• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to find out the investigation of overseas case in Street Furnitures of Public Design. Thus this research regions select among the waterfront cities; Tokyo/Yokohama(Japan), Nies/Cannes(France), Shanghai(China), Vancouver(Canada), in addition to the city of art and romance; Paris. Above all, it is necessary to study concept of public design and definition of street furnitures. The survey data collected from forenamed cities and the items of street furnitures are various installments such as kiosk, bench, bollard, litter-bin, sign board, toilet, bus/taxi station, fence, shelter, lighting column, fountain, telephone-booth, clock-tower, automaton, bicycle stand, playing object etc. In this study street spaces are analysed that is related to regional surroundings and pedestrian's culture. Consequently, design trend of street furniture in foreign case analysis are going into thoroughly modern image as well as checking of form, color, material and maintenance system. According to the above findings, this paper will provide basic data for establishing of the street furniture and improving of public design to the regional citizen, local government officials and regional experts.

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.29-46
• /
• 2017

Chinese literature once had its splendid era in the Tang and Song Dynasties culminating in Tang poetry and influencing the literatures of its neighboring countries. However, during the past centuries, it has largely been "marginalized" on the map of world literature. On the one hand, large numbers of foreign literary works, especially those from Western countries, have been translated into Chinese, exerting a huge influence on the formation of a sort of modern Chinese literary tradition. On the other hand, few contemporary Chinese literary works have been translated into the major foreign languages. With the help of the rise and flourishing of comparative literature, contemporary Chinese literature has been moving toward the world and had its own Nobel laureate. The author, after analyzing the reasons why Chinese literature has been "marginalized," argues that Chinese literature will develop steadily in the age of globalization. Globalization in China has undergone three steps: first, it has made China passively involved in this irresistible trend; second, the country has then quickly adapted itself to this trend; and third, China has started to play an increasingly leading role in the first decade of the present century. In this way, contemporary Chinese literature and comparative literature studies will steadily develop with the help of the "Belt and Road" initiative.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.60 no.5
• /
• pp.781-794
• /
• 2016

Due to its relatively good safety performance and aesthetic benefits, laminated glass (LG) is increasingly being used as load-carrying members in modern buildings. This paper presents an experimental study into one applicational scenario of structural LG subjected to in-plane bending. The aim of the study is to reveal the in-plane behaviors of the LG beams made up of multi-layered glass sheets. The LG specimens respectively consisted of two, three and four plies of glass, bonded together by two prominent adhesives. A total of 26 tests were carried out. From these tests, the structural behaviors in terms of flexural stiffness, load resistance and post-breakage strength were studied in detail, whilst considering the influence of interlayer type, cross-sectional interlayer percentage and presence of shear forces. Based on the test results, analytical suggestions were made, failure modes were identified, corresponding failure mechanisms were discussed, and a rational engineering model was proposed to predict the post-breakage strength of the LG beams. The results obtained are expected to provide useful information for academic and engineering professionals in the analysis and design of LG beams bending in-plane.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.860-864
• /
• 2005

Nowadays most of scholarship is based on the western model. Traditional Chinese Medical education system also follows the western medical education. In the views of medical sociology, it shows very interesting phenomenon that the modernization of traditional area follows the western model of modernization. Moreover, it provides a good chance to discuss whether modernization and westernization of tradition is real development or not. Traditional Chinese Medicine had been the only institutional medicine in China for a long time. But the status of Traditional Chinese Medicine has been changed very rapidly since modern era. Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medical School was established in 1916. But National Party government tried to abolish Traditional Chinese Medicine and it met a crisis of maintenance. But the situation has been dramatically changed when Communist Party got the power in 1949. The Communist Government needed a chief medical service. And Traditional Chinese Medicine could meet the condition. Traditional Chinese Medicine could provide also the ideology of national superiority. Therefore, Traditional Chinese Medicine has been protected and developed by the assistance of the Communist Party. In the process, Traditional Chinese Medical education has been professionalized.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.125-147
• /
• 2020

On the World Refugee Day in 2017, Yao Chen, a Chinese actress, philanthropist, and social media influencer, posted messages in her Weibo in support of the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). Yet, social media users quickly interpreted this supportive message of the refugee program as encouraging people to "accept and receive refugees" (jieshou nanmin) into China. Particularly, the category of Middle Eastern refugees elicited most criticism in China's cyberspace. As the inclusion of refugees is an integral part of immigrant multiculturalism, this article examines the limits of multicultural imagination of refugees―particularly those from the Middle Eastern and North Africa―in contemporary China. I argue that the limits of multicultural imagination in contemporary China is profoundly shaped by an intricate interweaving of domestic policies and global imaginaries toward refugees. By deploying a mixed methodology, such limits are examined from legal-institutional, ideological, and sociocultural perspectives. More specifically, three interrelated aspects will be highlighted in the article: (1) the global circulation of right-wing populism imaginaries, and their entanglements with the anti-Muslim sentiments in contemporary China; (2) the current insufficiency of the legal-institutional framework regarding refugees and asylum-seekers, which needs to be contextualized in China's modern history of dealing with refugee issues; (3) population politics, the rise of Han-centric nationalism, and their constraining impact on the interpretation of historical events related to cultural diversity. In conclusion, this article also offers potential implications for further examining the different yet potentially intersected genealogies of multicultural imaginaries beyond the Middle Eastern and North African refugees in Asia.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.18 no.2 s.60
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2005

