive or humanization interventions were defined with the focus on technology, environment, organization, and human factors. Results: According to our analyses, there are significant similarities between accidents. Root causes of accidents, human behavioral patterns, and possible humanization measures were presented with rooted graphs. It is possible to create a generalized model graph, which is similar to rooted graphs, for identification of possible humanization measures, intended to prevent similar accidents in the future. Majority of proposed humanization interventions are focused on organization. Organizational interventions are effective in assurance of adequate and safe behavior. Conclusions: Formalization of root cause analysis with rooted graphs in a model offers possibility for implementation of presented methods in analysis of particular events. Implementation of proposed humanization measures in a particular analyzed situation is the basis for creation of safety culture.

An Analysis of the Importance of Accessibility for High Speed Railway : Stated-Preference Approach (고속철도에 있어서 접근도의 중요성 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Park, D.R.;Nam, K.C.
    • Journal of Korean Port Research
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 1994
  • The introduction of high speed railway system a significant impact on the conventional inter-urban transport systems by inducing a significant traffic from the existing modes as well as generating a new traffic. It is also closely related to intra-urban transport systems as the inter-urban traffic has its origin and destination in a city. In the context of mode choice, for high speed transport systems, it has been argued that the accessibility is the most important attribute conceived by users. Thus this study attempts to analysis the importance of the accessibility for the planned high speed railway systems particularly with respect to the location of Busan Station. For this Stated-Preference approach, which is considered appropriate for such study, is adopted, and disaggregate binary logit models for mode choice between the high speed railway and air service in Busan-Seoul corridor are developed. The elasticities for cost and service variables are also derived. The results disclose that cost is the most important which is inconsistent with most previous studies ; accessibility has considerable impact on the choice ; and frequency however has a little impacts. Concerning location of the high speed railway station the results suggest that the longer the access distance is, the more important the accessibility is. This implies that the connection of reliable access transport services such as underground are essential between the terminal and urban center.

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A model of a relative evaluation of the transfer distance between two modes (환승센터의 두 수단간 환승거리의 상대적 적정성 평가)

  • Cha, Dong-Deuk;O, Jae-Hak;Park, Wan-Yong;Park, Seon-Bok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2009
  • One of the problems we face up at the time of planning or improving a transportation transfer facility is which modes and how close we have to put together. The goal here is to keep the connecting transportation mode as close as possible to the prime transit mode, so people travel a minimum transfer path, a distance from one mode to another. Too much a physical separation between modes will limit, even with an intensive improvement of the component links, the level of service of a transfer path as a whole. This study defined a transfer path as the whole stretch of the distance from an arrival point of one mode to the departure point of the connecting mode. The transfer path was divided into three typical segments as side walk, stairways, and indoor corridors. Preference surveys were made for each of these segments, resulting in relative resistance. The sum of individual segments weighted with the relative resistance will make a transfer resistance of the path, which in turn constitutes a transfer utility function together with the overall satisfaction score obtained by the interview survey. The transfer utility function has been utilized to evaluate the transfer distance between modes.

Strategies for Providing Detour Route Information and Traffic Flow Management for Flood Disasters (수해 재난 시 우회교통정보 제공 및 교통류 관리전략)

  • Sin, Seong-Il;Jo, Yong-Chan;Lee, Chang-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2007
  • This research proposes strategies about providing detour route information and traffic management for flood disasters. Suggested strategies are based on prevention and preparation concepts including prediction, optimization, and simulation in order to minimize damage. Specifically, this study shows the possibility that average travel speed is increased by proper signal progression during downpours or heavy snowfalls. In addition, in order to protect the drivers and vehicles from dangerous situations, this study proposes a route guidance strategy based on variational inequalities such as flooding. However, other roads can have traffic congestion by the suggested strategies. Thus, this study also shows the possibility to solve traffic congestion of other roads in networks with emergency signal modes.