Illustrations in advertisement uses various social and cultural codes to stimulate the desire to buy in consumers in the first place, since this is an economic phenomenon orchestrated to sell a product. Hence, factors outside the product per se, such as tradition, social issues and class consciousness are introduced. Especially, in modern advertisement a strategy is adopted to differentiate standard products produced by mass production. In order to do so, such factors as mentioned above become as important as physical characteristics of the product per se and its usage value. As a result, phrases or images used for advertisement can have independent influences on the society irrespective of the sales effects on the product. In this respect, it is fair to state that advertisement reflects the phases and consciousness of a given period as a cultural phenomenon. Therefore, based on the premise of characteristics and roles attributed to the advertisement, this thesis proposes to make a comparative study on the images of women in commercial advertisement in Korea during Japanese Imperialism and China during Cultural Colonial period dating from 1900 to 1945. The starting point of this research will cover the period of foreign trade and Japanese Imperialism in Korea and interference of Western Power in China. It will also investigate on the birth of Korean advertisement by Japanese Imperialists and Chinese modern advertisement along with the modernization of Shanghai. Then, I propose to present the illustrations of women in advertisements based on comparative study of their characteristics and expressions as observed in several case studies both in Korea and China. Connotative meanings in such advertisement will be investigated in the context of political, economic and cultural dominance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2011

In the modern urban landscape design, historical and cultural factors are drawing more and more attention in addition to the factor of beauty. To evaluate an urban landscape design, it's quite important to explore the history and culture background of the city. Color of a city reflects the city characteristics and shows the city image. Color planning has become an important part of city landscape design nowadays. A harmonious landscape cannot be without a unified color planning. The color planning should take not only the integrity but also the regionality into consideration. Color planning has a profound impact on public life. This paper studies on streetscape color of two famous places which are Seoul Insa-dong and Shanghai Xintiandi. According to the empirical and comparative study, this paper will give on-site assessment and comprehensive evaluation. Furthermore, this paper will indicate the differences and similarities of the traditional Streetscape of South Korea and China, using the color theories of Korea Image Resource Institute. This survey results will be helpful to the urban landscape color planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.66 no.6
• /
• pp.158-177
• /
• 2016

In recent years, K-beauty including Korean cosmetics and beauty care tips, is becoming popular in various Asian countries such as China and Vietnam along, with the popularity of the Korean wave. Color images are a highly effective tool in establishing image development strategies in the process of developing cosmetic brands. Surveys on the color images of K-beauty perceived by foreigners need to be preceded for the development of differentiated images and the establishment of management strategies regarding K-beauty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the color images perceived by Asian consumers about K-beauty, and come up with measures to facilitate K-beauty. To this end, this study selected the two countries, China and Vietnam that show high levels of acceptance of K-beauty, and compared the color images of K-beauty perceived by female consumers in these countries. Then, the study visually suggested these images with color palettes, and compared differences in the perception of color images according to demographic characteristics. Beijing and Shanghai showed similar degrees of perception in most color images of K-beauty whereas Hanoi showed a lower perception level. K-beauty color images were classified into 6 groups: feminine, natural, elegant, modern, sensual, active, and popular, which represent symbolic images of K-beauty.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.113-125
• /
• 2011

In order to assess the survival success of microphytoplankton species in ship ballast water, we examined microphytoplankton diversity from international commercial ships berthed at Ulsan and Pyeongtaek Ports, Korea, and also subjected them to laboratory studies. The ages of ballast water in each ship ranged from 1 to 365 days. Vessels originated from coastal China (Weihai, Lianyunsang and Shanghai), Chile, and from the Yellow and Pacific Oceans. The numbers of species and phytoplankton standing crops in uploaded ballast water were significantly related to the age of ballast water. The most diverse taxonomic group was diatoms. In the laboratory study, the value of in vivo fluorescence in M/V Spring Lyra gradually increased with increasing nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. Phytoplankton in new (9 days), medium (31 days) and old (365 days) ballast water successfully survived under typical nutrient condition of port water and F/2 medium at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, whereas phytoplankton in ballast water treatment did not survive, regardless of optimal temperature. Colonization process was dominated by diatoms; Skeletonema coastatum for M/V Spring Lyra, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira for M/V Han Yang, Thalassiosira pacifica and Odontella aurita for M/V Modern Express, and Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus and Pseudo-nitzschia seriata for M/V Asian Legend. The successful establishment of non-native species was also related to nutrient richness. Our laboratory design can be applied as a practical tool to assess the survivability of invasive microphytoplankton introduced into local waters of Ulsan and Pyeongtaek.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2016

In recent years, as selling books on the internet becomes popular, the number of off-line bookstores are rapidly dwindling away. This change on the book market requires, the function and space of the bookstores should be defined again. Now bookstores are the places of experiences on cultures, world-views, and lifestyles around books. The study examines six large bookstores and finds three strategies of space expression as follow. First, Dominicanen bookstore in Maastricht which was built as a church has an expression which contrasts the old and the new as well as the sacred and the profane. Fangsuo bookstore in Chengdu creates a modern underground Sutra Depository. Here, people experience history and religion. Second, Cook & Book in Brussels has nine theme areas, each with a different selection of books, different interior decoration and special food and beverage like a theme park. Zhongshu bookshop in Shanghai has a lattice of nine reading rooms in which each unique design theme is characterized based on each book subject. Third, Cultura Bookstore in Sao Paulo is created to support social interchange. It leads people to the enormous plaza of books where people read books freely and participate in workshops, movies and all kinds of events. Daikanyama Tsutaya Books in Tokyo is composed of three white box-form pavilions which are connected by a 55-meter long aisle, called a magazine street. People walk along the street and choose concierge services as they browse magazines and books. The study finds out three strategies of design in current large bookstores to promote place-experience, which are the story-telling of history and culture, the design of theme parks, and openness for public mingling like plazas and streets. Thus, the study suggests a new paradigm in the design of bookstores in this internet age.